initial

Signed-off-by: Anna (navi) Figueiredo Gomes <navi@vlhl.dev>

1 files changed, 836 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/main.c b/main.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..720850a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,836 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
+#include <SDL2/SDL_vulkan.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+static SDL_Window *window = NULL;
+static VkInstance instance = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+static VkPhysicalDevice phy_gpu = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+static VkDevice gpu = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+static VkSurfaceKHR surface = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+static VkQueue gfx_queue;
+static VkQueue present_queue;
+static VkSwapchainKHR swapchain;
+static VkFormat swapchain_format;
+static VkExtent2D swapchain_extent;
+static VkRenderPass render_pass;
+static VkPipelineLayout pipeline_layout;
+static VkCommandPool command_pool;
+static VkCommandBuffer command_buffer;
+static VkPipeline graphics_pipeline;
+static VkSemaphore image_avail;
+static VkSemaphore render_finished;
+static VkFence in_flight_fence;
+static struct {
+	size_t len;
+	VkImage data[];
+} *swapchain_images;
+static struct {
+	size_t len;
+	VkImageView data[];
+} *swapchain_image_views;
+static struct {
+	size_t len;
+	VkFramebuffer data[];
+} *swapchain_buffers;
+
+struct code {
+	size_t len;
+	uint8_t data[];
+};
+
+struct swapchain_details {
+	VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR caps;
+	struct surface_formats {
+		size_t len;
+		VkSurfaceFormatKHR data[];
+	} *formats;
+	struct present_modes {
+		size_t len;
+		VkPresentModeKHR data[];
+	} *present_modes;
+};
+
+void free_swapchain_details(struct swapchain_details details) {
+	free(details.formats);
+	free(details.present_modes);
+}
+
+struct swapchain_details query_swapchain(VkPhysicalDevice dev) {
+	struct swapchain_details details = {0};
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(dev, surface, &details.caps);
+
+	uint32_t format_count = 0;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(dev, surface, &format_count, NULL);
+	if (format_count != 0) {
+		details.formats = malloc(sizeof(*details.formats) + sizeof(*details.formats->data) * format_count);
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(dev, surface, &format_count, details.formats->data);
+		details.formats->len = format_count;
+	}
+
+	uint32_t present_mode_count = 0;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(dev, surface, &present_mode_count, NULL);
+	if (present_mode_count != 0) {
+		details.present_modes = malloc(sizeof(*details.present_modes) + sizeof(*details.present_modes->data) * format_count);
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(dev, surface, &present_mode_count, details.present_modes->data);
+		details.present_modes->len = present_mode_count;
+	}
+
+	return details;
+}
+
+VkSurfaceFormatKHR pick_swapchain_format(const struct surface_formats *formats) {
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < formats->len; i++)
+		if (formats->data[i].format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB
+				&& formats->data[i].colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR)
+			return formats->data[i];
+	return formats->data[0];
+}
+
+VkPresentModeKHR pick_present_mode(const struct present_modes *modes) {
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < modes->len; i++)
+		if (modes->data[i] == VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR)
+			return modes->data[i];
+
+	return VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
+}
+
+VkExtent2D pick_swap_extent(const VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR *caps) {
+	if (caps->currentExtent.width != UINT32_MAX)
+		return caps->currentExtent;
+
+	int32_t w, h;
+	SDL_GetWindowSize(window, &w, &h);
+
+	VkExtent2D actual_extent = {
+		.width = w > caps->minImageExtent.width ? w < caps->maxImageExtent.width ? w : caps->maxImageExtent.width : caps->minImageExtent.width,
+		.height = h > caps->minImageExtent.height ? h < caps->maxImageExtent.height ? h : caps->maxImageExtent.height : caps->minImageExtent.height,
+	};
+
+	return actual_extent;
+}
+
+struct queue_indices {
+	enum {
+		GRAPHICS = (1 << 0),
+		PRESENT = (1 << 1)
+	} found_queues;
+
+	uint32_t graphics;
+	uint32_t present;
+};
+
+bool found_queue_indx(struct queue_indices inds) {
+	return inds.found_queues == (GRAPHICS | PRESENT);
+}
+
+void cleanup() {
+	vkDeviceWaitIdle(gpu);
+	vkDestroySemaphore(gpu, image_avail, NULL);
