libvlkn: inital commit, basic prototype api in placeHEADmain

Signed-off-by: Anna (navi) Figueiredo Gomes <navi@vlhl.dev>

10 files changed, 1685 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/buffer.c b/src/buffer.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81e8ae6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/buffer.c
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+#include "renderer.h"
+#include "buffer.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+static inline ssize_t find_memory_type(struct vlkn_renderer *ren, uint32_t filter, VkMemoryPropertyFlags props) {
+	VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties mem_props;
+	vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(ren->phy_gpus.chosen->gpu, &mem_props);
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < mem_props.memoryTypeCount; i++)
+		if (filter & (1 << i) && (mem_props.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & props) == props)
+			return i;
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+VkResult buffer_create(struct vlkn_renderer *ren, VkDeviceSize size,
+		VkBufferUsageFlags usage, VkMemoryPropertyFlags props, struct vlkn_buffer *buffer) {
+	VkBufferCreateInfo buffer_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+		.size = size,
+		.usage = usage,
+		.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
+	};
+
+	VkResult res = vkCreateBuffer(ren->gpu.device, &buffer_info, NULL, &buffer->buffer);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+		return res;
+
+	VkMemoryRequirements mem_reqs;
+	vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(ren->gpu.device, buffer->buffer, &mem_reqs);
+
+	ssize_t mem_type_index = find_memory_type(ren, mem_reqs.memoryTypeBits, props);
+	if (mem_type_index == -1)
+		return VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
+
+	VkMemoryAllocateInfo alloc_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+		.allocationSize = mem_reqs.size,
+		.memoryTypeIndex = mem_type_index
+	};
+
+	res = vkAllocateMemory(ren->gpu.device, &alloc_info, NULL, &buffer->memory);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+		return res;
+
+	buffer->size = size;
+	return vkBindBufferMemory(ren->gpu.device, buffer->buffer, buffer->memory, 0);
+}
+
+VkResult buffer_upload(struct vlkn_renderer *ren, struct vlkn_buffer *buffer,
+		size_t offset, size_t size, uint8_t data[size]) {
+	struct vlkn_buffer tmp;
+	size_t end_size = offset + size;
+	// TODO: reallocate buffer?
+	if (end_size > buffer->size) {
+		end_size = buffer->size - offset;
+	}
+	VkResult res = buffer_create(ren, end_size, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT,
+			VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, &tmp);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+		return res;
+
+	void *map;
+	res = vkMapMemory(ren->gpu.device, tmp.memory, 0, end_size, 0, &map);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+		return res;
+	memcpy(map, data, size < buffer->size ? size : end_size);
+	vkUnmapMemory(ren->gpu.device, tmp.memory);
+
+	VkCommandBuffer cmd = begin_single_command(ren);
+	vkCmdCopyBuffer(cmd, tmp.buffer, buffer->buffer, 1, &(VkBufferCopy) { .size = end_size });
+	end_single_command(ren, cmd);
+
+	buffer_destroy(ren, &tmp);
+
+	return VK_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+void buffer_destroy(struct vlkn_renderer *ren, struct vlkn_buffer *buffer) {
+	vkDestroyBuffer(ren->gpu.device, buffer->buffer, NULL);
+	vkFreeMemory(ren->gpu.device, buffer->memory, NULL);
+}
+
+VkResult image_view_create(struct vlkn_renderer *ren, VkFormat format,
+		VkImageAspectFlags aspect, VkImage image, VkImageView *view) {
+	VkImageViewCreateInfo view_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
+		.image = image,
+		.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D,
+		.format = format,
+		.components = {
+			.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+			.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+			.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+			.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY,
+		},
+		.subresourceRange = {
+			.aspectMask = aspect,
+			.baseMipLevel = 0,
+			.levelCount = 1,
+			.baseArrayLayer = 0,
+			.layerCount = 1
+		}
+	};
+
+	return vkCreateImageView(ren->gpu.device, &view_info, NULL, view);
+}
+
+VkResult image_create(struct vlkn_renderer *ren, struct image_opts opts, struct vlkn_images *image) {
+	VkImageCreateInfo image_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
+		.extent = {
+			.width = opts.extent.width,
+			.height = opts.extent.height,
+			.depth = 1
+		},
+		.mipLevels = opts.mip_level,
+		.arrayLayers = 1,
+		.format = opts.format,
+		.tiling = opts.tiling,
+		.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
+		.usage = opts.usage,
+		.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
+		.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT
+	};
+
+	VkResult res = vkCreateImage(ren->gpu.device, &image_info, NULL, &image->image);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+		return res;
+
+	VkMemoryRequirements mem_reqs;
+	vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(ren->gpu.device, image->image, &mem_reqs);
+
+	ssize_t mem_type_index = find_memory_type(ren, mem_reqs.memoryTypeBits, opts.mem_props);
+	if (mem_type_index == -1)
+		return VK_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
+
+	VkMemoryAllocateInfo alloc_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+		.allocationSize = mem_reqs.size,
+		.memoryTypeIndex = mem_type_index
+	};
+
+	res = vkAllocateMemory(ren->gpu.device, &alloc_info, NULL, &image->memory);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+		return res;
+
+	res = vkBindImageMemory(ren->gpu.device, image->image, image->memory, 0);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+		return res;
+
+	return image_view_create(ren, opts.format, opts.aspect, image->image, &image->view);
+}
+
+void image_destroy(struct vlkn_renderer *ren, struct vlkn_images *image) {
+	vkDestroyImageView(ren->gpu.device, image->view, NULL);
+	vkDestroyImage(ren->gpu.device, image->image, NULL);
+	vkFreeMemory(ren->gpu.device, image->memory, NULL);
+}
+
+struct vlkn_mesh vlkn_mesh_upload(struct vlkn_renderer *renderer, size_t vertex_count, struct vlkn_vertex vertices[vertex_count],
+		size_t index_count, uint32_t indices[index_count], struct vec3 position) {
+	(void) position;
+	const VkDeviceSize vertex_size = sizeof(*vertices) * vertex_count;
+	const VkDeviceSize index_size = sizeof(*indices) * index_count;
+
+	struct vlkn_mesh mesh;
+	buffer_create(renderer, vertex_size, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT,
+			VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, &mesh.vertex);
+	buffer_create(renderer, index_size, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT,
+			VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, &mesh.index);
+
+	struct vlkn_buffer tmp;
+	buffer_create(renderer, vertex_size + index_size, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT,
+			VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, &tmp);
+
+	void *data;
+	vkMapMemory(renderer->gpu.device, tmp.memory, 0, vertex_size + index_size, 0, &data);
+	memcpy(data, vertices, vertex_size);
+	memcpy((char *)data + vertex_size, indices, index_size);
