Redesign wlr_texture

- Textures are now immutable (apart from those created from raw
  pixels), no more invalid textures
- Move all wl_drm stuff in wlr_renderer
- Most of wlr_texture fields are now private
- Remove some duplicated DMA-BUF code in the DRM backend
- Add more assertions
- Stride is now always given as bytes rather than pixels
- Drop wl_shm functions

Fun fact: this patch has been written 10,000 meters up in the air.

24 files changed, 535 insertions, 605 deletions

diff --git a/backend/drm/drm.c b/backend/drm/drm.c
index 524e80bb..94bfbc96 100644
--- a/backend/drm/drm.c
+++ b/backend/drm/drm.c
@@ -181,9 +181,6 @@ void wlr_drm_resources_free(struct wlr_drm_backend *drm) {
 		if (plane->cursor_bo) {
 			gbm_bo_destroy(plane->cursor_bo);
 		}
-		if (plane->wlr_tex) {
-			wlr_texture_destroy(plane->wlr_tex);
-		}
 	}
 
 	free(drm->crtcs);
@@ -586,12 +583,6 @@ static bool wlr_drm_connector_set_cursor(struct wlr_output *output,
 			wlr_output_transform_invert(output->transform);
 		wlr_matrix_projection(plane->matrix, plane->surf.width,
 			plane->surf.height, transform);
-
-		plane->wlr_tex =
-			wlr_render_texture_create(plane->surf.renderer->wlr_rend);
-		if (!plane->wlr_tex) {
-			return false;
-		}
 	}
 
 	struct wlr_box hotspot = { .x = hotspot_x, .y = hotspot_y };
@@ -637,13 +628,18 @@ static bool wlr_drm_connector_set_cursor(struct wlr_output *output,
 
 		wlr_drm_surface_make_current(&plane->surf, NULL);
 
-		wlr_texture_upload_pixels(plane->wlr_tex, WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB8888,
-			stride, width, height, buf);
-
 		struct wlr_renderer *rend = plane->surf.renderer->wlr_rend;
+
+		struct wlr_texture *texture = wlr_texture_from_pixels(rend,
+			WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB8888, stride, width, height, buf);
+		if (texture == NULL) {
+			wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Unable to create texture");
+			return false;
+		}
+
 		wlr_renderer_begin(rend, plane->surf.width, plane->surf.height);
 		wlr_renderer_clear(rend, (float[]){ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 });
-		wlr_render_texture(rend, plane->wlr_tex, plane->matrix, 0, 0, 1.0f);
+		wlr_render_texture(rend, texture, plane->matrix, 0, 0, 1.0f);
 		wlr_renderer_end(rend);
 
 		wlr_renderer_read_pixels(rend, WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB8888, bo_stride,
@@ -651,6 +647,7 @@ static bool wlr_drm_connector_set_cursor(struct wlr_output *output,
 
 		wlr_drm_surface_swap_buffers(&plane->surf, NULL);
 
+		wlr_texture_destroy(texture);
 		gbm_bo_unmap(plane->cursor_bo, bo_data);
 	}
 
diff --git a/backend/drm/renderer.c b/backend/drm/renderer.c
index b2998b5f..2b50bb79 100644
--- a/backend/drm/renderer.c
+++ b/backend/drm/renderer.c
@@ -178,47 +178,33 @@ static void free_eglimage(struct gbm_bo *bo, void *data) {
 static struct wlr_texture *get_tex_for_bo(struct wlr_drm_renderer *renderer,
 		struct gbm_bo *bo) {
 	struct tex *tex = gbm_bo_get_user_data(bo);
-	if (tex) {
+	if (tex != NULL) {
 		return tex->tex;
 	}
 
-	// TODO: use wlr_texture_upload_dmabuf instead
-
-	tex = malloc(sizeof(*tex));
-	if (!tex) {
-		wlr_log_errno(L_ERROR, "Allocation failed");
+	tex = calloc(1, sizeof(struct tex));
+	if (tex == NULL) {
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	tex->egl = &renderer->egl;
-
-	int dmabuf_fd = gbm_bo_get_fd(bo);
-	uint32_t width = gbm_bo_get_width(bo);
-	uint32_t height = gbm_bo_get_height(bo);
-
-	EGLint attribs[] = {
-		EGL_WIDTH, width,
-		EGL_HEIGHT, height,
-		EGL_LINUX_DRM_FOURCC_EXT, gbm_bo_get_format(bo),
-		EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_FD_EXT, dmabuf_fd,
-		EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_OFFSET_EXT, gbm_bo_get_offset(bo, 0),
-		EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_PITCH_EXT, gbm_bo_get_stride_for_plane(bo, 0),
-		EGL_IMAGE_PRESERVED_KHR, EGL_FALSE,
-		EGL_NONE,
+	struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs attribs = {
+		.n_planes = 1,
+		.width = gbm_bo_get_width(bo),
+		.height = gbm_bo_get_height(bo),
+		.format = gbm_bo_get_format(bo),
 	};
-
-	tex->img = eglCreateImageKHR(renderer->egl.display, EGL_NO_CONTEXT,
-		EGL_LINUX_DMA_BUF_EXT, NULL, attribs);
-	if (!tex->img) {
-		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Failed to create EGL image");
-		abort();
+	attribs.offset[0] = 0;
+	attribs.stride[0] = gbm_bo_get_stride_for_plane(bo, 0);
+	attribs.modifier[0] = 0;
+	attribs.fd[0] = gbm_bo_get_fd(bo);
+
+	tex->tex = wlr_texture_from_dmabuf(renderer->wlr_rend, &attribs);
+	if (tex->tex == NULL) {
+		free(tex);
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	tex->tex = wlr_render_texture_create(renderer->wlr_rend);
-	wlr_texture_upload_eglimage(tex->tex, tex->img, width, height);
-
 	gbm_bo_set_user_data(bo, tex, free_eglimage);
-
 	return tex->tex;
 }
 
diff --git a/backend/wayland/output.c b/backend/wayland/output.c
index d528c888..c1fa638a 100644
--- a/backend/wayland/output.c
+++ b/backend/wayland/output.c
@@ -99,8 +99,6 @@ static bool wlr_wl_output_set_cursor(struct wlr_output *_output,
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	stride *= 4; // stride is given in pixels, we need it in bytes
-
 	if (!backend->shm || !backend->pointer) {
 		wlr_log(L_INFO, "cannot set cursor, no shm or pointer");
 		return false;
diff --git a/examples/multi-pointer.c b/examples/multi-pointer.c
index 43ccdb66..1f869f50 100644
--- a/examples/multi-pointer.c
+++ b/examples/multi-pointer.c
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ static void handle_input_add(struct compositor_state *state,
 		sample->compositor);
 
 	struct wlr_xcursor_image *image = sample->xcursor->images[0];
-	wlr_cursor_set_image(cursor->cursor, image->buffer, image->width,
+	wlr_cursor_set_image(cursor->cursor, image->buffer, image->width * 4,
 		image->width, image->height, image->hotspot_x, image->hotspot_y, 0);
 
 	wl_list_insert(&sample->cursors, &cursor->link);
diff --git a/examples/output-layout.c b/examples/output-layout.c
index 45d896b0..c1392a30 100644
--- a/examples/output-layout.c
+++ b/examples/output-layout.c
@@ -197,9 +197,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 	compositor_init(&compositor);
 
 	state.renderer = wlr_gles2_renderer_create(compositor.backend);
-	state.cat_texture = wlr_render_texture_create(state.renderer);
-	wlr_texture_upload_pixels(state.cat_texture, WL_SHM_FORMAT_ABGR8888,
-		cat_tex.width, cat_tex.width, cat_tex.height, cat_tex.pixel_data);
+	state.cat_texture = wlr_texture_from_pixels(state.renderer,
+		WL_SHM_FORMAT_ABGR8888, cat_tex.width * 4, cat_tex.width, cat_tex.height,
+		cat_tex.pixel_data);
 
 	if (!wlr_backend_start(compositor.backend)) {
 		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Failed to start backend");
diff --git a/examples/pointer.c b/examples/pointer.c
index e8a0e892..9794e6e5 100644
--- a/examples/pointer.c
+++ b/examples/pointer.c
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ static void handle_output_add(struct output_state *ostate) {
 		sample->compositor);
 
 	struct wlr_xcursor_image *image = sample->xcursor->images[0];
-	wlr_cursor_set_image(sample->cursor, image->buffer, image->width,
+	wlr_cursor_set_image(sample->cursor, image->buffer, image->width * 4,
 		image->width, image->height, image->hotspot_x, image->hotspot_y, 0);
 
 	wlr_cursor_warp(sample->cursor, NULL, sample->cursor->x, sample->cursor->y);
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 	}
 
 	struct wlr_xcursor_image *image = state.xcursor->images[0];
-	wlr_cursor_set_image(state.cursor, image->buffer, image->width,
+	wlr_cursor_set_image(state.cursor, image->buffer, image->width * 4,
 		image->width, image->height, image->hotspot_x, image->hotspot_y, 0);
 