+	vkDestroySemaphore(gpu, render_finished, NULL);
+	vkDestroyFence(gpu, in_flight_fence, NULL);
+	vkDestroyCommandPool(gpu, command_pool, NULL);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < swapchain_buffers->len; i++) {
+		vkDestroyFramebuffer(gpu, swapchain_buffers->data[i], NULL);
+	}
+	vkDestroyPipeline(gpu, graphics_pipeline, NULL);
+	vkDestroyPipelineLayout(gpu, pipeline_layout, NULL);
+	vkDestroyRenderPass(gpu, render_pass, NULL);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < swapchain_image_views->len; i++) {
+		vkDestroyImageView(gpu, swapchain_image_views->data[i], NULL);
+	}
+	vkDestroySwapchainKHR(gpu, swapchain, NULL);
+	vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance, surface, NULL);
+	vkDestroyDevice(gpu, NULL);
+	vkDestroyInstance(instance, NULL);
+	SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
+}
+
+void create_instance() {
+	VkApplicationInfo app_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO,
+		.pApplicationName = "vk",
+		.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0),
+		.pEngineName = "void",
+		.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0),
+		.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0
+	};
+
+	uint32_t sdl_exts = 0;
+	SDL_Vulkan_GetInstanceExtensions(window, &sdl_exts, NULL);
+
+	const char *sdl_exts_names[sdl_exts];
+	SDL_Vulkan_GetInstanceExtensions(window, &sdl_exts, sdl_exts_names);
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < sdl_exts; i++) {
+		puts(sdl_exts_names[i]);
+	};
+
+	VkInstanceCreateInfo create_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.pApplicationInfo = &app_info,
+		.enabledLayerCount = 0,
+		.enabledExtensionCount = sdl_exts,
+		.ppEnabledExtensionNames = sdl_exts_names,
+	};
+
+	VkResult res = vkCreateInstance(&create_info, NULL, &instance);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		fputs("failed to create vk instance", stderr);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+}
+
+struct queue_indices find_queue_families(VkPhysicalDevice dev) {
+	struct queue_indices queues_ind = {0};
+
+	uint32_t queue_count = 0;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(dev, &queue_count, NULL);
+
+	VkQueueFamilyProperties *queues = calloc(queue_count, sizeof(*queues));
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(dev, &queue_count, queues);
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < queue_count; i++) {
+		if (queues[i].queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
+			queues_ind.found_queues |= GRAPHICS;
+			queues_ind.graphics = i;
+		}
+
+		VkBool32 present_support = false;
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(dev, i, surface, &present_support);
+
+		if (present_support) {
+			queues_ind.found_queues |= PRESENT;
+			queues_ind.present = i;
+		}
+	}
+
+	free(queues);
+	return queues_ind;
+}
+
+bool is_device_ok(VkPhysicalDevice dev) {
+	uint32_t ext_count;
+
+	vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(dev, NULL, &ext_count, NULL);
+
+	VkExtensionProperties *props = calloc(ext_count, sizeof(*props));
+	vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(dev, NULL, &ext_count, props);
+
+	bool swapchain = false;
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < ext_count; i++) {
+		if (strcmp(props[i].extensionName, VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME) == 0) {
+			swapchain = true;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	free(props);
+
+	bool adequate_swapchain = false;
+	if (swapchain) {
+		struct swapchain_details details = query_swapchain(dev);
+		adequate_swapchain = details.present_modes != NULL && details.formats != NULL;
+		free_swapchain_details(details);
+	}
+
+	return found_queue_indx(find_queue_families(dev)) && swapchain && adequate_swapchain;
+}
+
+void pick_physical_dev() {
+	uint32_t dev_count = 0;
+	vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &dev_count, NULL);
+
+	if (dev_count == 0) {
+		fputs("no vulkan enabled gpus", stderr);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	VkPhysicalDevice *devs = calloc(dev_count, sizeof(*devs));
+	vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &dev_count, devs);
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < dev_count; i++)
+		if (is_device_ok(devs[i])) {
+			phy_gpu = devs[i];
+			break;
+		}
+
+	free(devs);
+
+	if (phy_gpu == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+		fputs("couldn't find appropriate gpu", stderr);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+}
+
+void create_logical_dev() {
+	struct queue_indices inds = find_queue_families(phy_gpu);
+
+	float queue_prio = 1.0f;
+
