Merge branch 'master' into xdg-positioner

62 files changed, 2881 insertions, 1037 deletions

diff --git a/backend/backend.c b/backend/backend.c
index c67be617..52344dac 100644
--- a/backend/backend.c
+++ b/backend/backend.c
@@ -11,9 +11,14 @@
 #include <wlr/backend/multi.h>
 #include <wlr/backend/session.h>
 #include <wlr/backend/wayland.h>
-#include <wlr/backend/x11.h>
+#include <wlr/config.h>
 #include <wlr/util/log.h>
 
+/* WLR_HAS_X11_BACKEND needs to be after wlr/config.h */
+#ifdef WLR_HAS_X11_BACKEND
+#include <wlr/backend/x11.h>
+#endif
+
 void wlr_backend_init(struct wlr_backend *backend,
 		const struct wlr_backend_impl *impl) {
 	assert(backend);
@@ -94,6 +99,7 @@ struct wlr_backend *wlr_backend_autocreate(struct wl_display *display) {
 		}
 	}
 
+#ifdef WLR_HAS_X11_BACKEND
 	const char *x11_display = getenv("DISPLAY");
 	if (x11_display) {
 		struct wlr_backend *x11_backend =
@@ -101,6 +107,7 @@ struct wlr_backend *wlr_backend_autocreate(struct wl_display *display) {
 		wlr_multi_backend_add(backend, x11_backend);
 		return backend;
 	}
+#endif
 
 	// Attempt DRM+libinput
 	struct wlr_session *session = wlr_session_create(display);
diff --git a/backend/drm/drm.c b/backend/drm/drm.c
index 524e80bb..94bfbc96 100644
--- a/backend/drm/drm.c
+++ b/backend/drm/drm.c
@@ -181,9 +181,6 @@ void wlr_drm_resources_free(struct wlr_drm_backend *drm) {
 		if (plane->cursor_bo) {
 			gbm_bo_destroy(plane->cursor_bo);
 		}
-		if (plane->wlr_tex) {
-			wlr_texture_destroy(plane->wlr_tex);
-		}
 	}
 
 	free(drm->crtcs);
@@ -586,12 +583,6 @@ static bool wlr_drm_connector_set_cursor(struct wlr_output *output,
 			wlr_output_transform_invert(output->transform);
 		wlr_matrix_projection(plane->matrix, plane->surf.width,
 			plane->surf.height, transform);
-
-		plane->wlr_tex =
-			wlr_render_texture_create(plane->surf.renderer->wlr_rend);
-		if (!plane->wlr_tex) {
-			return false;
-		}
 	}
 
 	struct wlr_box hotspot = { .x = hotspot_x, .y = hotspot_y };
@@ -637,13 +628,18 @@ static bool wlr_drm_connector_set_cursor(struct wlr_output *output,
 
 		wlr_drm_surface_make_current(&plane->surf, NULL);
 
-		wlr_texture_upload_pixels(plane->wlr_tex, WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB8888,
-			stride, width, height, buf);
-
 		struct wlr_renderer *rend = plane->surf.renderer->wlr_rend;
+
+		struct wlr_texture *texture = wlr_texture_from_pixels(rend,
+			WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB8888, stride, width, height, buf);
+		if (texture == NULL) {
+			wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Unable to create texture");
+			return false;
+		}
+
 		wlr_renderer_begin(rend, plane->surf.width, plane->surf.height);
 		wlr_renderer_clear(rend, (float[]){ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 });
-		wlr_render_texture(rend, plane->wlr_tex, plane->matrix, 0, 0, 1.0f);
+		wlr_render_texture(rend, texture, plane->matrix, 0, 0, 1.0f);
 		wlr_renderer_end(rend);
 
 		wlr_renderer_read_pixels(rend, WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB8888, bo_stride,
@@ -651,6 +647,7 @@ static bool wlr_drm_connector_set_cursor(struct wlr_output *output,
 
 		wlr_drm_surface_swap_buffers(&plane->surf, NULL);
 
+		wlr_texture_destroy(texture);
 		gbm_bo_unmap(plane->cursor_bo, bo_data);
 	}
 
diff --git a/backend/drm/renderer.c b/backend/drm/renderer.c
index b2998b5f..c1531ce3 100644
--- a/backend/drm/renderer.c
+++ b/backend/drm/renderer.c
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 #include "backend/drm/drm.h"
 #include "glapi.h"
 
+#ifndef DRM_FORMAT_MOD_LINEAR
+#define DRM_FORMAT_MOD_LINEAR 0
+#endif
+
 bool wlr_drm_renderer_init(struct wlr_drm_backend *drm,
 		struct wlr_drm_renderer *renderer) {
 	renderer->gbm = gbm_create_device(drm->fd);
@@ -178,47 +182,33 @@ static void free_eglimage(struct gbm_bo *bo, void *data) {
 static struct wlr_texture *get_tex_for_bo(struct wlr_drm_renderer *renderer,
 		struct gbm_bo *bo) {
 	struct tex *tex = gbm_bo_get_user_data(bo);
-	if (tex) {
+	if (tex != NULL) {
 		return tex->tex;
 	}
 