 	compositor_init(&compositor);
diff --git a/examples/rotation.c b/examples/rotation.c
index cbff09a1..dfafeeca 100644
--- a/examples/rotation.c
+++ b/examples/rotation.c
@@ -142,13 +142,13 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Could not start compositor, OOM");
 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}
-	state.cat_texture = wlr_render_texture_create(state.renderer);
+	state.cat_texture = wlr_texture_from_pixels(state.renderer,
+		WL_SHM_FORMAT_ABGR8888, cat_tex.width * 4, cat_tex.width, cat_tex.height,
+		cat_tex.pixel_data);
 	if (!state.cat_texture) {
 		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Could not start compositor, OOM");
 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}
-	wlr_texture_upload_pixels(state.cat_texture, WL_SHM_FORMAT_ABGR8888,
-		cat_tex.width, cat_tex.width, cat_tex.height, cat_tex.pixel_data);
 
 	if (!wlr_backend_start(compositor.backend)) {
 		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Failed to start backend");
diff --git a/examples/touch.c b/examples/touch.c
index f9c496cf..7639165c 100644
--- a/examples/touch.c
+++ b/examples/touch.c
@@ -45,10 +45,13 @@ static void handle_output_frame(struct output_state *output, struct timespec *ts
 	wlr_renderer_begin(sample->renderer, wlr_output->width, wlr_output->height);
 	wlr_renderer_clear(sample->renderer, (float[]){0.25f, 0.25f, 0.25f, 1});
 
+	int tex_width, tex_height;
+	wlr_texture_get_size(sample->cat_texture, &tex_width, &tex_height);
+
 	struct touch_point *p;
 	wl_list_for_each(p, &sample->touch_points, link) {
-		int x = (int)(p->x * width) - sample->cat_texture->width / 2;
-		int y = (int)(p->y * height) - sample->cat_texture->height / 2;
+		int x = (int)(p->x * width) - tex_width / 2;
+		int y = (int)(p->y * height) - tex_height / 2;
 		wlr_render_texture(sample->renderer, sample->cat_texture,
 			wlr_output->transform_matrix, x, y, 1.0f);
 	}
@@ -110,13 +113,13 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Could not start compositor, OOM");
 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}
-	state.cat_texture = wlr_render_texture_create(state.renderer);
+	state.cat_texture = wlr_texture_from_pixels(state.renderer,
+		WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB8888, cat_tex.width * 4, cat_tex.width, cat_tex.height,
+		cat_tex.pixel_data);
 	if (!state.cat_texture) {
 		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Could not start compositor, OOM");
 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}
-	wlr_texture_upload_pixels(state.cat_texture, WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB8888,
-		cat_tex.width, cat_tex.width, cat_tex.height, cat_tex.pixel_data);
 
 	if (!wlr_backend_start(compositor.backend)) {
 		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Failed to start backend");
diff --git a/include/backend/drm/drm.h b/include/backend/drm/drm.h
index 26189340..cb10ad20 100644
--- a/include/backend/drm/drm.h
+++ b/include/backend/drm/drm.h
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ struct wlr_drm_plane {
 
 	// Only used by cursor
 	float matrix[9];
-	struct wlr_texture *wlr_tex;
 	struct gbm_bo *cursor_bo;
 	bool cursor_enabled;
 	int32_t cursor_hotspot_x, cursor_hotspot_y;
diff --git a/include/render/gles2.h b/include/render/gles2.h
index 43a8d648..09295415 100644
--- a/include/render/gles2.h
+++ b/include/render/gles2.h
@@ -38,21 +38,49 @@ struct wlr_gles2_renderer {
 	} shaders;
 };
 
+enum wlr_gles2_texture_type {
+	WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_GLTEX,
+	WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_WL_DRM_GL,
+	WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_WL_DRM_EXT,
+	WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_DMABUF,
+};
+
 struct wlr_gles2_texture {
 	struct wlr_texture wlr_texture;
 
-	struct wlr_egl *egl;
-	GLuint tex_id;
-	const struct gles2_pixel_format *pixel_format;
+	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer;
+	enum wlr_gles2_texture_type type;
+	int width, height;
+	bool has_alpha;
+	bool inverted_y;
+
+	// Not set if WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_GLTEX
 	EGLImageKHR image;
-	GLenum target;
+	GLuint image_tex;
+
+	union {
+		GLuint gl_tex;
+		struct wl_resource *wl_drm;
+	};
 };
 
 const struct gles2_pixel_format *gles2_format_from_wl(enum wl_shm_format fmt);
 const enum wl_shm_format *gles2_formats(size_t *len);
 
-struct wlr_texture *gles2_texture_create();
-struct wlr_gles2_texture *gles2_get_texture(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture);
+struct wlr_gles2_renderer *gles2_get_renderer(
+	struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer);
+struct wlr_gles2_renderer *gles2_get_renderer_in_context(
+	struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer);
+
+struct wlr_gles2_texture *gles2_get_texture_in_context(
+	struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture);
+struct wlr_texture *gles2_texture_from_pixels(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
+	enum wl_shm_format wl_fmt, uint32_t stride, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+	const void *data);
+struct wlr_texture *gles2_texture_from_wl_drm(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
+	struct wl_resource *data);
+struct wlr_texture *gles2_texture_from_dmabuf(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
+	struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs *attribs);
 
 void gles2_push_marker(const char *file, const char *func);
 void gles2_pop_marker(void);
diff --git a/include/wlr/render/egl.h b/include/wlr/render/egl.h
index aa429e8e..c214f127 100644
--- a/include/wlr/render/egl.h
+++ b/include/wlr/render/egl.h
@@ -47,36 +47,24 @@ void wlr_egl_finish(struct wlr_egl *egl);
 bool wlr_egl_bind_display(struct wlr_egl *egl, struct wl_display *local_display);
 
 /**
- * Refer to the eglQueryWaylandBufferWL extension function.
- */
-bool wlr_egl_query_buffer(struct wlr_egl *egl, struct wl_resource *buf,
-	EGLint attrib, EGLint *value);
-
-/**
  * Returns a surface for the given native window
  * The window must match the remote display the wlr_egl was created with.
  */
 EGLSurface wlr_egl_create_surface(struct wlr_egl *egl, void *window);
 
 /**
- * Creates an egl image from the given client buffer and attributes.
- */
-EGLImageKHR wlr_egl_create_image(struct wlr_egl *egl,
-		EGLenum target, EGLClientBuffer buffer, const EGLint *attribs);
-
-/**
  * Creates an egl image from the given dmabuf attributes. Check usability
  * of the dmabuf with wlr_egl_check_import_dmabuf once first.
  */
 EGLImageKHR wlr_egl_create_image_from_dmabuf(struct wlr_egl *egl,
-		struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs *attributes);
+	struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs *attributes);
 
 /**
  * Try to import the given dmabuf. On success return true false otherwise.
  * If this succeeds the dmabuf can be used for rendering on a texture
  */
 bool wlr_egl_check_import_dmabuf(struct wlr_egl *egl,
-		struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *dmabuf);
+	struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *dmabuf);
 
 /**
  * Get the available dmabuf formats
diff --git a/include/wlr/render/interface.h b/include/wlr/render/interface.h
index 7f25c0ff..212e4f7a 100644
--- a/include/wlr/render/interface.h
+++ b/include/wlr/render/interface.h
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ struct wlr_renderer_impl {
 	void (*end)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer);
 	void (*clear)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer, const float color[static 4]);
 	void (*scissor)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer, struct wlr_box *box);
-	struct wlr_texture *(*texture_create)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer);
 	bool (*render_texture_with_matrix)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
 		struct wlr_texture *texture, const float matrix[static 9],
 		float alpha);
@@ -33,45 +32,39 @@ struct wlr_renderer_impl {
 		const float color[static 4], const float matrix[static 9]);
 	const enum wl_shm_format *(*formats)(
 		struct wlr_renderer *renderer, size_t *len);
-	bool (*buffer_is_drm)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
-		struct wl_resource *buffer);
+	bool (*resource_is_wl_drm_buffer)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+		struct wl_resource *resource);
+	void (*wl_drm_buffer_get_size)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+		struct wl_resource *buffer, int *width, int *height);
 	bool (*read_pixels)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer, enum wl_shm_format fmt,
 		uint32_t stride, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
 		uint32_t src_x, uint32_t src_y, uint32_t dst_x, uint32_t dst_y,
 		void *data);
 	bool (*format_supported)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
 		enum wl_shm_format fmt);
+	struct wlr_texture *(*texture_from_pixels)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+		enum wl_shm_format fmt, uint32_t stride, uint32_t width,
+		uint32_t height, const void *data);
+	struct wlr_texture *(*texture_from_wl_drm)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+		struct wl_resource *data);
+	struct wlr_texture *(*texture_from_dmabuf)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+		struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs *attribs);
 	void (*destroy)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer);
 };
 
 void wlr_renderer_init(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
-		const struct wlr_renderer_impl *impl);
+	const struct wlr_renderer_impl *impl);
 