+	VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queue_create_info[] = {
+		{
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.queueFamilyIndex = inds.graphics,
+			.queueCount = 1,
+			.pQueuePriorities = &queue_prio
+		},
+		{
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.queueFamilyIndex = inds.present,
+			.queueCount = 1,
+			.pQueuePriorities = &queue_prio
+		},
+	};
+
+	VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures dev_features = { 0 };
+
+	const char * const ext = VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME;
+
+	VkDeviceCreateInfo create_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.pQueueCreateInfos = queue_create_info,
+		.queueCreateInfoCount = 2,
+		.pEnabledFeatures = &dev_features,
+		.enabledExtensionCount = 1,
+		.ppEnabledExtensionNames = &ext,
+	};
+
+	VkResult res = vkCreateDevice(phy_gpu, &create_info, NULL, &gpu);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		fputs("failed to create logical device", stderr);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	vkGetDeviceQueue(gpu, inds.graphics, 0, &gfx_queue);
+	vkGetDeviceQueue(gpu, inds.present, 0, &present_queue);
+}
+
+void create_swapchain() {
+	struct swapchain_details details = query_swapchain(phy_gpu);
+
+	VkSurfaceFormatKHR surface_format = pick_swapchain_format(details.formats);
+	VkPresentModeKHR present_mode = pick_present_mode(details.present_modes);
+	VkExtent2D extent = pick_swap_extent(&details.caps);
+
+	swapchain_format = surface_format.format;
+	swapchain_extent = extent;
+
+	uint32_t image_count = details.caps.minImageCount + 1;
+	if (details.caps.maxImageCount > 0 && image_count > details.caps.maxImageCount)
+		image_count = details.caps.maxImageCount;
+
+	VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR create_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
+		.surface = surface,
+		.minImageCount = image_count,
+		.imageFormat = surface_format.format,
+		.imageColorSpace = surface_format.colorSpace,
+		.imageExtent = extent,
+		.imageArrayLayers = 1,
+		.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
+		.preTransform = details.caps.currentTransform,
+		.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR,
+		.presentMode = present_mode,
+		.clipped = VK_TRUE,
+		.oldSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
+	};
+
+	struct queue_indices indx = find_queue_families(phy_gpu);
+	uint32_t fam_indx[] = { indx.graphics, indx.present };
+
+	if (indx.graphics != indx.present) {
+		create_info.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT;
+		create_info.queueFamilyIndexCount = 2;
+		create_info.pQueueFamilyIndices = fam_indx;
+	} else {
+		create_info.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
+	}
+
+	VkResult res = vkCreateSwapchainKHR(gpu, &create_info, NULL, &swapchain);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		fputs("failed to create swapchain", stderr);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	free_swapchain_details(details);
+
+	uint32_t img_count = 0;
+	vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(gpu, swapchain, &img_count, NULL);
+
+	swapchain_images = malloc(sizeof(*swapchain_images) + sizeof(*swapchain_images->data) * img_count);
+	swapchain_images->len = img_count;
+	vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(gpu, swapchain, &img_count, swapchain_images->data);
+
+}
+
+void create_image_views() {
+	swapchain_image_views = malloc(sizeof(*swapchain_image_views) + sizeof(*swapchain_image_views->data) * swapchain_images->len);
+	swapchain_image_views->len = swapchain_images->len;
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < swapchain_images->len; i++) {
+		VkImageViewCreateInfo create_info = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
+			.image = swapchain_images->data[i],
+			.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D,
+			.format = swapchain_format,
+			.components = {
+				.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+				.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+				.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+				.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+			},
+			.subresourceRange = {
+				.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+				.baseMipLevel = 0,
+				.levelCount = 1,
+				.baseArrayLayer = 0,
+				.layerCount = 1
+			}
+		};
+
+		VkResult res = vkCreateImageView(gpu, &create_info, NULL, &swapchain_image_views->data[i]);
+		if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
+			fputs("failed to create image view", stderr);
+			exit(-1);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+struct code *readfile(const char *filename) {