+	vkUnmapMemory(renderer->gpu.device, tmp.memory);
+
+	VkCommandBuffer cmd = begin_single_command(renderer);
+	vkCmdCopyBuffer(cmd, tmp.buffer, mesh.vertex.buffer, 1, &(VkBufferCopy) { .size = vertex_size });
+	vkCmdCopyBuffer(cmd, tmp.buffer, mesh.index.buffer, 1, &(VkBufferCopy) { .size = index_size, .srcOffset = vertex_size });
+	end_single_command(renderer, cmd);
+
+	buffer_destroy(renderer, &tmp);
+	mesh.index_count = index_count;
+	mesh.position = position;
+
+	return mesh;
+}
diff --git a/src/buffer.h b/src/buffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebf6ea5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/buffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#ifndef _BUFFER_H_
+#define _BUFFER_H_
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <vlkn.h>
+
+struct vlkn_renderer;
+
+VkResult buffer_create(struct vlkn_renderer *ren, VkDeviceSize size,
+		VkBufferUsageFlags usage, VkMemoryPropertyFlags props, struct vlkn_buffer *buffer);
+VkResult buffer_upload(struct vlkn_renderer *ren, struct vlkn_buffer *buffer,
+		size_t offset, size_t size, uint8_t data[size]);
+void buffer_destroy(struct vlkn_renderer *ren, struct vlkn_buffer *buffer);
+
+struct buffer_view {
+	struct vlkn_buffer *buffer;
+	size_t offset, stride, count;
+};
+
+struct vlkn_images {
+	VkImage image;
+	VkDeviceMemory memory;
+	VkImageView view;
+};
+
+struct image_opts {
+	VkExtent2D extent;
+	uint32_t mip_level;
+	VkFormat format;
+	VkImageTiling tiling;
+	VkImageUsageFlags usage;
+	VkMemoryPropertyFlags mem_props;
+	VkImageAspectFlags aspect;
+};
+
+VkResult image_view_create(struct vlkn_renderer *ren, VkFormat format,
+		VkImageAspectFlags aspect, VkImage image, VkImageView *view);
+VkResult image_create(struct vlkn_renderer *ren, struct image_opts opts, struct vlkn_images *image);
+void image_destroy(struct vlkn_renderer *ren, struct vlkn_images *image);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/pipeline.c b/src/pipeline.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f06ba7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pipeline.c
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+#include <vlkn.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include "pipeline.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+#include "renderer.h"
+
+struct descriptor_allocator descriptor_init(uint32_t sets, size_t ratio_count, struct pool_ratio ratios[ratio_count]) {
+	struct descriptor_allocator alloc = {
+		.set_count = sets,
+		.ratio_count = ratio_count,
+		.ratios = calloc(ratio_count, sizeof(*ratios))
+	};
+	if (!alloc.ratios)
+		abort();
+	memcpy(alloc.ratios, ratios, sizeof(*ratios) * ratio_count);
+	array_init(alloc.ready);
+	array_init(alloc.full);
+	return alloc;
+}
+
+static VkDescriptorPool create_pool(VkDevice dev, struct descriptor_allocator *allocator) {
+	VkDescriptorPoolSize pool_sizes[allocator->ratio_count];
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < allocator->ratio_count; i++) {
+		pool_sizes[i] = (VkDescriptorPoolSize) {
+			.type = allocator->ratios[i].type,
+			.descriptorCount = allocator->ratios[i].ratio * allocator->set_count
+		};
+	}
+
+	VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo pool_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
+		.maxSets = allocator->set_count,
+		.poolSizeCount = allocator->ratio_count,
+		.pPoolSizes = pool_sizes
+	};
+
+	VkDescriptorPool new_pool;
+	// FIXME: verify result
+	vkCreateDescriptorPool(dev, &pool_info, NULL, &new_pool);
+	return new_pool;
+}
+
+static VkDescriptorPool get_pool(VkDevice dev, struct descriptor_allocator *allocator) {
+	if (allocator->ready.len > 0) {
+		assert(allocator->ready.data);
+		return allocator->ready.data[--allocator->ready.len];
+	}
+
+	VkDescriptorPool pool = create_pool(dev, allocator);
+	allocator->set_count *= 1.5;
+	if (allocator->set_count > 4092)
+		allocator->set_count = 4092;
+
+	return pool;
+}
+
+VkDescriptorSet descriptor_allocate(struct descriptor_allocator *alloc, VkDevice dev, VkDescriptorSetLayout layout) {
+	VkDescriptorPool pool = get_pool(dev, alloc);
+
+	VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo alloc_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+		.descriptorPool = pool,
+		.descriptorSetCount = 1,
+		.pSetLayouts = &layout
+	};
+
+	VkDescriptorSet set;
+	switch (vkAllocateDescriptorSets(dev, &alloc_info, &set)) {
+		case VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_POOL_MEMORY:
+		case VK_ERROR_FRAGMENTED_POOL:
+			array_append(alloc->full, pool);
+			pool = get_pool(dev, alloc);
+			alloc_info.descriptorPool = pool;
+			// FIXME: check properly
+			if (vkAllocateDescriptorSets(dev, &alloc_info, &set) != VK_SUCCESS)
+				abort();
+			break;
+		case VK_SUCCESS:
+			break;
+		default:
+			abort();
+	}
+
+	array_append(alloc->ready, pool);
+	return set;
+}
+
+void descriptor_destroy(struct descriptor_allocator *alloc, VkDevice dev) {
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < alloc->full.len; i++)
+		vkDestroyDescriptorPool(dev, alloc->full.data[i], NULL);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < alloc->ready.len; i++)
+		vkDestroyDescriptorPool(dev, alloc->ready.data[i], NULL);
+	alloc->full.len = alloc->ready.len = 0;
+}
+
+// ---
+
+struct descriptor_writer descriptor_write_buffer(size_t binding,
+		VkBuffer buffer, size_t size, size_t offset, VkDescriptorType type) {
+	struct descriptor_writer writer = {
+		.type = DESCRIPTOR_WRITER_BUFFER,
+		.buffer_info = {
+			.buffer = buffer,
+			.offset = offset,
+			.range = size
+		},
+		.write_info = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
+			.dstBinding = binding,
+			.descriptorCount = 1,
+			.descriptorType = type,
+		}
+	};
+	return writer;
+}
+
+struct descriptor_writer descriptor_write_image(size_t binding,
+		VkImageView view, VkSampler sampler, VkImageLayout layout, VkDescriptorType type) {
+	struct descriptor_writer writer = {
+		.type = DESCRIPTOR_WRITER_IMAGE,
+		.image_info = {
+			.sampler = sampler,
+			.imageView = view,
+			.imageLayout = layout
+		},
+		.write_info = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
+			.dstBinding = binding,
+			.descriptorCount = 1,
+			.descriptorType = type,
+		}
+	};
+	return writer;
+}
+
+// TODO: benchmark this against a vkguide-like solution
+void descriptor_update(VkDevice dev, VkDescriptorSet set,
+		size_t write_count, struct descriptor_writer write_sets[write_count]) {
+	VkWriteDescriptorSet writers[write_count];
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < write_count; i++) {
+		writers[i] = write_sets[i].write_info;
+		writers[i].dstSet = set;
+		switch(write_sets[i].type) {
+			case DESCRIPTOR_WRITER_BUFFER:
+				writers[i].pBufferInfo = &write_sets[i].buffer_info;
+				break;
+			case DESCRIPTOR_WRITER_IMAGE:
+				writers[i].pImageInfo = &write_sets[i].image_info;
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+	vkUpdateDescriptorSets(dev, write_count, writers, 0, NULL);
+}
+
+struct vlkn_pipeline *vlkn_pipeline_init(struct vlkn_renderer *renderer, struct vlkn_pipeline_opts *opts) {
+	struct vlkn_pipeline *pipeline = calloc(1, sizeof(*pipeline));
+	if (!pipeline)
+		return NULL;
+
+	struct pool_ratio ratios[opts->descriptors_len];
+
+	struct VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaders[opts->shader_len];