 struct wlr_texture_impl {
-	bool (*upload_pixels)(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-		enum wl_shm_format format, int stride, int width, int height,
-		const unsigned char *pixels);
-	bool (*update_pixels)(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-		enum wl_shm_format format, int stride, int x, int y,
-		int width, int height, const unsigned char *pixels);
-	bool (*upload_shm)(struct wlr_texture *texture, uint32_t format,
-		struct wl_shm_buffer *shm);
-	bool (*update_shm)(struct wlr_texture *texture, uint32_t format,
-		int x, int y, int width, int height, struct wl_shm_buffer *shm);
-	bool (*upload_drm)(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-		struct wl_resource *drm_buf);
-	bool (*upload_eglimage)(struct wlr_texture *texture, EGLImageKHR image,
-		uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
-	bool (*upload_dmabuf)(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-		struct wl_resource *dmabuf_resource);
-	void (*get_buffer_size)(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-		struct wl_resource *resource, int *width, int *height);
+	void (*get_size)(struct wlr_texture *texture, int *width, int *height);
+	bool (*write_pixels)(struct wlr_texture *texture,
+		enum wl_shm_format wl_fmt, uint32_t stride, uint32_t width,
+		uint32_t height, uint32_t src_x, uint32_t src_y, uint32_t dst_x,
+		uint32_t dst_y, const void *data);
 	void (*destroy)(struct wlr_texture *texture);
 };
 
 void wlr_texture_init(struct wlr_texture *texture,
 	const struct wlr_texture_impl *impl);
-void wlr_texture_get_buffer_size(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-	struct wl_resource *resource, int *width, int *height);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/wlr/render/wlr_renderer.h b/include/wlr/render/wlr_renderer.h
index 6f0d2ecc..decd14f5 100644
--- a/include/wlr/render/wlr_renderer.h
+++ b/include/wlr/render/wlr_renderer.h
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #ifndef WLR_RENDER_WLR_RENDERER_H
 #define WLR_RENDER_WLR_RENDERER_H
 
-#include <EGL/egl.h>
-#include <EGL/eglext.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <wayland-server-protocol.h>
 #include <wlr/render/wlr_texture.h>
@@ -22,10 +20,6 @@ void wlr_renderer_clear(struct wlr_renderer *r, const float color[static 4]);
  */
 void wlr_renderer_scissor(struct wlr_renderer *r, struct wlr_box *box);
 /**
- * Requests a texture handle from this renderer.
- */
-struct wlr_texture *wlr_render_texture_create(struct wlr_renderer *r);
-/**
  * Renders the requested texture.
  */
 bool wlr_render_texture(struct wlr_renderer *r, struct wlr_texture *texture,
@@ -51,11 +45,16 @@ void wlr_render_colored_ellipse(struct wlr_renderer *r,
 const enum wl_shm_format *wlr_renderer_get_formats(struct wlr_renderer *r,
 	size_t *len);
 /**
- * Returns true if this wl_buffer is a DRM buffer.
+ * Returns true if this wl_buffer is a wl_drm buffer.
  */
-bool wlr_renderer_buffer_is_drm(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+bool wlr_renderer_resource_is_wl_drm_buffer(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
 	struct wl_resource *buffer);
 /**
+ * Gets the width and height of a wl_drm buffer.
+ */
+void wlr_renderer_wl_drm_buffer_get_size(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+	struct wl_resource *buffer, int *width, int *height);
+/**
  * Reads out of pixels of the currently bound surface into data. `stride` is in
  * bytes.
  */
diff --git a/include/wlr/render/wlr_texture.h b/include/wlr/render/wlr_texture.h
index 095097e6..ab361298 100644
--- a/include/wlr/render/wlr_texture.h
+++ b/include/wlr/render/wlr_texture.h
@@ -5,62 +5,49 @@
 #include <EGL/eglext.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <wayland-server-protocol.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf.h>
 
+struct wlr_renderer;
 struct wlr_texture_impl;
 
 struct wlr_texture {
 	const struct wlr_texture_impl *impl;
-
-	bool valid;
-	uint32_t format;
-	int width, height;
-	bool inverted_y;
-	struct wl_signal destroy_signal;
-	struct wl_resource *resource;
 };
 
 /**
- * Copies pixels to this texture. The buffer is not accessed after this function
- * returns.
+ * Create a new texture from raw pixel data. `stride` is in bytes. The returned
+ * texture is mutable.
  */
-bool wlr_texture_upload_pixels(struct wlr_texture *tex,
-	enum wl_shm_format format, int stride, int width, int height,
-	const unsigned char *pixels);
+struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture_from_pixels(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+	enum wl_shm_format wl_fmt, uint32_t stride, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+	const void *data);
+
 /**
- * Copies pixels to this texture. The buffer is not accessed after this function
- * returns. Under some circumstances, this function may re-upload the entire
- * buffer - therefore, the entire buffer must be valid.
+ * Create a new texture from a wayland DRM resource. The returned texture is
+ * immutable.
  */
-bool wlr_texture_update_pixels(struct wlr_texture *surf,
-	enum wl_shm_format format, int stride, int x, int y,
-	int width, int height, const unsigned char *pixels);
+struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture_from_wl_drm(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+	struct wl_resource *data);
+
 /**
- * Copies pixels from a wl_shm_buffer into this texture. The buffer is not
- * accessed after this function returns.
+ * Create a new texture from a DMA-BUF. The returned texture is immutable.
  */
-bool wlr_texture_upload_shm(struct wlr_texture *tex, uint32_t format,
-	struct wl_shm_buffer *shm);
+struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture_from_dmabuf(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+	struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs *attribs);
+
 /**
- * Attaches the contents from the given wl_drm wl_buffer resource onto the
- * texture. The wl_resource is not used after this call.
- * Will fail (return false) if the given resource is no drm buffer.
+ * Get the texture width and height.
  */
-bool wlr_texture_upload_drm(struct wlr_texture *tex,
-	struct wl_resource *drm_buffer);
-
-bool wlr_texture_upload_eglimage(struct wlr_texture *tex,
-	EGLImageKHR image, uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
+void wlr_texture_get_size(struct wlr_texture *texture, int *width, int *height);
 
-bool wlr_texture_upload_dmabuf(struct wlr_texture *tex,
-	struct wl_resource *dmabuf_resource);
 /**
- * Copies a rectangle of pixels from a wl_shm_buffer onto the texture. The
- * buffer is not accessed after this function returns. Under some circumstances,
- * this function may re-upload the entire buffer - therefore, the entire buffer
- * must be valid.
+ * Update a texture with raw pixels. The texture must be mutable.
  */
-bool wlr_texture_update_shm(struct wlr_texture *surf, uint32_t format,
-	int x, int y, int width, int height, struct wl_shm_buffer *shm);
+bool wlr_texture_write_pixels(struct wlr_texture *texture,
+	enum wl_shm_format wl_fmt, uint32_t stride, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+	uint32_t src_x, uint32_t src_y, uint32_t dst_x, uint32_t dst_y,
+	const void *data);
+
 /**
  * Destroys this wlr_texture.
  */
diff --git a/include/wlr/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf.h b/include/wlr/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf.h
index 9d71e598..c06d8a87 100644
--- a/include/wlr/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf.h
+++ b/include/wlr/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf.h
@@ -11,6 +11,12 @@
 #define DRM_FORMAT_MOD_INVALID ((1ULL<<56) - 1)
 #endif
 
+enum {
+	WLR_DMABUF_BUFFER_ATTRIBS_FLAGS_Y_INVERT = 1,
+	WLR_DMABUF_BUFFER_ATTRIBS_FLAGS_INTERLACED = 2,
+	WLR_DMABUF_BUFFER_ATTRIBS_FLAGS_BOTTOM_FIRST = 4,
+};
+
 struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs {
 	/* set via params_add */
 	int n_planes;
@@ -22,7 +28,7 @@ struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs {
 	int32_t width;
 	int32_t height;
 	uint32_t format;
-	uint32_t flags; /* enum zlinux_buffer_params_flags */
+	uint32_t flags;
 };
 
 struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer {
@@ -52,11 +58,6 @@ struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *wlr_dmabuf_buffer_from_buffer_resource(
 struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *wlr_dmabuf_buffer_from_params_resource(
 	struct wl_resource *params_resource);
 
-/**
- * Returns true if the given dmabuf has y-axis inverted, false otherwise
- */
-bool wlr_dmabuf_buffer_has_inverted_y(struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *dmabuf);
-
 /* the protocol interface */
 struct wlr_linux_dmabuf {
 	struct wl_global *wl_global;
diff --git a/render/egl.c b/render/egl.c
index e582b6d3..49b41eee 100644
--- a/render/egl.c
+++ b/render/egl.c
@@ -223,24 +223,6 @@ bool wlr_egl_bind_display(struct wlr_egl *egl, struct wl_display *local_display)
 	return false;
 }
 