+	FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "rb");
+	if (!fp) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "failed to open file %s", filename);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
+	size_t len = ftell(fp);
+	rewind(fp);
+
+	struct code *bytes = malloc(sizeof(*bytes) + sizeof(*bytes->data) * len);
+	bytes->len = len;
+	fread(bytes->data, sizeof(*bytes->data), len, fp);
+
+	fclose(fp);
+	return bytes;
+}
+
+VkShaderModule create_shader_module(const struct code *code) {
+	VkShaderModuleCreateInfo create_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.codeSize = code->len,
+		.pCode = (uint32_t *)code->data
+	};
+
+	VkShaderModule module;
+	VkResult res = vkCreateShaderModule(gpu, &create_info, NULL, &module);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		fputs("failed to create shader module.", stderr);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	return module;
+}
+
+void create_graphics_pipeline() {
+	struct code *vert_shader_code = readfile("vert.spv");
+	struct code *frag_shader_code = readfile("frag.spv");
+
+	VkShaderModule vert_shader = create_shader_module(vert_shader_code);
+	VkShaderModule frag_shader = create_shader_module(frag_shader_code);
+
+	VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo vert_shader_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
+		.module = vert_shader,
+		.pName = "main"
+	};
+
+	VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo frag_shader_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
+		.module = frag_shader,
+		.pName = "main"
+	};
+
+	VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shader_stages[] = { vert_shader_info, frag_shader_info };
+
+	VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertex_input_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+	};
+
+	VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo input_assembly = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST,
+		.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE
+	};
+
+	VkViewport viewport = {
+		.x = 0.0f,
+		.y = 0.0f,
+		.width = swapchain_extent.width,
+		.height = swapchain_extent.height,
+		.minDepth = 0.0f,
+		.maxDepth = 1.0f
+	};
+
+	VkRect2D scissor = {
+		.offset = { 0, 0 },
+		.extent = swapchain_extent
+	};
+
+	VkDynamicState dyn_states[] = {
+		VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
+		VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR
+	};
+
+	VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamic_state_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.dynamicStateCount = 2,
+		.pDynamicStates = dyn_states
+	};
+
+	VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewport_state = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.viewportCount = 1,
+		.scissorCount = 1
+	};
+
+	VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizer = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE,
+		.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE,
+		.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL,
+		.lineWidth = 1.0f,
+		.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT,
+		.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE,
+		.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE,
+	};
+
+	VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampling = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE,
+		.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
+		.minSampleShading = 1.0f,
+	};
+
+	VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState color_state = {
+		.colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT,
+		.blendEnable = VK_FALSE
+	};
+
+	VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo color_blending = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE,
+		.attachmentCount = 1,
+		.pAttachments = &color_state
+	};
+
+	VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipeline_layout_create_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
+	};
+
+	VkResult res = vkCreatePipelineLayout(gpu, &pipeline_layout_create_info, NULL, &pipeline_layout);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		fputs("failed to create pipeline layout", stderr);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipeline_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.stageCount = 2,
+		.pStages = shader_stages,
+		.pVertexInputState = &vertex_input_info,
+		.pInputAssemblyState = &input_assembly,
+		.pViewportState = &viewport_state,
+		.pRasterizationState = &rasterizer,
+		.pMultisampleState = &multisampling,
+		.pColorBlendState = &color_blending,
+		.pDynamicState = &dynamic_state_info,
+		.layout = pipeline_layout,