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < opts->shader_len; i++) {
+		shaders[i] = (VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo) {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.module = opts->shaders[i].module,
+			.stage = opts->shaders[i].stages,
+			.pName = "main"
+		};
+	}
+
+	VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertex_input = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 1,
+		.pVertexBindingDescriptions = &opts->attrs_desc,
+		.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = opts->attrs_len,
+		.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = opts->attrs
+	};
+
+	VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo input_assembly = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST,
+		.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE
+	};
+
+	VkDynamicState dyn_states[] = {
+		VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT,
+		VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR
+	};
+
+	VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamic_state_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.dynamicStateCount = 2,
+		.pDynamicStates = dyn_states
+	};
+
+	VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewport_state = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.viewportCount = 1,
+		.scissorCount = 1
+	};
+
+	VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizer = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE,
+		.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE,
+		.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL,
+		.lineWidth = 1.0f,
+		.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT,
+		.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE,
+		.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE,
+	};
+
+	VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampling = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE,
+		.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
+		.minSampleShading = 1.0f,
+	};
+
+	VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState color_state = {
+		.colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT,
+		.blendEnable = VK_FALSE
+	};
+
+	VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo color_blending = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE,
+		.attachmentCount = 1,
+		.pAttachments = &color_state
+	};
+
+	VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depth_stencil = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.depthTestEnable = VK_TRUE,
+		.depthWriteEnable = VK_TRUE,
+		.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS,
+		.depthBoundsTestEnable = VK_FALSE,
+		.minDepthBounds = 0.0f,
+		.maxDepthBounds = 1.0,
+		.stencilTestEnable = VK_FALSE,
+	};
+
+	VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo desc_create_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
+		.bindingCount = opts->descriptors_len,
+		.pBindings = opts->descriptors
+	};
+
+	if (!vlkn_check(vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(renderer->gpu.device, &desc_create_info, NULL, &pipeline->descriptor_layout)))
+		goto err;
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < opts->descriptors_len; i++) {
+		ratios[i].type = opts->descriptors->descriptorType;
+		ratios[i].ratio = 1;
+	}
+
+	pipeline->allocator = descriptor_init(1, opts->descriptors_len, ratios);
+
+	VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipeline_layout_create_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
+		.setLayoutCount = 1,
+		.pSetLayouts = &pipeline->descriptor_layout,
+		.pushConstantRangeCount = opts->push_contant_len,
+		.pPushConstantRanges = opts->push_constants
+	};
+
+	if (!vlkn_check(vkCreatePipelineLayout(renderer->gpu.device, &pipeline_layout_create_info, NULL, &pipeline->layout)))
+		goto err;
+
+	VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipeline_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.stageCount = opts->shader_len,
+		.pStages = shaders,
+		.pVertexInputState = &vertex_input,
+		.pInputAssemblyState = &input_assembly,
+		.pViewportState = &viewport_state,
+		.pRasterizationState = &rasterizer,
+		.pMultisampleState = &multisampling,
+		.pColorBlendState = &color_blending,
+		.pDynamicState = &dynamic_state_info,
+		.pDepthStencilState = &depth_stencil,
+		.layout = pipeline->layout,
+		.renderPass = renderer->render_pass,
+		.subpass = 0,
+		.basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
+		.basePipelineIndex = -1
+	};
+
+	if (!vlkn_check(vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(renderer->gpu.device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipeline_info, NULL, &pipeline->pipeline)))
+		goto err;
+
+	goto out;
+
+err:
+	vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(renderer->gpu.device, pipeline->descriptor_layout, NULL);
+	vkDestroyPipelineLayout(renderer->gpu.device, pipeline->layout, NULL);
+	pipeline = (free(pipeline), NULL);
+out:
+	return pipeline;
+}
+
+bool vlkn_shader_load(struct vlkn_renderer *renderer,
+		const char *path, VkShaderStageFlagBits stage, struct vlkn_shader *shader) {
+	if (!path) {
+		dbglog("attempted to load shader with path as null");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	FILE *fp = fopen(path, "rb");
+	if (!fp) {
+		dbglogf("failed to load pipeline %s.", path);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
+	size_t len = ftell(fp);
+	rewind(fp);
+
+	uint8_t *bytes = calloc(len, sizeof(*bytes));
+	fread(bytes, sizeof(*bytes), len, fp);
+	fclose(fp);
+
+	VkShaderModuleCreateInfo create_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.codeSize = len,
+		.pCode = (uint32_t *)bytes
+	};
+
+	bool ret = true;
+	if (!vlkn_check(vkCreateShaderModule(renderer->gpu.device, &create_info, NULL, &shader->module))) {
+		ret = false;
+	}
+
+	shader->stages = stage;
+
+	free(bytes);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void vlkn_shader_unload(struct vlkn_renderer *renderer, struct vlkn_shader *shader) {
+	vkDestroyShaderModule(renderer->gpu.device, shader->module, NULL);
+}
diff --git a/src/pipeline.h b/src/pipeline.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e571d68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pipeline.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#ifndef _PIPELINE_H_
+#define _PIPELINE_H_
+
+#include <vlkn.h>
+#include "utils.h"
+
+struct pool_ratio {
+	VkDescriptorType type;
+	float ratio;
+};
+
+struct descriptor_allocator {
+	struct array(VkDescriptorPool) full, ready;
+	uint32_t set_count;
+	size_t ratio_count;
+	struct pool_ratio *ratios;
+};
+
+struct descriptor_writer {
+	enum {
+		DESCRIPTOR_WRITER_BUFFER,
+		DESCRIPTOR_WRITER_IMAGE,
+	} type;
+	union {
+		VkDescriptorBufferInfo buffer_info;
+		VkDescriptorImageInfo image_info;
+	};
+	VkWriteDescriptorSet write_info;
+};
+
+struct vlkn_pipeline {
+	struct descriptor_allocator allocator;
+	VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptor_layout;
+	VkDescriptorSet descriptor_set;
+	VkPipelineLayout layout;
+	VkPipeline pipeline;
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/renderer.c b/src/renderer.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..078408d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/renderer.c
@@ -0,0 +1,645 @@
+#include "renderer.h"
+#include "window.h"
+#include "buffer.h"