-bool wlr_egl_query_buffer(struct wlr_egl *egl, struct wl_resource *buf,
-		int attrib, int *value) {
-	if (!eglQueryWaylandBufferWL) {
-		return false;
-	}
-	return eglQueryWaylandBufferWL(egl->display, buf, attrib, value);
-}
-
-EGLImage wlr_egl_create_image(struct wlr_egl *egl, EGLenum target,
-		EGLClientBuffer buffer, const EGLint *attribs) {
-	if (!eglCreateImageKHR) {
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	return eglCreateImageKHR(egl->display, egl->context, target,
-		buffer, attribs);
-}
-
 bool wlr_egl_destroy_image(struct wlr_egl *egl, EGLImage image) {
 	if (!eglDestroyImageKHR) {
 		return false;
diff --git a/render/gles2/renderer.c b/render/gles2/renderer.c
index 9403c0ed..dcda45e9 100644
--- a/render/gles2/renderer.c
+++ b/render/gles2/renderer.c
@@ -12,23 +12,27 @@
 #include <wlr/render/wlr_renderer.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_matrix.h>
 #include <wlr/util/log.h>
-#include "render/gles2.h"
 #include "glapi.h"
+#include "render/gles2.h"
 
 static const struct wlr_renderer_impl renderer_impl;
 
-static struct wlr_gles2_renderer *gles2_get_renderer(
+struct wlr_gles2_renderer *gles2_get_renderer(
 		struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer) {
 	assert(wlr_renderer->impl == &renderer_impl);
-	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer =
-		(struct wlr_gles2_renderer *)wlr_renderer;
+	return (struct wlr_gles2_renderer *)wlr_renderer;
+}
+
+struct wlr_gles2_renderer *gles2_get_renderer_in_context(
+		struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer) {
+	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer = gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
 	assert(eglGetCurrentContext() == renderer->egl->context);
 	return renderer;
 }
 
 static void gles2_begin(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer, uint32_t width,
 		uint32_t height) {
-	gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
+	gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
 
 	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
 
@@ -45,13 +49,13 @@ static void gles2_begin(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer, uint32_t width,
 }
 
 static void gles2_end(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer) {
-	gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
+	gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
 	// no-op
 }
 
 static void gles2_clear(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
 		const float color[static 4]) {
-	gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
+	gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
 
 	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
 	glClearColor(color[0], color[1], color[2], color[3]);
@@ -61,7 +65,7 @@ static void gles2_clear(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
 
 static void gles2_scissor(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
 		struct wlr_box *box) {
-	gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
+	gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
 
 	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
 	if (box != NULL) {
@@ -73,14 +77,6 @@ static void gles2_scissor(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
 	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
 }
 
-static struct wlr_texture *gles2_renderer_texture_create(
-		struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer) {
-	assert(wlr_renderer->impl == &renderer_impl);
-	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer =
-		(struct wlr_gles2_renderer *)wlr_renderer;
-	return gles2_texture_create(renderer->egl);
-}
-
 static void draw_quad() {
 	GLfloat verts[] = {
 		1, 0, // top right
@@ -107,21 +103,28 @@ static void draw_quad() {
 	glDisableVertexAttribArray(1);
 }
 
-static bool gles2_render_texture_with_matrix(
-		struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer, struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture,
-		const float matrix[static 9], float alpha) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer = gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
-	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture = gles2_get_texture(wlr_texture);
-	if (!wlr_texture->valid) {
-		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "attempt to render invalid texture");
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	GLuint prog = renderer->shaders.tex_rgba;
-	if (texture->target == GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES) {
+static bool gles2_render_texture_with_matrix(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
+		struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture, const float matrix[static 9],
+		float alpha) {
+	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer =
+		gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
+	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture =
+		gles2_get_texture_in_context(wlr_texture);
+
+	GLuint prog;
+	GLenum target;
+	switch (texture->type) {
+	case WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_GLTEX:
+	case WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_WL_DRM_GL:
+		prog = texture->has_alpha ? renderer->shaders.tex_rgba :
+			renderer->shaders.tex_rgbx;
+		target = GL_TEXTURE_2D;
+		break;
+	case WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_WL_DRM_EXT:
+	case WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_DMABUF:
 		prog = renderer->shaders.tex_ext;
-	} else if (!texture->pixel_format->has_alpha) {
-		prog = renderer->shaders.tex_rgbx;
+		target = GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES;
+		break;
 	}
 
 	// OpenGL ES 2 requires the glUniformMatrix3fv transpose parameter to be set
@@ -130,15 +133,23 @@ static bool gles2_render_texture_with_matrix(
 	wlr_matrix_transpose(transposition, matrix);
 
 	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
-	glBindTexture(texture->target, texture->tex_id);
-	glTexParameteri(texture->target, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
-	glTexParameteri(texture->target, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+
+	GLuint tex_id = texture->type == WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_GLTEX ?
+		texture->gl_tex : texture->image_tex;
+	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+	glBindTexture(target, tex_id);
+
+	glTexParameteri(target, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+	glTexParameteri(target, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+
 	glUseProgram(prog);
 
 	glUniformMatrix3fv(0, 1, GL_FALSE, transposition);
-	glUniform1i(1, wlr_texture->inverted_y);
+	glUniform1i(1, texture->inverted_y);
 	glUniform1f(3, alpha);
+
 	draw_quad();
+
 	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
 	return true;
 }
@@ -146,7 +157,8 @@ static bool gles2_render_texture_with_matrix(
 
 static void gles2_render_quad(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
 		const float color[static 4], const float matrix[static 9]) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer = gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
+	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer =
+		gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
 
 	// OpenGL ES 2 requires the glUniformMatrix3fv transpose parameter to be set
 	// to GL_FALSE
@@ -163,7 +175,8 @@ static void gles2_render_quad(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
 
 static void gles2_render_ellipse(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
 		const float color[static 4], const float matrix[static 9]) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer = gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
+	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer =
+		gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
 
 	// OpenGL ES 2 requires the glUniformMatrix3fv transpose parameter to be set
 	// to GL_FALSE
@@ -183,20 +196,38 @@ static const enum wl_shm_format *gles2_renderer_formats(
 	return gles2_formats(len);
 }
 
-static bool gles2_buffer_is_drm(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
-		struct wl_resource *buffer) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer = gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
+static bool gles2_resource_is_wl_drm_buffer(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
+		struct wl_resource *resource) {
+	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer =
+		gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
+
+	if (!eglQueryWaylandBufferWL) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	EGLint fmt;
+	return eglQueryWaylandBufferWL(renderer->egl->display, resource,
+		EGL_TEXTURE_FORMAT, &fmt);
+}
+
+static void gles2_wl_drm_buffer_get_size(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
+		struct wl_resource *buffer, int *width, int *height) {
+	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer =
+		gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
+
+	if (!eglQueryWaylandBufferWL) {
+		return;
+	}
 
-	EGLint format;
-	return wlr_egl_query_buffer(renderer->egl, buffer, EGL_TEXTURE_FORMAT,
-		&format);
+	eglQueryWaylandBufferWL(renderer->egl->display, buffer, EGL_WIDTH, width);
+	eglQueryWaylandBufferWL(renderer->egl->display, buffer, EGL_HEIGHT, height);
 }
 
 static bool gles2_read_pixels(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
 		enum wl_shm_format wl_fmt, uint32_t stride, uint32_t width,
 		uint32_t height, uint32_t src_x, uint32_t src_y, uint32_t dst_x,
 		uint32_t dst_y, void *data) {
-	gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
+	gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
 
 	const struct gles2_pixel_format *fmt = gles2_format_from_wl(wl_fmt);
 	if (fmt == NULL) {
@@ -254,14 +285,17 @@ static const struct wlr_renderer_impl renderer_impl = {
 	.end = gles2_end,
 	.clear = gles2_clear,
 	.scissor = gles2_scissor,
-	.texture_create = gles2_renderer_texture_create,
 	.render_texture_with_matrix = gles2_render_texture_with_matrix,
 	.render_quad = gles2_render_quad,
 	.render_ellipse = gles2_render_ellipse,
 	.formats = gles2_renderer_formats,
-	.buffer_is_drm = gles2_buffer_is_drm,
+	.resource_is_wl_drm_buffer = gles2_resource_is_wl_drm_buffer,
+	.wl_drm_buffer_get_size = gles2_wl_drm_buffer_get_size,
 	.read_pixels = gles2_read_pixels,
 	.format_supported = gles2_format_supported,
+	.texture_from_pixels = gles2_texture_from_pixels,
+	.texture_from_wl_drm = gles2_texture_from_wl_drm,
+	.texture_from_dmabuf = gles2_texture_from_dmabuf,
 };
 
 void gles2_push_marker(const char *file, const char *func) {
diff --git a/render/gles2/texture.c b/render/gles2/texture.c
index 46193c78..82effd71 100644
--- a/render/gles2/texture.c
+++ b/render/gles2/texture.c
@@ -10,366 +10,262 @@
 #include <wlr/render/interface.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_matrix.h>
 #include <wlr/util/log.h>
+#include "glapi.h"
 #include "render/gles2.h"
 #include "util/signal.h"
 