+		.renderPass = render_pass,
+		.subpass = 0,
+		.basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
+		.basePipelineIndex = -1
+	};
+
+	res = vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(gpu, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipeline_info, NULL, &graphics_pipeline);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		fputs("failed to create graphics pipeline", stderr);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	vkDestroyShaderModule(gpu, frag_shader, NULL);
+	vkDestroyShaderModule(gpu, vert_shader, NULL);
+}
+
+void create_render_pass() {
+	VkAttachmentDescription color_attach = {
+		.format = swapchain_format,
+		.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
+		.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR,
+		.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE,
+		.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
+		.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
+		.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
+		.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR
+	};
+
+	VkAttachmentReference color_attach_ref = {
+		.attachment = 0,
+		.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
+	};
+
+	VkSubpassDescription subpass = {
+		.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
+		.colorAttachmentCount = 1,
+		.pColorAttachments = &color_attach_ref
+	};
+
+	VkSubpassDependency dep = {
+		.srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL,
+		.dstSubpass = 0,
+		.srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+		.srcAccessMask = 0,
+		.dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
+		.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT
+	};
+
+	VkRenderPassCreateInfo create_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO,
+		.attachmentCount = 1,
+		.pAttachments = &color_attach,
+		.subpassCount = 1,
+		.pSubpasses = &subpass,
+		.dependencyCount = 1,
+		.pDependencies = &dep
+	};
+
+	VkResult res = vkCreateRenderPass(gpu, &create_info, NULL, &render_pass);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		fputs("failed to create render pass", stderr);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+}
+
+void create_framebuffers() {
+	swapchain_buffers = malloc(sizeof(*swapchain_buffers) + sizeof(*swapchain_buffers->data) * swapchain_image_views->len);
+	swapchain_buffers->len = swapchain_image_views->len;
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < swapchain_image_views->len; i++) {
+		VkImageView attachs[] = {
+			swapchain_image_views->data[i]
+		};
+
+		VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebuffer_info = {
+			.sType =VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+			.renderPass = render_pass,
+			.attachmentCount = 1,
+			.pAttachments = attachs,
+			.width = swapchain_extent.width,
+			.height = swapchain_extent.height,
+			.layers = 1
+		};
+
+		VkResult res = vkCreateFramebuffer(gpu, &framebuffer_info, NULL, &swapchain_buffers->data[i]);
+		if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
+			fputs("failed to create framebuffer", stderr);
+			exit(-1);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void create_command_pool() {
+	struct queue_indices indx = find_queue_families(phy_gpu);
+
+	VkCommandPoolCreateInfo pool_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
+		.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT,
+		.queueFamilyIndex = indx.graphics
+	};
+
+	VkResult res = vkCreateCommandPool(gpu, &pool_info, NULL, &command_pool);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		fputs("failed to create command pool", stderr);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+}
+
+void create_command_buffer() {
+	VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo alloc_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+		.commandPool = command_pool,
+		.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
+		.commandBufferCount = 1
+	};
+
+	VkResult res = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(gpu, &alloc_info, &command_buffer);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		fputs("failed to allocate command buffer", stderr);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+}
+
+void record_command_buffer(VkCommandBuffer buffer, uint32_t image_index) {
+	VkCommandBufferBeginInfo begin_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
+	};
+
+	VkResult res = vkBeginCommandBuffer(buffer, &begin_info);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		fputs("failed to begin command buffer", stderr);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	VkClearValue clear_color = {{{0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}}};