+#include "pipeline.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+static VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debug_messenger;
+
+static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debug_callback(VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT severity,
+		VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT type, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT *callback_data, void *data) {
+	(void) severity; (void) type; (void) data;
+	dbglogf("%s", callback_data->pMessage);
+	return VK_FALSE;
+}
+
+static bool enumerate_phygpus(struct vlkn_renderer *renderer) {
+	vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(renderer->instance, &renderer->phy_gpus.cap, NULL);
+	if (renderer->phy_gpus.cap == 0)
+		return false;
+
+	renderer->phy_gpus.gpus = calloc(renderer->phy_gpus.cap, sizeof(*renderer->phy_gpus.gpus));
+	VkPhysicalDevice gpus[renderer->phy_gpus.cap];
+	vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(renderer->instance, &renderer->phy_gpus.cap, gpus);
+
+	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < renderer->phy_gpus.cap; i++) {
+		uint32_t count;
+
+		vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(gpus[i], NULL, &count, NULL);
+		VkExtensionProperties ext_props[count];
+		vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(gpus[i], NULL, &count, ext_props);
+
+		VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures feats;
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(gpus[i], &feats);
+		if (!feats.fragmentStoresAndAtomics) {
+			dbglog("no atomic store");
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		bool swapchain = false;
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++)
+			if (strcmp(ext_props[i].extensionName, VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME) == 0) {
+				swapchain = true;
+				break;
+			}
+
+		if (!swapchain)
+			continue;
+
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(gpus[i], &count, NULL);
+		VkQueueFamilyProperties queue_props[count];
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(gpus[i], &count, queue_props);
+
+		ssize_t gfx_queue = -1, present_queue = -1;
+
+		for (size_t q = 0; q < count; q++) {
+			if ((queue_props[q].queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT))
+				gfx_queue = q;
+
+			VkBool32 present_support = false;
+			vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(gpus[i], q, renderer->surface, &present_support);
+
+			if (present_support)
+				present_queue = q;
+		}
+
+		if (gfx_queue == -1 || present_queue == -1)
+			continue;
+
+		struct surface_caps caps;
+
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(gpus[i], renderer->surface, &caps.formats.len, NULL);
+		if (caps.formats.len == 0)
+			return false;
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(gpus[i], renderer->surface, &caps.present_modes.len, NULL);
+		if (caps.present_modes.len == 0)
+			return false;
+
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(gpus[i], renderer->surface, &caps.caps);
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(gpus[i], renderer->surface,
+				&caps.formats.len, (caps.formats.data = calloc(caps.formats.len, sizeof(*caps.formats.data))));
+		vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(gpus[i], renderer->surface,
+				&caps.present_modes.len, (caps.present_modes.data = calloc(caps.present_modes.len, sizeof(*caps.present_modes.data))));
+
+		renderer->phy_gpus.gpus[renderer->phy_gpus.len++] = (struct phy_gpu) {
+			.gpu = gpus[i],
+			.graphics_queue = gfx_queue,
+			.present_queue = present_queue,
+			.surface_caps = caps
+		};
+
+		if (!renderer->phy_gpus.chosen) {
+			VkPhysicalDeviceProperties props;
+			vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(gpus[i], &props);
+			if (props.deviceType == VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_DISCRETE_GPU)
+				renderer->phy_gpus.chosen = &renderer->phy_gpus.gpus[renderer->phy_gpus.len - 1];
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (renderer->phy_gpus.len == 0)
+		return false;
+
+	if (!renderer->phy_gpus.chosen)
+		renderer->phy_gpus.chosen = &renderer->phy_gpus.gpus[0];
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+static VkResult create_device(struct vlkn_renderer *ren) {
+	float queue_prio = 1.0f;
+	VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queue_infos[] = {
+		{
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.queueFamilyIndex = ren->phy_gpus.chosen->graphics_queue,
+			.queueCount = 1,
+			.pQueuePriorities = &queue_prio
+		},
+		{
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO,
+			.queueFamilyIndex = ren->phy_gpus.chosen->present_queue,
+			.queueCount = 1,
+			.pQueuePriorities = &queue_prio
+		}
+	};
+
+	const char * const ext = VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME;
+
+	VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures feats = { .fragmentStoresAndAtomics = VK_TRUE };
+	VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features feats12 = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_2_FEATURES,
+		.runtimeDescriptorArray = VK_TRUE
+	};
+
+	VkDeviceCreateInfo create_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.pNext = &feats12,
+		.pQueueCreateInfos = queue_infos,
+		.queueCreateInfoCount = len(queue_infos),
+		.enabledExtensionCount = 1,
+		.ppEnabledExtensionNames = &ext,
+		.pEnabledFeatures = &feats
+	};
+
+	VkResult res = vkCreateDevice(ren->phy_gpus.chosen->gpu, &create_info, NULL, &ren->gpu.device);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+		return res;
+
+	vkGetDeviceQueue(ren->gpu.device, ren->phy_gpus.chosen->graphics_queue, 0, &ren->gpu.gfx_queue);
+	vkGetDeviceQueue(ren->gpu.device, ren->phy_gpus.chosen->present_queue, 0, &ren->gpu.present_queue);
+
+	return VK_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static VkSurfaceFormatKHR pick_swapchain_format(const struct surface_caps *caps) {
+	assert(caps && caps->formats.data && caps->formats.len > 1);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < caps->formats.len; i++) {
+		VkSurfaceFormatKHR format = caps->formats.data[i];
+		if (format.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB && format.colorSpace == VK_COLORSPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR)
+			return format;
+	}
+	return caps->formats.data[0];
+}
+
+static VkPresentModeKHR pick_present_mode(const struct surface_caps *caps) {
+	assert(caps && caps->present_modes.data);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < caps->present_modes.len; i++) {
+		VkPresentModeKHR mode = caps->present_modes.data[i];
+		if (mode == VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR)
+			return mode;
+	}
+	return VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
+}
+
+static VkResult create_renderpass(struct vlkn_renderer *ren) {
+	VkAttachmentDescription color_attach = {
+		.format = ren->swapchain.format,
+		.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
+		.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR,
+		.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE,
+		.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
+		.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
+		.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
+		.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR
+	};
+
+	VkAttachmentReference color_attach_ref = {