-static struct gles2_pixel_format external_pixel_format = {
-	.wl_format = 0,
-	.depth = 0,
-	.bpp = 0,
-	.gl_format = 0,
-	.gl_type = 0,
-};
-
-static void gles2_texture_ensure(struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture,
-		GLenum target) {
-	if (texture->tex_id) {
-		return;
-	}
-	texture->target = target;
-	glGenTextures(1, &texture->tex_id);
-	glBindTexture(target, texture->tex_id);
-	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
-	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
-}
-
 static const struct wlr_texture_impl texture_impl;
 
-struct wlr_gles2_texture *gles2_get_texture(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture) {
+static struct wlr_gles2_texture *gles2_get_texture(
+		struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture) {
 	assert(wlr_texture->impl == &texture_impl);
 	return (struct wlr_gles2_texture *)wlr_texture;
 }
 
-static bool gles2_texture_upload_pixels(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture,
-		enum wl_shm_format format, int stride, int width, int height,
-		const unsigned char *pixels) {
+struct wlr_gles2_texture *gles2_get_texture_in_context(
+		struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture) {
 	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture = gles2_get_texture(wlr_texture);
-
-	const struct gles2_pixel_format *fmt = gles2_format_from_wl(format);
-	if (!fmt || !fmt->gl_format) {
-		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "No supported pixel format for this texture");
-		return false;
-	}
-	texture->wlr_texture.width = width;
-	texture->wlr_texture.height = height;
-	texture->wlr_texture.format = format;
-	texture->pixel_format = fmt;
-
-	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
-	gles2_texture_ensure(texture, GL_TEXTURE_2D);
-	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture->tex_id);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH_EXT, stride);
-	glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, fmt->gl_format, width, height, 0,
-		fmt->gl_format, fmt->gl_type, pixels);
-	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
-
-	texture->wlr_texture.valid = true;
-	return true;
+	assert(eglGetCurrentContext() == texture->renderer->egl->context);
+	return texture;
 }
 
-static bool gles2_texture_update_pixels(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture,
-		enum wl_shm_format format, int stride, int x, int y,
-		int width, int height, const unsigned char *pixels) {
+static void gles2_texture_get_size(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture, int *width,
+		int *height) {
 	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture = gles2_get_texture(wlr_texture);
-
-	// TODO: Test if the unpack subimage extension is supported and adjust the
-	// upload strategy if not
-	if (!texture->wlr_texture.valid
-			|| texture->wlr_texture.format != format
-		/*	|| unpack not supported */) {
-		return gles2_texture_upload_pixels(&texture->wlr_texture, format,
-			stride, width, height, pixels);
-	}
-	const struct gles2_pixel_format *fmt = texture->pixel_format;
-	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
-	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture->tex_id);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH_EXT, stride);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS_EXT, x);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS_EXT, y);
-	glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, x, y, width, height, fmt->gl_format,
-		fmt->gl_type, pixels);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS_EXT, 0);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS_EXT, 0);
-	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
-	return true;
+	*width = texture->width;
+	*height = texture->height;
 }
 
-static bool gles2_texture_upload_shm(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture,
-		uint32_t format, struct wl_shm_buffer *buffer) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture = gles2_get_texture(wlr_texture);
+static bool gles2_texture_write_pixels(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture,
+		enum wl_shm_format wl_fmt, uint32_t stride, uint32_t width,
+		uint32_t height, uint32_t src_x, uint32_t src_y, uint32_t dst_x,
+		uint32_t dst_y, const void *data) {
+	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture =
+		gles2_get_texture_in_context(wlr_texture);
+
+	if (texture->type != WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_GLTEX) {
+		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Cannot write pixels to immutable texture");
+		return false;
+	}
 
-	const struct gles2_pixel_format *fmt = gles2_format_from_wl(format);
-	if (!fmt || !fmt->gl_format) {
-		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Unsupported pixel format %"PRIu32" for this texture",
-				format);
+	const struct gles2_pixel_format *fmt = gles2_format_from_wl(wl_fmt);
+	if (fmt == NULL) {
+		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Unsupported pixel format %"PRIu32, wl_fmt);
 		return false;
 	}
-	wl_shm_buffer_begin_access(buffer);
-	uint8_t *pixels = wl_shm_buffer_get_data(buffer);
-	int width = wl_shm_buffer_get_width(buffer);
-	int height = wl_shm_buffer_get_height(buffer);
-	int pitch = wl_shm_buffer_get_stride(buffer) / (fmt->bpp / 8);
-	texture->wlr_texture.width = width;
-	texture->wlr_texture.height = height;
-	texture->wlr_texture.format = format;
-	texture->pixel_format = fmt;
 
+	// TODO: what if the unpack subimage extension isn't supported?
 	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
-	gles2_texture_ensure(texture, GL_TEXTURE_2D);
-	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture->tex_id);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH_EXT, pitch);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS_EXT, 0);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS_EXT, 0);
-	glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, fmt->gl_format, width, height, 0,
-		fmt->gl_format, fmt->gl_type, pixels);
-	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
 
-	texture->wlr_texture.valid = true;
-	wl_shm_buffer_end_access(buffer);
-	return true;
-}
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture->gl_tex);
 
-static bool gles2_texture_update_shm(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture,
-		uint32_t format, int x, int y, int width, int height,
-		struct wl_shm_buffer *buffer) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture = gles2_get_texture(wlr_texture);
+	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH_EXT, stride / (fmt->bpp / 8));
+	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS_EXT, src_x);
+	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS_EXT, src_y);
 
-	// TODO: Test if the unpack subimage extension is supported and adjust the
-	// upload strategy if not
-	assert(texture);
-	if (!texture->wlr_texture.valid
-			|| texture->wlr_texture.format != format
-		/*	|| unpack not supported */) {
-		return gles2_texture_upload_shm(&texture->wlr_texture, format, buffer);
-	}
-	const struct gles2_pixel_format *fmt = texture->pixel_format;
-	wl_shm_buffer_begin_access(buffer);
-	uint8_t *pixels = wl_shm_buffer_get_data(buffer);
-	int pitch = wl_shm_buffer_get_stride(buffer) / (fmt->bpp / 8);
+	glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, dst_x, dst_y, width, height,
+		fmt->gl_format, fmt->gl_type, data);
 
-	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
-	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture->tex_id);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH_EXT, pitch);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS_EXT, x);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS_EXT, y);
-	glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, x, y, width, height,
-			fmt->gl_format, fmt->gl_type, pixels);
+	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH_EXT, 0);
 	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS_EXT, 0);
 	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS_EXT, 0);
-	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
-
-	wl_shm_buffer_end_access(buffer);
 
+	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
 	return true;
 }
 
-static bool gles2_texture_upload_drm(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture,
-		struct wl_resource *buf) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_texture *tex = gles2_get_texture(wlr_texture);
-	if (!glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES) {
-		return false;
+static void gles2_texture_destroy(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture) {
+	if (wlr_texture == NULL) {
+		return;
 	}
 
-	EGLint format;
-	if (!wlr_egl_query_buffer(tex->egl, buf, EGL_TEXTURE_FORMAT, &format)) {
-		wlr_log(L_INFO, "upload_drm called with no drm buffer");
-		return false;
-	}
+	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture = gles2_get_texture(wlr_texture);
 
-	wlr_egl_query_buffer(tex->egl, buf, EGL_WIDTH,
-		(EGLint*)&tex->wlr_texture.width);
-	wlr_egl_query_buffer(tex->egl, buf, EGL_HEIGHT,
-		(EGLint*)&tex->wlr_texture.height);
+	wlr_egl_make_current(texture->renderer->egl, EGL_NO_SURFACE, NULL);
 
-	EGLint inverted_y;
-	if (wlr_egl_query_buffer(tex->egl, buf, EGL_WAYLAND_Y_INVERTED_WL,
-			&inverted_y)) {
-		tex->wlr_texture.inverted_y = !!inverted_y;
+	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
+
+	if (texture->image_tex) {
+		glDeleteTextures(1, &texture->image_tex);
+	}
+	if (texture->image) {
+		assert(eglDestroyImageKHR);
+		eglDestroyImageKHR(texture->renderer->egl->display, texture->image);
 	}
 
-	GLenum target;
-	const struct gles2_pixel_format *pf;
-	switch (format) {
-	case EGL_TEXTURE_RGB:
-	case EGL_TEXTURE_RGBA:
-		target = GL_TEXTURE_2D;
-		pf = gles2_format_from_wl(WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB8888);
-		break;
-	case EGL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_WL:
-		target = GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES;
-		pf = &external_pixel_format;
-		break;
-	default:
-		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "invalid/unsupported egl buffer format");
-		return false;
+	if (texture->type == WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_GLTEX) {
+		glDeleteTextures(1, &texture->gl_tex);
 	}
 
-	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
-	gles2_texture_ensure(tex, target);
-	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex->tex_id);
 	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
 