+	VkRenderPassBeginInfo render_pass_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO,
+		.renderPass = render_pass,
+		.framebuffer = swapchain_buffers->data[image_index],
+		.renderArea = {
+			.extent = swapchain_extent,
+			.offset = {0, 0}
+		},
+		.clearValueCount = 1,
+		.pClearValues = &clear_color
+	};
+
+	vkCmdBeginRenderPass(buffer, &render_pass_info, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
+	vkCmdBindPipeline(buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, graphics_pipeline);
+
+	VkViewport viewport = {
+		.x = 0.0f,
+		.y = 0.0f,
+		.width = swapchain_extent.width,
+		.height = swapchain_extent.height,
+		.minDepth = 0.0f,
+		.maxDepth = 1.0f,
+	};
+	vkCmdSetViewport(buffer, 0, 1, &viewport);
+
+	VkRect2D scissor = {
+		.offset = {0, 0},
+		.extent = swapchain_extent
+	};
+
+	vkCmdSetScissor(buffer, 0, 1, &scissor);
+	vkCmdDraw(buffer, 3, 1, 0, 0);
+
+	vkCmdEndRenderPass(buffer);
+
+	res = vkEndCommandBuffer(buffer);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		fputs("failed to record command buffer", stderr);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+}
+
+void create_sync_objects() {
+	VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphore_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO
+	};
+	VkFenceCreateInfo fence_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT
+	};
+	if (vkCreateSemaphore(gpu, &semaphore_info, NULL, &image_avail) != VK_SUCCESS
+			|| vkCreateSemaphore(gpu, &semaphore_info, NULL, &render_finished) != VK_SUCCESS
+			|| vkCreateFence(gpu, &fence_info, NULL, &in_flight_fence) != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		fputs("failed to create semaphores and fence", stderr);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+}
+
+void init() {
+	SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO);
+	window = SDL_CreateWindow("vk", SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, SDL_WINDOWPOS_UNDEFINED, 800, 800, SDL_WINDOW_VULKAN);
+	if (!window) {
+		fputs("failed to create sdl window", stderr);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	uint32_t extension_count = 0;
+	vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(NULL, &extension_count, NULL);
+
+	VkExtensionProperties *exts = calloc(extension_count, sizeof(*exts));
+	vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(NULL, &extension_count, exts);
+
+	puts("available extensions:");
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < extension_count; i++) {
+		printf("\t%s\n", exts[i].extensionName);
+	}
+
+	free(exts);
+
+	create_instance();
+
+	if (SDL_Vulkan_CreateSurface(window, instance, &surface) != SDL_TRUE) {
+		fputs("failed to create surface", stderr);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	pick_physical_dev();
+	create_logical_dev();
+	create_swapchain();
+	create_image_views();
+	create_render_pass();
+	create_graphics_pipeline();
+	create_framebuffers();
+	create_command_pool();
+	create_command_buffer();
+	create_sync_objects();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+	vkWaitForFences(gpu, 1, &in_flight_fence, VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
+	vkResetFences(gpu, 1, &in_flight_fence);
+
+	uint32_t image_index;
+	vkAcquireNextImageKHR(gpu, swapchain, UINT64_MAX, image_avail, VK_NULL_HANDLE, &image_index);
+	vkResetCommandBuffer(command_buffer, 0);
+	record_command_buffer(command_buffer, image_index);
+
+	VkSemaphore wait_semaphores[] = { image_avail };
+	VkSemaphore signal_semaphores[] = { render_finished };
+	VkPipelineStageFlags wait_stages[] = { VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT };
+	VkSubmitInfo submit_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
+		.waitSemaphoreCount = 1,
+		.pWaitSemaphores = wait_semaphores,
+		.pWaitDstStageMask = wait_stages,
+		.signalSemaphoreCount = 1,
+		.pSignalSemaphores = signal_semaphores
+	};
+
+	VkResult res = vkQueueSubmit(gfx_queue, 1, &submit_info, in_flight_fence);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS) {
+		fputs("failed to submit draw command buffer", stderr);
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	VkSwapchainKHR swapchains[] = { swapchain };
+	VkPresentInfoKHR present_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR,
+		.waitSemaphoreCount = 1,
+		.pWaitSemaphores = signal_semaphores,
+		.swapchainCount = 1,
+		.pSwapchains = swapchains,
+		.pImageIndices = &image_index
+	};
+
+	vkQueuePresentKHR(present_queue, &present_info);
+}
+
+int main() {
+	init();
+
+	SDL_Event e;
+	while (SDL_PollEvent(&e), e.type != SDL_QUIT)
+		draw();
+
+	cleanup();
+	return 0;
+}