+		.attachment = 0,
+		.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL,
+	};
+
+	VkAttachmentDescription depth_attach = {
+		.format = VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT,
+		.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
+		.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR,
+		.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
+		.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
+		.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
+		.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
+		.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL
+	};
+
+	VkAttachmentReference depth_attach_ref = {
+		.attachment = 1,
+		.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL
+	};
+
+	VkSubpassDescription subpasses[] = {
+		{
+			.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
+			.colorAttachmentCount = 1,
+			.pColorAttachments = &color_attach_ref,
+			.pDepthStencilAttachment = &depth_attach_ref
+		}
+	};
+
+	VkSubpassDependency dep = {
+		.srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL,
+		.dstSubpass = 0,
+		.srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT,
+		.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT,
+		.dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT,
+		.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT | VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT
+	};
+
+	VkAttachmentDescription attachs[] = { color_attach, depth_attach };
+
+	VkRenderPassCreateInfo create_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO,
+		.attachmentCount = len(attachs),
+		.pAttachments = attachs,
+		.subpassCount = len(subpasses),
+		.pSubpasses = subpasses,
+		.dependencyCount = 1,
+		.pDependencies = &dep
+	};
+
+	return vkCreateRenderPass(ren->gpu.device, &create_info, NULL, &ren->render_pass);
+}
+
+void swapchain_destroy(struct vlkn_renderer *ren);
+static VkResult create_swapchain(struct vlkn_renderer *ren) {
+	struct surface_caps *caps = &ren->phy_gpus.chosen->surface_caps;
+	VkSurfaceFormatKHR format = pick_swapchain_format(caps);
+	ren->swapchain.format = format.format;
+	ren->swapchain.extent = caps->caps.currentExtent.width != UINT32_MAX ? caps->caps.currentExtent :
+		(VkExtent2D) {
+			.width = ren->win->width,
+			.height = ren->win->height
+		};
+
+	uint32_t image_count = caps->caps.minImageCount + 1;
+	if (caps->caps.maxImageCount > 0 && image_count > caps->caps.maxImageCount)
+		image_count = caps->caps.maxImageCount;
+
+	// TODO: understand those values
+	VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR create_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
+		.surface = ren->surface,
+		.minImageCount = image_count,
+		.imageFormat = ren->swapchain.format,
+		.imageColorSpace = format.colorSpace,
+		.imageExtent = ren->swapchain.extent,
+		.imageArrayLayers = 1,
+		.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
+		.preTransform = caps->caps.currentTransform,
+		.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR,
+		.presentMode = pick_present_mode(caps),
+		.clipped = VK_TRUE,
+	};
+
+	uint32_t queue_families[] = { ren->phy_gpus.chosen->present_queue, ren->phy_gpus.chosen->graphics_queue };
+	if (queue_families[0] == queue_families[1]) {
+		create_info.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT;
+		create_info.queueFamilyIndexCount = 2;
+		create_info.pQueueFamilyIndices = queue_families;
+	} else {
+		create_info.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
+	}
+
+	VkResult res = vkCreateSwapchainKHR(ren->gpu.device, &create_info, NULL, &ren->swapchain.swapchain);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+		return false;
+
+	if (ren->render_pass == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+		res = create_renderpass(ren);
+		if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+			return res;
+	}
+
+	vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(ren->gpu.device, ren->swapchain.swapchain, &ren->swapchain.images.len, NULL);
+	ren->swapchain.images.data = calloc(ren->swapchain.images.len, sizeof(*ren->swapchain.images.data));
+	VkImage images[ren->swapchain.images.len];
+	vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(ren->gpu.device, ren->swapchain.swapchain, &ren->swapchain.images.len, images);
+
+	struct image_opts opts = {
+		.extent = ren->swapchain.extent,
+		.mip_level = 1,
+		.format = VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT,
+		.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL,
+		.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
+		.mem_props = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT,
+		.aspect = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT
+	};
+
+	res = image_create(ren, opts, &ren->depth);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+		return res;
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < ren->swapchain.images.len; i++) {
+		ren->swapchain.images.data->image = images[i];
+		res = image_view_create(ren, ren->swapchain.format,
+				VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, images[i], &ren->swapchain.images.data[i].view);
+		if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+			return res;
+
+		VkImageView attachs[] = { ren->swapchain.images.data[i].view, ren->depth.view };
+		VkFramebufferCreateInfo fb_info = {
+			.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+			.renderPass = ren->render_pass,
+			.attachmentCount = len(attachs),
+			.pAttachments = attachs,
+			.width = ren->swapchain.extent.width,
+			.height = ren->swapchain.extent.height,
+			.layers = 1
+		};
+		res = vkCreateFramebuffer(ren->gpu.device, &fb_info, NULL, &ren->swapchain.images.data[i].framebuffer);
+		if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+			return res;
+	}
+
+	return VK_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static VkResult create_sync_objects(struct vlkn_renderer *ren) {
+	VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphore_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO
+	};
+	VkFenceCreateInfo fence_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT
+	};
+	VkResult res;
+#define X(exp) do { res = exp; if (res != VK_SUCCESS) return res; } while (0)
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES; i++) {
+		X(vkCreateSemaphore(ren->gpu.device, &semaphore_info, NULL, &ren->locks.image_available[i]));
+		X(vkCreateSemaphore(ren->gpu.device, &semaphore_info, NULL, &ren->locks.render_finished[i]));
+		X(vkCreateFence(ren->gpu.device, &fence_info, NULL, &ren->locks.in_flight[i]));
+	}
+#undef X
+	return VK_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static VkResult create_command_pool(struct vlkn_renderer *ren) {
+	VkCommandPoolCreateInfo pool_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
+		.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT,
+		.queueFamilyIndex = ren->phy_gpus.chosen->graphics_queue
+	};
+
+	VkResult res = vkCreateCommandPool(ren->gpu.device, &pool_info, NULL, &ren->command.pool);
+	if (res != VK_SUCCESS)
+		return res;
+
+	VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo alloc_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+		.commandPool = ren->command.pool,
+		.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
+		.commandBufferCount = MAX_FRAMES
+	};
+
+	return vkAllocateCommandBuffers(ren->gpu.device, &alloc_info, ren->command.buffers);