-	EGLint attribs[] = { EGL_WAYLAND_PLANE_WL, 0, EGL_NONE };
+	free(texture);
+}
 
-	if (tex->image) {
-		wlr_egl_destroy_image(tex->egl, tex->image);
+static const struct wlr_texture_impl texture_impl = {
+	.get_size = gles2_texture_get_size,
+	.write_pixels = gles2_texture_write_pixels,
+	.destroy = gles2_texture_destroy,
+};
+
+struct wlr_texture *gles2_texture_from_pixels(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
+		enum wl_shm_format wl_fmt, uint32_t stride, uint32_t width,
+		uint32_t height, const void *data) {
+	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer =
+		gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
+
+	const struct gles2_pixel_format *fmt = gles2_format_from_wl(wl_fmt);
+	if (fmt == NULL) {
+		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Unsupported pixel format %"PRIu32, wl_fmt);
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	tex->image = wlr_egl_create_image(tex->egl, EGL_WAYLAND_BUFFER_WL,
-		(EGLClientBuffer*) buf, attribs);
-	if (!tex->image) {
-		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "failed to create EGL image");
- 		return false;
+	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture =
+		calloc(1, sizeof(struct wlr_gles2_texture));
+	if (texture == NULL) {
+		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Allocation failed");
+		return NULL;
 	}
+	wlr_texture_init(&texture->wlr_texture, &texture_impl);
+	texture->renderer = renderer;
+	texture->width = width;
+	texture->height = height;
+	texture->type = WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_GLTEX;
+	texture->has_alpha = fmt->has_alpha;
 
 	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
-	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
-	glBindTexture(target, tex->tex_id);
-	glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES(target, tex->image);
-	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
-	tex->wlr_texture.valid = true;
-	tex->pixel_format = pf;
-
-	return true;
-}
 
-static bool gles2_texture_upload_eglimage(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture,
-		EGLImageKHR image, uint32_t width, uint32_t height) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_texture *tex = gles2_get_texture(wlr_texture);
+	glGenTextures(1, &texture->gl_tex);
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture->gl_tex);
 
-	tex->image = image;
-	tex->pixel_format = &external_pixel_format;
-	tex->wlr_texture.valid = true;
-	tex->wlr_texture.width = width;
-	tex->wlr_texture.height = height;
+	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH_EXT, stride / (fmt->bpp / 8));
+	glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, fmt->gl_format, width, height, 0,
+		fmt->gl_format, fmt->gl_type, data);
+	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH_EXT, 0);
 
-	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
-	gles2_texture_ensure(tex, GL_TEXTURE_2D);
-	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
-	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, tex->tex_id);
-	glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, tex->image);
 	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
-
-	return true;
+	return (struct wlr_texture *)texture;
 }
 
-static bool gles2_texture_upload_dmabuf(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture,
-		struct wl_resource *dmabuf_resource) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_texture *tex = gles2_get_texture(wlr_texture);
-	struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *dmabuf =
-		wlr_dmabuf_buffer_from_buffer_resource(dmabuf_resource);
+struct wlr_texture *gles2_texture_from_wl_drm(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
+		struct wl_resource *data) {
+	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer = gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
 
-	if (!tex->egl->egl_exts.dmabuf_import) {
-		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Want dmabuf but extension not present");
-		return false;
+	if (!eglQueryWaylandBufferWL || !eglCreateImageKHR ||
+			!glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES) {
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	tex->wlr_texture.width = dmabuf->attributes.width;
-	tex->wlr_texture.height = dmabuf->attributes.height;
+	EGLint fmt;
+	if (!eglQueryWaylandBufferWL(renderer->egl->display, data,
+			EGL_TEXTURE_FORMAT, &fmt)) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
 
-	if (tex->image) {
-		wlr_egl_destroy_image(tex->egl, tex->image);
+	EGLint width, height;
+	eglQueryWaylandBufferWL(renderer->egl->display, data, EGL_WIDTH, &width);
+	eglQueryWaylandBufferWL(renderer->egl->display, data, EGL_HEIGHT, &height);
+
+	EGLint inverted_y;
+	if (!eglQueryWaylandBufferWL(renderer->egl->display, data,
+			EGL_WAYLAND_Y_INVERTED_WL, &inverted_y)) {
+		inverted_y = 0;
 	}
 
-	if (wlr_dmabuf_buffer_has_inverted_y(dmabuf)) {
-		wlr_texture->inverted_y = true;
+	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture =
+		calloc(1, sizeof(struct wlr_gles2_texture));
+	if (texture == NULL) {
+		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Allocation failed");
+		return NULL;
 	}
+	wlr_texture_init(&texture->wlr_texture, &texture_impl);
+	texture->renderer = renderer;
+	texture->width = width;
+	texture->height = height;
+	texture->wl_drm = data;
+	texture->inverted_y = !!inverted_y;
 
 	GLenum target;
-	const struct gles2_pixel_format *pf;
-	if (dmabuf->attributes.n_planes > 1) {
-		target = GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES;
-		pf = &external_pixel_format;
-	} else {
+	switch (fmt) {
+	case EGL_TEXTURE_RGB:
+	case EGL_TEXTURE_RGBA:
 		target = GL_TEXTURE_2D;
-		pf = gles2_format_from_wl(WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB8888);
+		texture->type = WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_WL_DRM_GL;
+		texture->has_alpha = fmt == EGL_TEXTURE_RGBA;
+		break;
+	case EGL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_WL:
+		target = GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES;
+		texture->type = WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_WL_DRM_EXT;
+		texture->has_alpha = true;
+		break;
+	default:
+		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Invalid or unsupported EGL buffer format");
+		free(texture);
+		return NULL;
 	}
-	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
-	gles2_texture_ensure(tex, target);
-	glBindTexture(target, tex->tex_id);
-	tex->image = wlr_egl_create_image_from_dmabuf(tex->egl, &dmabuf->attributes);
-	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
-	glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES(target, tex->image);
-	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
-	tex->pixel_format = pf;
-	tex->wlr_texture.valid = true;
-	return true;
-}
 
-static bool gles2_texture_get_dmabuf_size(struct wlr_texture *texture, struct
-		wl_resource *resource, int *width, int *height) {
-	if (!wlr_dmabuf_resource_is_buffer(resource)) {
-		return false;
+	EGLint attribs[] = {
+		EGL_WAYLAND_PLANE_WL, 0,
+		EGL_NONE,
+	};
+	texture->image = eglCreateImageKHR(renderer->egl->display,
+		renderer->egl->context, EGL_WAYLAND_BUFFER_WL, data, attribs);
+	if (texture->image == NULL) {
+		free(texture);
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *dmabuf =
-		wlr_dmabuf_buffer_from_buffer_resource(resource);
-	*width = dmabuf->attributes.width;
-	*height = dmabuf->attributes.height;
-	return true;
-}
-
-static void gles2_texture_get_buffer_size(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-		struct wl_resource *resource, int *width, int *height) {
-	struct wl_shm_buffer *buffer = wl_shm_buffer_get(resource);
-	if (!buffer) {
-		struct wlr_gles2_texture *tex = (struct wlr_gles2_texture *)texture;
-		if (!glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES) {
-			return;
-		}
-		if (!wlr_egl_query_buffer(tex->egl, resource, EGL_WIDTH,
-				(EGLint*)width)) {
-			if (!gles2_texture_get_dmabuf_size(texture, resource, width,
-					height)) {
-				wlr_log(L_ERROR, "could not get size of the buffer");
-				return;
-			}
-		}
-		wlr_egl_query_buffer(tex->egl, resource, EGL_HEIGHT, (EGLint*)height);
+	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
 
-		return;
-	}
+	glGenTextures(1, &texture->image_tex);
+	glBindTexture(target, texture->image_tex);
+	glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES(target, texture->image);
 
-	*width = wl_shm_buffer_get_width(buffer);
-	*height = wl_shm_buffer_get_height(buffer);
+	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
+	return (struct wlr_texture *)texture;
 }
 
-static void gles2_texture_destroy(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture = gles2_get_texture(wlr_texture);
+struct wlr_texture *gles2_texture_from_dmabuf(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
+		struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs *attribs) {
+	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer = gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
 