+}
+
+void resize_callback(void *data) {
+	struct vlkn_renderer *ren = data;
+
+	if (ren->win->width == 0 || ren->win->height == 0)
+		return;
+	vkDeviceWaitIdle(ren->gpu.device);
+	swapchain_destroy(ren);
+	create_swapchain(ren);
+}
+
+struct vlkn_renderer *vlkn_renderer_init(struct vlkn_window *win) {
+	struct vlkn_renderer *ren = calloc(1, sizeof(*ren));
+	if (!ren)
+		return NULL;
+
+	ren->win = win;
+
+	VkApplicationInfo app_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO,
+		.pApplicationName = win->title ? win->title : "",
+		.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0),
+		.pEngineName = "void",
+		.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0),
+		.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_3
+	};
+
+	// TODO: query window
+	const char *exts[] = {
+		VK_KHR_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
+		VK_KHR_WAYLAND_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
+		VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME,
+	};
+
+	const char *validation_layers[] = { "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation" };
+
+	VkInstanceCreateInfo create_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO,
+		.pApplicationInfo = &app_info,
+		.enabledExtensionCount = len(exts),
+		.ppEnabledExtensionNames = exts,
+		.enabledLayerCount = 1,
+		.ppEnabledLayerNames = validation_layers
+	};
+
+	if (!vlkn_check(vkCreateInstance(&create_info, NULL, &ren->instance)))
+		goto err;
+
+	VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT debug_create_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT,
+		.messageSeverity = //VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT
+			VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT
+			| VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT,
+		.messageType = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT
+			| VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT
+			| VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT,
+		.pfnUserCallback = debug_callback
+	};
+	((PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)
+		 vkGetInstanceProcAddr(ren->instance, "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT"))(ren->instance, &debug_create_info, NULL, &debug_messenger);
+
+	ren->surface = window_create_vk_surface(ren->instance, win);
+	if (ren->surface == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+		dbglog("failed to create window surface");
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	if (!enumerate_phygpus(ren)) {
+		dbglog("failed to enumerate physical gpus");
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	if (!vlkn_check(create_device(ren)))
+		goto err;
+
+	if (!vlkn_check(create_swapchain(ren)))
+		goto err;
+
+	if (!vlkn_check(create_sync_objects(ren)))
+		goto err;
+
+	if (!vlkn_check(create_command_pool(ren)))
+		goto err;
+
+	window_on_resize(win, resize_callback, ren);
+	goto out;
+err:
+	ren = (vlkn_renderer_destroy(ren), NULL);
+out:
+	return ren;
+}
+
+void swapchain_destroy(struct vlkn_renderer *ren) {
+	image_destroy(ren, &ren->depth);
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < ren->swapchain.images.len; i++) {
+		vkDestroyFramebuffer(ren->gpu.device, ren->swapchain.images.data[i].framebuffer, NULL);
+		vkDestroyImageView(ren->gpu.device, ren->swapchain.images.data[i].view, NULL);
+	}
+	free(ren->swapchain.images.data);
+	vkDestroySwapchainKHR(ren->gpu.device, ren->swapchain.swapchain, NULL);
+}
+
+void vlkn_renderer_destroy(struct vlkn_renderer *renderer) {
+	if (!renderer)
+		return;
+	if (renderer->gpu.device) {
+		vkDeviceWaitIdle(renderer->gpu.device);
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES; i++) {
+			vkDestroySemaphore(renderer->gpu.device, renderer->locks.image_available[i], NULL);
+			vkDestroySemaphore(renderer->gpu.device, renderer->locks.render_finished[i], NULL);
+			vkDestroyFence(renderer->gpu.device, renderer->locks.in_flight[i], NULL);
+		}
+
+		swapchain_destroy(renderer);
+
+		vkDestroyCommandPool(renderer->gpu.device, renderer->command.pool, NULL);
+
+		vkDestroyPipeline(renderer->gpu.device, renderer->pipeline.gfx, NULL);
+		vkDestroyPipeline(renderer->gpu.device, renderer->pipeline.blend, NULL);
+		vkDestroyPipelineLayout(renderer->gpu.device, renderer->pipeline.layout, NULL);
+
+		vkDestroyRenderPass(renderer->gpu.device, renderer->render_pass, NULL);
+
+		vkDestroyDevice(renderer->gpu.device, NULL);
+	}
+
+	if (renderer->instance) {
+		vkDestroySurfaceKHR(renderer->instance, renderer->surface, NULL);
+
+		((PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)
+			vkGetInstanceProcAddr(renderer->instance, "vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT"))(renderer->instance, debug_messenger, NULL);
+		vkDestroyInstance(renderer->instance, NULL);
+	}
+
+	free(renderer);
+}
+
+uint32_t idx;
+void vlkn_render(struct vlkn_renderer *renderer) {
+	size_t frame = 0;
+	vkWaitForFences(renderer->gpu.device, 1, &renderer->locks.in_flight[frame], VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
+	vkResetFences(renderer->gpu.device, 1, &renderer->locks.in_flight[frame]);
+
+	VkResult res = vkAcquireNextImageKHR(renderer->gpu.device, renderer->swapchain.swapchain,
+			UINT64_MAX, renderer->locks.image_available[frame], VK_NULL_HANDLE, &idx);
+	switch (res) {
+	case VK_SUCCESS:
+	case VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR:
+		break;
+	case VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR:
+		resize_callback(renderer);
+		return;
+	default:
+		dbglog("failed to aquire swapchain images");
+		abort();
+	}
+
+
+	VkCommandBuffer buffer = renderer->command.buffers[frame];
+	vkResetCommandBuffer(renderer->command.buffers[frame], 0);
+
+	VkCommandBufferBeginInfo begin_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
+	};
+
+	if (!vlkn_check(vkBeginCommandBuffer(buffer, &begin_info)))
+		return;
+
+	VkClearValue clear_color[] = {
+		{ .color = {{ 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f }} },
+		{ .depthStencil = { 1.0f, 0.0f }}
+	};
+	VkRenderPassBeginInfo render_pass_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO,
+		.renderPass = renderer->render_pass,
+		.framebuffer = renderer->swapchain.images.data[idx].framebuffer,
+		.renderArea = {
+			.extent = renderer->swapchain.extent,
+			.offset = {0, 0}
+		},
+		.clearValueCount = len(clear_color),
+		.pClearValues = clear_color
+	};
+
+	vkCmdBeginRenderPass(buffer, &render_pass_info, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
+
+	VkViewport viewport = {
+		.x = 0.0f,
+		.y = 0.0f,
+		.width = renderer->swapchain.extent.width,
+		.height = renderer->swapchain.extent.height,
+		.minDepth = 0.0f,
+		.maxDepth = 1.0f,
+	};
+	vkCmdSetViewport(buffer, 0, 1, &viewport);
+
+	VkRect2D scissor = {
+		.offset = {0, 0},
+		.extent = renderer->swapchain.extent
+	};
+
+	vkCmdSetScissor(buffer, 0, 1, &scissor);
+}
+
+void vlkn_draw(struct vlkn_renderer *renderer, struct vlkn_pipeline *pipeline,
+		size_t mesh_len, struct vlkn_mesh meshes[mesh_len]) {
+	size_t frame = 0;
+	VkCommandBuffer buffer = renderer->command.buffers[frame];
+
+	vkCmdBindPipeline(buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipeline->pipeline);
+
+	/*
+	vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(buffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
+			pipeline->layout, 0, 1, &desc_sets[current_frame], 0, NULL);
+	*/
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < mesh_len; i++) {
+		vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(buffer, 0, 1, &meshes[i].vertex.buffer, (VkDeviceSize[]){0});
+		vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(buffer, meshes[i].index.buffer, 0, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32);
+		vkCmdDrawIndexed(buffer, meshes[i].index_count, 1, 0, 0, 0);
+		vkCmdPushConstants(buffer, pipeline->layout,
+				VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT, 0, sizeof(struct vec3), &meshes[i].position);
+	}
+}
+
+void vlkn_present(struct vlkn_renderer *renderer) {
+	size_t frame = 0;
+	VkCommandBuffer buffer = renderer->command.buffers[frame];
+
+	vkCmdEndRenderPass(buffer);
+	vlkn_check(vkEndCommandBuffer(buffer));
+
+	VkSubmitInfo submit = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
+		.waitSemaphoreCount = 1,
+		.pWaitSemaphores = &renderer->locks.image_available[frame],
+		.pWaitDstStageMask = (VkPipelineStageFlags[]) { VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT },
+		.signalSemaphoreCount = 1,
+		.pSignalSemaphores = &renderer->locks.render_finished[frame],
+		.commandBufferCount = 1,
+		.pCommandBuffers = &renderer->command.buffers[frame]
+	};
+
+	if (!vlkn_check(vkQueueSubmit(renderer->gpu.gfx_queue, 1, &submit, renderer->locks.in_flight[frame])))
+		return;
+
+	VkPresentInfoKHR present = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR,
+		.waitSemaphoreCount = 1,
+		.pWaitSemaphores = &renderer->locks.render_finished[frame],
+		.swapchainCount = 1,
+		.pSwapchains = &renderer->swapchain.swapchain,
+		.pImageIndices = &idx
+	};
+
+	switch (vkQueuePresentKHR(renderer->gpu.present_queue, &present)) {
+		case VK_SUCCESS:
+			break;
+		case VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR:
+		case VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR:
+			resize_callback(renderer);
+			break;
+		default:
+			abort();
+			return;
+	}
+
+	wl_display_roundtrip(renderer->win->dpy);
+	//ren->current_frame = (ren->current_frame + 1) % MAX_FRAMES;
+}
diff --git a/src/renderer.h b/src/renderer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fcaa5af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/renderer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#ifndef _RENDERER_H_
+#define _RENDERER_H_
+
+#include <vlkn.h>
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+#include <vulkan/vulkan_wayland.h>
+
+#include "buffer.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+
+#define MAX_FRAMES 3
+
+struct vlkn_renderer {
+	struct vlkn_window *win;
+	VkInstance instance;
+	VkSurfaceKHR surface;
+
+	struct {
+		uint32_t cap, len;
+		struct phy_gpu {
+			VkPhysicalDevice gpu;
+			size_t graphics_queue;
+			size_t present_queue;
+			struct surface_caps {
+				VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR caps;
+				struct {
+					uint32_t len;
+					VkSurfaceFormatKHR *data;
+				} formats;
+				struct {
+					uint32_t len;
+					VkPresentModeKHR *data;
+				} present_modes;
+			} surface_caps;
+		} *gpus;
+		struct phy_gpu *chosen;
+	} phy_gpus;
+
+	struct {
+		VkDevice device;
+		VkQueue gfx_queue;
+		VkQueue present_queue;
+	} gpu;
+
+	struct {
+		VkSwapchainKHR swapchain;
+		VkFormat format;
+		VkExtent2D extent;
+		struct {
+			uint32_t len;
+			struct {
+				VkImage image;
+				VkImageView view;
+				VkFramebuffer framebuffer;
+			} *data;
+		} images;
+	} swapchain;
+
+	struct {
+		VkCommandPool pool;
+		VkCommandBuffer buffers[MAX_FRAMES];
+	} command;
+
+	struct {
+		VkPipelineLayout layout;
+		VkPipeline gfx;
+		VkPipeline transp;
+		VkPipeline blend;
+	} pipeline;
+
+	struct {
+		VkSemaphore image_available[MAX_FRAMES];
+		VkSemaphore render_finished[MAX_FRAMES];
+		VkFence in_flight[MAX_FRAMES];
+	} locks;
+
+	struct vlkn_images depth;
+/*
+	struct {
+		VkDescriptorSetLayout layout;
+		VkDescriptorPool pool;
+		struct descriptor_allocator allocator;
+		VkDescriptorSet sets[MAX_FRAMES];
+	} descriptor;
+
+	struct {
+		struct buffer buffer;
+		void *data;
+	} uniform[MAX_FRAMES];
+*/
+
+	VkRenderPass render_pass;
+
+	uint32_t current_frame;
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/utils.c b/src/utils.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b3b87d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/utils.c
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include "utils.h"
+#include "renderer.h"
+
+VkCommandBuffer begin_single_command(struct vlkn_renderer *ren) {
+	VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo alloc_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+		.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
+		.commandPool = ren->command.pool,
+		.commandBufferCount = 1
+	};
+
+	VkCommandBuffer buffer;
+	vkAllocateCommandBuffers(ren->gpu.device, &alloc_info, &buffer);
+
+	VkCommandBufferBeginInfo begin_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
+		.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT
+	};
+
+	vkBeginCommandBuffer(buffer, &begin_info);
+
+	return buffer;
+}
+
+void end_single_command(struct vlkn_renderer *ren, VkCommandBuffer buffer) {
+	vkEndCommandBuffer(buffer);
+
+	VkSubmitInfo submit_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
+		.commandBufferCount = 1,
+		.pCommandBuffers = &buffer
+	};
+
+	vkQueueSubmit(ren->gpu.gfx_queue, 1, &submit_info, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+	vkQueueWaitIdle(ren->gpu.gfx_queue);
+
+	vkFreeCommandBuffers(ren->gpu.device, ren->command.pool, 1, &buffer);
+}
diff --git a/src/utils.h b/src/utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee0b6c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#ifndef _UTILS_H_
+#define _UTILS_H_
+
+#define len(X) sizeof(X) / sizeof(*X)
+
+// Yes, i know.
+#define min(X, Y) X < Y ? X : Y
+#define max(X, Y) X > Y ? X : Y
+
+#define array(type) { size_t len, cap; type *data; }
+#define array_init(array) do {\
+		(array).len = 0; \
+		(array).cap = 5; \
+		(array).data = calloc(5, sizeof(*(array).data)); \
+	} while (0)
+#define array_new(type) { \
+		.len = 0, \
+		.cap = 5, \
+		.data = calloc(5, sizeof(type)) \
+	}
+
+#define foreach(item, array) \
+	for (typeof((array).data) item = (array).data; item < (array).data + (array).len; item++)
+
+#define array_append(array, item) do { \
+		ensure_ptr((array).data, (array).len + 1, (array).cap); \
+		(array).data[(array).len++] = item; \
+	} while(0)
+
+#define ensure(var, ptr_mem, len_mem, cap_mem) ensure_ptr((var).ptr_mem, (var).len_mem, (var).cap_mem)
+#define ensure_ptr(ptr, len, cap) do { \
+		assert(ptr); \
+		if ((len) > (cap)) { \
+			(ptr) = realloc((ptr), ((cap) = (cap) * 2 > (len) ? (cap) * 2 : (len)) * sizeof(*(ptr))); \
+			if (!(ptr)) \
+				abort(); \
+		} \
+	} while (0)
+
+#define STRINGFY(X) #X
+#define STRGY(X) STRINGFY(X)
+
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+#	include <stdio.h>
+#	define dbglog(F) fprintf(stderr, __FILE__ ":%s:" STRGY(__LINE__) ": " F "\n", __func__)
+#	define dbglogf(F, ...) fprintf(stderr, __FILE__ ":%s:" STRGY(__LINE__) ": " F "\n", __func__, __VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#	define dbglog(F) do { /* noop */ } while(0)
+#	define dbglogf(F, X) do { /* noop */ } while(0)
+#endif
+