-	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&texture->wlr_texture.destroy_signal,
-		&texture->wlr_texture);
-	if (texture->tex_id) {
-		GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
-		glDeleteTextures(1, &texture->tex_id);
-		GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
+	if (!glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES) {
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	if (texture->image) {
-		wlr_egl_destroy_image(texture->egl, texture->image);
+	if (!renderer->egl->egl_exts.dmabuf_import) {
+		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Cannot create DMA-BUF texture: EGL extension "
+			"unavailable");
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	free(texture);
-}
-
-static const struct wlr_texture_impl texture_impl = {
-	.upload_pixels = gles2_texture_upload_pixels,
-	.update_pixels = gles2_texture_update_pixels,
-	.upload_shm = gles2_texture_upload_shm,
-	.update_shm = gles2_texture_update_shm,
-	.upload_drm = gles2_texture_upload_drm,
-	.upload_dmabuf = gles2_texture_upload_dmabuf,
-	.upload_eglimage = gles2_texture_upload_eglimage,
-	.get_buffer_size = gles2_texture_get_buffer_size,
-	.destroy = gles2_texture_destroy,
-};
-
-struct wlr_texture *gles2_texture_create(struct wlr_egl *egl) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture;
-	if (!(texture = calloc(1, sizeof(struct wlr_gles2_texture)))) {
+	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture =
+		calloc(1, sizeof(struct wlr_gles2_texture));
+	if (texture == NULL) {
+		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Allocation failed");
 		return NULL;
 	}
 	wlr_texture_init(&texture->wlr_texture, &texture_impl);
-	texture->egl = egl;
-	return &texture->wlr_texture;
+	texture->renderer = renderer;
+	texture->width = attribs->width;
+	texture->height = attribs->height;
+	texture->type = WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_DMABUF;
+	texture->has_alpha = true;
+	texture->inverted_y =
+		(attribs->flags & WLR_DMABUF_BUFFER_ATTRIBS_FLAGS_Y_INVERT) != 0;
+
+	texture->image = wlr_egl_create_image_from_dmabuf(renderer->egl, attribs);
+	if (texture->image == NULL) {
+		free(texture);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
+
+	glGenTextures(1, &texture->image_tex);
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, texture->image_tex);
+	glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, texture->image);
+
+	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
+	return (struct wlr_texture *)texture;
 }
diff --git a/render/wlr_renderer.c b/render/wlr_renderer.c
index 622aa1dd..d5a4d19f 100644
--- a/render/wlr_renderer.c
+++ b/render/wlr_renderer.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include <assert.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <wlr/render/interface.h>
@@ -6,6 +7,15 @@
 
 void wlr_renderer_init(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
 		const struct wlr_renderer_impl *impl) {
+	assert(impl->begin);
+	assert(impl->clear);
+	assert(impl->scissor);
+	assert(impl->render_texture_with_matrix);
+	assert(impl->render_quad);
+	assert(impl->render_ellipse);
+	assert(impl->formats);
+	assert(impl->format_supported);
+	assert(impl->texture_from_pixels);
 	renderer->impl = impl;
 }
 
@@ -22,7 +32,9 @@ void wlr_renderer_begin(struct wlr_renderer *r, int width, int height) {
 }
 
 void wlr_renderer_end(struct wlr_renderer *r) {
-	r->impl->end(r);
+	if (r->impl->end) {
+		r->impl->end(r);
+	}
 }
 
 void wlr_renderer_clear(struct wlr_renderer *r, const float color[static 4]) {
@@ -33,16 +45,15 @@ void wlr_renderer_scissor(struct wlr_renderer *r, struct wlr_box *box) {
 	r->impl->scissor(r, box);
 }
 
-struct wlr_texture *wlr_render_texture_create(struct wlr_renderer *r) {
-	return r->impl->texture_create(r);
-}
-
 bool wlr_render_texture(struct wlr_renderer *r, struct wlr_texture *texture,
 		const float projection[static 9], int x, int y, float alpha) {
+	int width, height;
+	wlr_texture_get_size(texture, &width, &height);
+
 	float mat[9];
 	wlr_matrix_identity(mat);
 	wlr_matrix_translate(mat, x, y);
-	wlr_matrix_scale(mat, texture->width, texture->height);
+	wlr_matrix_scale(mat, width, height);
 	wlr_matrix_multiply(mat, projection, mat);
 
 	return wlr_render_texture_with_matrix(r, texture, mat, alpha);
@@ -69,15 +80,29 @@ const enum wl_shm_format *wlr_renderer_get_formats(
 	return r->impl->formats(r, len);
 }
 
-bool wlr_renderer_buffer_is_drm(struct wlr_renderer *r,
-		struct wl_resource *buffer) {
-	return r->impl->buffer_is_drm(r, buffer);
+bool wlr_renderer_resource_is_wl_drm_buffer(struct wlr_renderer *r,
+		struct wl_resource *resource) {
+	if (!r->impl->resource_is_wl_drm_buffer) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	return r->impl->resource_is_wl_drm_buffer(r, resource);
+}
+
+void wlr_renderer_wl_drm_buffer_get_size(struct wlr_renderer *r,
+		struct wl_resource *buffer, int *width, int *height) {
+	if (!r->impl->wl_drm_buffer_get_size) {
+		return;
+	}
+	return r->impl->wl_drm_buffer_get_size(r, buffer, width, height);
 }
 
 bool wlr_renderer_read_pixels(struct wlr_renderer *r, enum wl_shm_format fmt,
 		uint32_t stride, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
 		uint32_t src_x, uint32_t src_y, uint32_t dst_x, uint32_t dst_y,
 		void *data) {
+	if (!r->impl->read_pixels) {
+		return false;
+	}
 	return r->impl->read_pixels(r, fmt, stride, width, height, src_x, src_y,
 		dst_x, dst_y, data);
 }
diff --git a/render/wlr_texture.c b/render/wlr_texture.c
index 33c91822..9aecfd98 100644
--- a/render/wlr_texture.c
+++ b/render/wlr_texture.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include <assert.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <wlr/render/interface.h>
@@ -5,8 +6,9 @@
 
 void wlr_texture_init(struct wlr_texture *texture,
 		const struct wlr_texture_impl *impl) {
+	assert(impl->get_size);
+	assert(impl->write_pixels);
 	texture->impl = impl;
-	wl_signal_init(&texture->destroy_signal);
 }
 
 void wlr_texture_destroy(struct wlr_texture *texture) {
@@ -17,45 +19,38 @@ void wlr_texture_destroy(struct wlr_texture *texture) {
 	}
 }
 
-bool wlr_texture_upload_pixels(struct wlr_texture *texture, uint32_t format,
-		int stride, int width, int height, const unsigned char *pixels) {
-	return texture->impl->upload_pixels(texture, format, stride,
-			width, height, pixels);
+struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture_from_pixels(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+		enum wl_shm_format wl_fmt, uint32_t stride, uint32_t width,
+		uint32_t height, const void *data) {
+	return renderer->impl->texture_from_pixels(renderer, wl_fmt, stride, width,
+		height, data);
 }
 
-bool wlr_texture_update_pixels(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-		enum wl_shm_format format, int stride, int x, int y,
-		int width, int height, const unsigned char *pixels) {
-	return texture->impl->update_pixels(texture, format, stride, x, y,
-			width, height, pixels);
-}
-
-bool wlr_texture_upload_shm(struct wlr_texture *texture, uint32_t format,
-		struct wl_shm_buffer *shm) {
-	return texture->impl->upload_shm(texture, format, shm);
-}
-
-bool wlr_texture_update_shm(struct wlr_texture *texture, uint32_t format,
-		int x, int y, int width, int height, struct wl_shm_buffer *shm) {
-	return texture->impl->update_shm(texture, format, x, y, width, height, shm);
-}
-
-bool wlr_texture_upload_drm(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-		struct wl_resource *drm_buffer) {
-	return texture->impl->upload_drm(texture, drm_buffer);
+struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture_from_wl_drm(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+		struct wl_resource *data) {
+	if (!renderer->impl->texture_from_wl_drm) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return renderer->impl->texture_from_wl_drm(renderer, data);
 }
 
-bool wlr_texture_upload_eglimage(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-		EGLImageKHR image, uint32_t width, uint32_t height) {
-	return texture->impl->upload_eglimage(texture, image, width, height);
+struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture_from_dmabuf(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+		struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs *attribs) {
+	if (!renderer->impl->texture_from_dmabuf) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return renderer->impl->texture_from_dmabuf(renderer, attribs);
 }
 
-bool wlr_texture_upload_dmabuf(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-		struct wl_resource *dmabuf_resource) {
-	return texture->impl->upload_dmabuf(texture, dmabuf_resource);
+void wlr_texture_get_size(struct wlr_texture *texture, int *width,
+		int *height) {
+	return texture->impl->get_size(texture, width, height);
 }
 
-void wlr_texture_get_buffer_size(struct wlr_texture *texture, struct wl_resource
-		*resource, int *width, int *height) {
-	texture->impl->get_buffer_size(texture, resource, width, height);
+bool wlr_texture_write_pixels(struct wlr_texture *texture,
+		enum wl_shm_format wl_fmt, uint32_t stride, uint32_t width,
+		uint32_t height, uint32_t src_x, uint32_t src_y, uint32_t dst_x,
+		uint32_t dst_y, const void *data) {
+	return texture->impl->write_pixels(texture, wl_fmt, stride, width, height,
+		src_x, src_y, dst_x, dst_y, data);
 }
diff --git a/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf.c b/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf.c
index a61d0ea5..d2a8bea9 100644
--- a/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf.c
+++ b/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf.c
@@ -19,11 +19,6 @@ static const struct wl_buffer_interface wl_buffer_impl = {
 	wl_buffer_destroy,
 };
 
-bool wlr_dmabuf_buffer_has_inverted_y(struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *dmabuf) {
-	return dmabuf->attributes.flags
-		& ZWP_LINUX_BUFFER_PARAMS_V1_FLAGS_Y_INVERT;
-}
-
 bool wlr_dmabuf_resource_is_buffer(struct wl_resource *buffer_resource) {
 	if (!wl_resource_instance_of(buffer_resource, &wl_buffer_interface,
 		&wl_buffer_impl)) {
diff --git a/types/wlr_output.c b/types/wlr_output.c
index e30c3b78..f95a7ea0 100644
--- a/types/wlr_output.c
+++ b/types/wlr_output.c
@@ -731,15 +731,11 @@ bool wlr_output_cursor_set_image(struct wlr_output_cursor *cursor,
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	if (cursor->texture == NULL) {
-		cursor->texture = wlr_render_texture_create(renderer);
-		if (cursor->texture == NULL) {
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
+	wlr_texture_destroy(cursor->texture);
 
-	return wlr_texture_upload_pixels(cursor->texture, WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB8888,
+	cursor->texture = wlr_texture_from_pixels(renderer, WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB8888,
 		stride, width, height, pixels);
+	return cursor->texture != NULL;
 }
 
 static void output_cursor_commit(struct wlr_output_cursor *cursor) {
@@ -901,9 +897,7 @@ void wlr_output_cursor_destroy(struct wlr_output_cursor *cursor) {
 		}
 		cursor->output->hardware_cursor = NULL;
 	}
-	if (cursor->texture != NULL) {
-		wlr_texture_destroy(cursor->texture);
-	}
+	wlr_texture_destroy(cursor->texture);
 	wl_list_remove(&cursor->link);
 	free(cursor);
 }
diff --git a/types/wlr_surface.c b/types/wlr_surface.c
index e700853a..3be7bdfc 100644
--- a/types/wlr_surface.c
+++ b/types/wlr_surface.c
@@ -155,8 +155,24 @@ static bool wlr_surface_update_size(struct wlr_surface *surface,
 	int scale = state->scale;
 	enum wl_output_transform transform = state->transform;
 
-	wlr_texture_get_buffer_size(surface->texture, state->buffer,
-		&state->buffer_width, &state->buffer_height);
+	struct wl_shm_buffer *buf = wl_shm_buffer_get(state->buffer);
+	if (buf != NULL) {
+		state->buffer_width = wl_shm_buffer_get_width(buf);
+		state->buffer_height = wl_shm_buffer_get_height(buf);
+	} else if (wlr_renderer_resource_is_wl_drm_buffer(surface->renderer,
+			state->buffer)) {
+		wlr_renderer_wl_drm_buffer_get_size(surface->renderer, state->buffer,
+			&state->buffer_width, &state->buffer_height);
+	} else if (wlr_dmabuf_resource_is_buffer(state->buffer)) {
+		struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *dmabuf =
+			wlr_dmabuf_buffer_from_buffer_resource(state->buffer);
+		state->buffer_width = dmabuf->attributes.width;
+		state->buffer_height = dmabuf->attributes.height;
+	} else {
+		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Unknown buffer handle attached");
+		state->buffer_width = 0;
+		state->buffer_height = 0;
+	}
 
 	int width = state->buffer_width / scale;
 	int height = state->buffer_height / scale;
@@ -316,51 +332,65 @@ static void wlr_surface_damage_subsurfaces(struct wlr_subsurface *subsurface) {
 
 static void wlr_surface_apply_damage(struct wlr_surface *surface,
 		bool reupload_buffer) {
-	if (!surface->current->buffer) {
+	struct wl_resource *resource = surface->current->buffer;
+	if (resource == NULL) {
 		return;
 	}
-	struct wl_shm_buffer *buffer = wl_shm_buffer_get(surface->current->buffer);
-	if (!buffer) {
-		if (wlr_renderer_buffer_is_drm(surface->renderer,
-					surface->current->buffer)) {
-			wlr_texture_upload_drm(surface->texture, surface->current->buffer);
-			goto release;
-		} else if (wlr_dmabuf_resource_is_buffer(surface->current->buffer)) {
-			wlr_texture_upload_dmabuf(surface->texture, surface->current->buffer);
-			goto release;
-		} else {
-			wlr_log(L_INFO, "Unknown buffer handle attached");
-			return;
-		}
-	}
 
-	uint32_t format = wl_shm_buffer_get_format(buffer);
-	if (reupload_buffer) {
-		wlr_texture_upload_shm(surface->texture, format, buffer);
-	} else {
-		pixman_region32_t damage;
-		pixman_region32_init(&damage);
-		pixman_region32_copy(&damage, &surface->current->buffer_damage);
-		pixman_region32_intersect_rect(&damage, &damage, 0, 0,
-			surface->current->buffer_width, surface->current->buffer_height);
-
-		int n;
-		pixman_box32_t *rects = pixman_region32_rectangles(&damage, &n);
-		for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-			pixman_box32_t rect = rects[i];
-			if (!wlr_texture_update_shm(surface->texture, format,
-					rect.x1, rect.y1,
-					rect.x2 - rect.x1,
-					rect.y2 - rect.y1,
-					buffer)) {
-				break;
+	struct wl_shm_buffer *buf = wl_shm_buffer_get(resource);
+	if (buf != NULL) {
+		wl_shm_buffer_begin_access(buf);
+
+		enum wl_shm_format fmt = wl_shm_buffer_get_format(buf);
+		int32_t stride = wl_shm_buffer_get_stride(buf);
+		int32_t width = wl_shm_buffer_get_width(buf);
+		int32_t height = wl_shm_buffer_get_height(buf);
+		void *data = wl_shm_buffer_get_data(buf);
+
+		if (surface->texture == NULL || reupload_buffer) {
+			wlr_texture_destroy(surface->texture);
+			surface->texture = wlr_texture_from_pixels(surface->renderer, fmt,
+				stride, width, height, data);
+		} else {
+			pixman_region32_t damage;
+			pixman_region32_init(&damage);
+			pixman_region32_copy(&damage, &surface->current->buffer_damage);
+			pixman_region32_intersect_rect(&damage, &damage, 0, 0,
+				surface->current->buffer_width,
+				surface->current->buffer_height);
+
+			int n;
+			pixman_box32_t *rects = pixman_region32_rectangles(&damage, &n);
+			for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+				pixman_box32_t *r = &rects[i];
+				if (!wlr_texture_write_pixels(surface->texture, fmt, stride,
+						r->x2 - r->x1, r->y2 - r->y1, r->x1, r->y1,
+						r->x1, r->y1, data)) {
+					break;
+				}
 			}
+
+			pixman_region32_fini(&damage);
 		}
 
-		pixman_region32_fini(&damage);
+		wl_shm_buffer_end_access(buf);
+	} else if (!surface->texture || reupload_buffer) {
+		wlr_texture_destroy(surface->texture);
+
+		if (wlr_renderer_resource_is_wl_drm_buffer(surface->renderer, resource)) {
+			surface->texture =
+				wlr_texture_from_wl_drm(surface->renderer, resource);
+		} else if (wlr_dmabuf_resource_is_buffer(resource)) {
+			struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *dmabuf =
+				wlr_dmabuf_buffer_from_buffer_resource(resource);
+			surface->texture =
+				wlr_texture_from_dmabuf(surface->renderer, &dmabuf->attributes);
+		} else {
+			surface->texture = NULL;
+			wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Unknown buffer handle attached");
+		}
 	}
 
-release:
 	wlr_surface_state_release_buffer(surface->current);
 }
 
@@ -375,7 +405,8 @@ static void wlr_surface_commit_pending(struct wlr_surface *surface) {
 	wlr_surface_move_state(surface, surface->pending, surface->current);
 
 	if (null_buffer_commit) {
-		surface->texture->valid = false;
+		wlr_texture_destroy(surface->texture);
+		surface->texture = NULL;
 	}
 
 	bool reupload_buffer = oldw != surface->current->buffer_width ||
@@ -611,7 +642,6 @@ struct wlr_surface *wlr_surface_create(struct wl_resource *res,
 	}
 	wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "New wlr_surface %p (res %p)", surface, res);
 	surface->renderer = renderer;
-	surface->texture = wlr_render_texture_create(renderer);
 	surface->resource = res;
 
 	surface->current = wlr_surface_state_create();
@@ -628,7 +658,7 @@ struct wlr_surface *wlr_surface_create(struct wl_resource *res,
 }
 
 bool wlr_surface_has_buffer(struct wlr_surface *surface) {
-	return surface->texture && surface->texture->valid;
+	return surface->texture != NULL;
 }
 
 int wlr_surface_set_role(struct wlr_surface *surface, const char *role,
diff --git a/types/wlr_xcursor_manager.c b/types/wlr_xcursor_manager.c
index d81b639d..7333a7a1 100644
--- a/types/wlr_xcursor_manager.c
+++ b/types/wlr_xcursor_manager.c
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ void wlr_xcursor_manager_set_cursor_image(struct wlr_xcursor_manager *manager,
 		}
 
 		struct wlr_xcursor_image *image = xcursor->images[0];
-		wlr_cursor_set_image(cursor, image->buffer, image->width,
+		wlr_cursor_set_image(cursor, image->buffer, image->width * 4,
 			image->width, image->height, image->hotspot_x, image->hotspot_y,
 			theme->scale);
 	}