+#include <vulkan/vk_enum_string_helper.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+static inline bool vlkn_check_expr(VkResult exp, const char *exp_str) {
+	if (exp == VK_SUCCESS)
+		return true;
+	dbglogf("%s failed with %s", exp_str, string_VkResult(exp));
+	return false;
+}
+
+#define vlkn_check(exp) vlkn_check_expr(exp, #exp)
+
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+struct vlkn_renderer;
+
+VkCommandBuffer begin_single_command(struct vlkn_renderer *ren);
+void end_single_command(struct vlkn_renderer *ren, VkCommandBuffer buffer);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/window.c b/src/window.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d5bac8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/window.c
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+#include <vlkn.h>
+#include "window.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+#include <vulkan/vulkan_wayland.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+static void global(void *data, struct wl_registry *reg,
+		uint32_t name, const char *interface, uint32_t version) {
+	struct vlkn_window *win = data;
+	if (strcmp(wl_compositor_interface.name, interface) == 0) {
+		win->comp = wl_registry_bind(reg, name, &wl_compositor_interface, version);
+	} else if (strcmp(xdg_wm_base_interface.name, interface) == 0) {
+		win->xdg_base = wl_registry_bind(reg, name, &xdg_wm_base_interface, version);
+	} else if (strcmp(zxdg_decoration_manager_v1_interface.name, interface) == 0) {
+		win->deco_manager = wl_registry_bind(reg, name,
+				&zxdg_decoration_manager_v1_interface, version);
+	}
+}
+
+static void global_remove(void *data, struct wl_registry *reg, uint32_t name) {
+	(void) data; (void) reg; (void) name;
+	abort();
+}
+
+static struct wl_registry_listener reg_list = {
+	.global = global,
+	.global_remove = global_remove
+};
+
+static void ping(void *data, struct xdg_wm_base *base, uint32_t serial) {
+	(void) data;
+	xdg_wm_base_pong(base, serial);
+}
+
+static struct xdg_wm_base_listener xdg_list = {
+	.ping = ping
+};
+
+void xdg_surface_configure(void *data, struct xdg_surface *xdg_surface, uint32_t serial) {
+	(void) data;
+	xdg_surface_ack_configure(xdg_surface, serial);
+}
+
+static struct xdg_surface_listener xdg_surface_list = {
+	.configure = xdg_surface_configure,
+};
+
+void toplevel_configure(void *data, struct xdg_toplevel *xdg_toplevel,
+		int32_t width, int32_t height, struct wl_array *states) {
+	(void) xdg_toplevel; (void) states;
+	struct vlkn_window *win = data;
+	win->resize = true;
+	win->width = width != 0 ? width : 1920;
+	win->height = height != 0 ? height : 1080;
+	if (win->on_resize)
+		win->on_resize(win->data);
+
+	dbglogf("%dx%d\n", win->width, win->height);
+}
+
+void toplevel_close(void *data, struct xdg_toplevel *toplevel) {
+	(void) toplevel;
+	struct vlkn_window *win = data;
+	win->should_close = true;
+}
+
+void configure_bounds(void *data, struct xdg_toplevel *xdg_toplevel, int32_t width, int32_t height) {
+	(void) data; (void) xdg_toplevel; (void) width; (void) height;
+}
+
+void wm_capabilities(void *data, struct xdg_toplevel *xdg_toplevel, struct wl_array *capabilities) {
+	(void) data; (void) xdg_toplevel; (void) capabilities;
+}
+
+static struct xdg_toplevel_listener toplevel_listener = {
+	.configure = toplevel_configure,
+	.close = toplevel_close,
+	.configure_bounds = configure_bounds,
+	.wm_capabilities = wm_capabilities
+};
+
+struct vlkn_window *vlkn_window_init(const char *title) {
+	struct vlkn_window *win = calloc(1, sizeof(*win));
+	if (!win)
+		return NULL;
+
+	win->title = title;
+	win->should_close = false;
+
+	win->dpy = wl_display_connect(NULL);
+	if (!win->dpy)
+		goto err;
+
+	win->reg = wl_display_get_registry(win->dpy);
+	if (!win->reg)
+		goto err;
+
+	wl_registry_add_listener(win->reg, &reg_list, win);
+	wl_display_roundtrip(win->dpy);
+
+	if (!win->comp || !win->dpy || !win->deco_manager || !win->xdg_base)
+		goto err;
+
+	xdg_wm_base_add_listener(win->xdg_base, &xdg_list, win);
+
+	win->surface = wl_compositor_create_surface(win->comp);
+	if (!win->surface)
+		goto err;
+
+	win->xdg_surface = xdg_wm_base_get_xdg_surface(win->xdg_base, win->surface);
+	xdg_surface_add_listener(win->xdg_surface, &xdg_surface_list, win);
+	
+	win->xdg_toplevel = xdg_surface_get_toplevel(win->xdg_surface);
+	xdg_toplevel_set_title(win->xdg_toplevel, title);
+	xdg_toplevel_set_min_size(win->xdg_toplevel, 640, 480);
+	xdg_toplevel_add_listener(win->xdg_toplevel, &toplevel_listener, win);
+
+	win->deco = zxdg_decoration_manager_v1_get_toplevel_decoration(win->deco_manager, win->xdg_toplevel);
+	zxdg_toplevel_decoration_v1_set_mode(win->deco, ZXDG_TOPLEVEL_DECORATION_V1_MODE_SERVER_SIDE);
+
+	wl_surface_commit(win->surface);
+	while (!win->resize)
+		wl_display_roundtrip(win->dpy);
+	win->resize = false;
+
+	return win;
+
+err:
+	vlkn_window_destroy(win);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+void window_on_resize(struct vlkn_window *win, void (*callback)(void *data), void *data) {
+	win->on_resize = callback;
+	win->data = data;
+}
+
+void vlkn_window_destroy(struct vlkn_window *win) {
+	if (!win)
+		return;
+
+	if (win->deco)
+		zxdg_toplevel_decoration_v1_destroy(win->deco);
+	if (win->deco_manager)
+		zxdg_decoration_manager_v1_destroy(win->deco_manager);
+	if (win->xdg_toplevel)
+		xdg_toplevel_destroy(win->xdg_toplevel);
+	if (win->xdg_surface)
+		xdg_surface_destroy(win->xdg_surface);
+	if (win->xdg_base)
+		xdg_wm_base_destroy(win->xdg_base);
+	if (win->comp)
+		wl_compositor_destroy(win->comp);
+	if (win->reg)
+		wl_registry_destroy(win->reg);
+	if (win->dpy)
+		wl_display_disconnect(win->dpy);
+	free(win);
+}
+
+VkSurfaceKHR window_create_vk_surface(VkInstance instance, struct vlkn_window *win) {
+	if (!win)
+		return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+	VkWaylandSurfaceCreateInfoKHR create_info = {
+		.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WAYLAND_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
+		.display = win->dpy,
+		.surface = win->surface
+	};
+
+	VkSurfaceKHR surface;
+	if (!vlkn_check(vkCreateWaylandSurfaceKHR(instance, &create_info, NULL, &surface)))
+		return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+	return surface;
+}
diff --git a/src/window.h b/src/window.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36e32a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/window.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#ifndef _WINDOW_H_
+#define _WINDOW_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <vulkan/vulkan.h>
+
+#include <wayland-client.h>
+#include "xdg-shell-protocol.h"
+#include "xdg-decoration-unstable-v1-protocol.h"
+
+struct vlkn_window {
+	const char *title;
+
+	struct wl_display *dpy;
+	struct wl_registry *reg;
+	struct wl_compositor *comp;
+	struct zxdg_decoration_manager_v1 *deco_manager;
+	struct zxdg_toplevel_decoration_v1 *deco;
+	struct wl_surface *surface;
+	struct xdg_wm_base *xdg_base;
+	struct xdg_surface *xdg_surface;
+	struct xdg_toplevel *xdg_toplevel;
+
+	int32_t width, height;
+	bool resize, should_close;
+
+	void *data;
+	void (*on_resize)(void *data);
+};
+
+void window_on_resize(struct vlkn_window *win, void (*callback)(void *data), void *data);
+VkSurfaceKHR window_create_vk_surface(VkInstance instance, struct vlkn_window *win);
+
+#endif