-	// TODO: use wlr_texture_upload_dmabuf instead
-
-	tex = malloc(sizeof(*tex));
-	if (!tex) {
-		wlr_log_errno(L_ERROR, "Allocation failed");
+	tex = calloc(1, sizeof(struct tex));
+	if (tex == NULL) {
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	tex->egl = &renderer->egl;
-
-	int dmabuf_fd = gbm_bo_get_fd(bo);
-	uint32_t width = gbm_bo_get_width(bo);
-	uint32_t height = gbm_bo_get_height(bo);
-
-	EGLint attribs[] = {
-		EGL_WIDTH, width,
-		EGL_HEIGHT, height,
-		EGL_LINUX_DRM_FOURCC_EXT, gbm_bo_get_format(bo),
-		EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_FD_EXT, dmabuf_fd,
-		EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_OFFSET_EXT, gbm_bo_get_offset(bo, 0),
-		EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_PITCH_EXT, gbm_bo_get_stride_for_plane(bo, 0),
-		EGL_IMAGE_PRESERVED_KHR, EGL_FALSE,
-		EGL_NONE,
+	struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs attribs = {
+		.n_planes = 1,
+		.width = gbm_bo_get_width(bo),
+		.height = gbm_bo_get_height(bo),
+		.format = gbm_bo_get_format(bo),
 	};
-
-	tex->img = eglCreateImageKHR(renderer->egl.display, EGL_NO_CONTEXT,
-		EGL_LINUX_DMA_BUF_EXT, NULL, attribs);
-	if (!tex->img) {
-		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Failed to create EGL image");
-		abort();
+	attribs.offset[0] = 0;
+	attribs.stride[0] = gbm_bo_get_stride_for_plane(bo, 0);
+	attribs.modifier[0] = DRM_FORMAT_MOD_LINEAR;
+	attribs.fd[0] = gbm_bo_get_fd(bo);
+
+	tex->tex = wlr_texture_from_dmabuf(renderer->wlr_rend, &attribs);
+	if (tex->tex == NULL) {
+		free(tex);
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	tex->tex = wlr_render_texture_create(renderer->wlr_rend);
-	wlr_texture_upload_eglimage(tex->tex, tex->img, width, height);
-
 	gbm_bo_set_user_data(bo, tex, free_eglimage);
-
 	return tex->tex;
 }
 
diff --git a/backend/meson.build b/backend/meson.build
index c0ed76f1..a74ea024 100644
--- a/backend/meson.build
+++ b/backend/meson.build
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ backend_files = files(
 	'wayland/output.c',
 	'wayland/registry.c',
 	'wayland/wl_seat.c',
-	'x11/backend.c',
 )
 
 backend_deps = [
@@ -50,6 +49,10 @@ if conf_data.get('WLR_HAS_SYSTEMD', false)
 	backend_deps += systemd
 endif
 
+if conf_data.get('WLR_HAS_X11_BACKEND', false)
+	backend_files += files('x11/backend.c')
+endif
+
 if conf_data.get('WLR_HAS_ELOGIND', false)
 	backend_files += files('session/logind.c')
 	backend_deps += elogind
diff --git a/backend/wayland/output.c b/backend/wayland/output.c
index d528c888..c1fa638a 100644
--- a/backend/wayland/output.c
+++ b/backend/wayland/output.c
@@ -99,8 +99,6 @@ static bool wlr_wl_output_set_cursor(struct wlr_output *_output,
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	stride *= 4; // stride is given in pixels, we need it in bytes
-
 	if (!backend->shm || !backend->pointer) {
 		wlr_log(L_INFO, "cannot set cursor, no shm or pointer");
 		return false;
diff --git a/backend/x11/backend.c b/backend/x11/backend.c
index dd2c0a6e..36d72d9e 100644
--- a/backend/x11/backend.c
+++ b/backend/x11/backend.c
@@ -326,9 +326,6 @@ static void wlr_x11_backend_destroy(struct wlr_backend *backend) {
 	wl_event_source_remove(x11->frame_timer);
 	wlr_egl_finish(&x11->egl);
 
-	if (x11->xcb_conn) {
-		xcb_disconnect(x11->xcb_conn);
-	}
 	if (x11->xlib_conn) {
 		XCloseDisplay(x11->xlib_conn);
 	}
@@ -428,7 +425,6 @@ struct wlr_backend *wlr_x11_backend_create(struct wl_display *display,
 error_event:
 	wl_event_source_remove(x11->event_source);
 error_x11:
-	xcb_disconnect(x11->xcb_conn);
 	XCloseDisplay(x11->xlib_conn);
 	free(x11);
 	return NULL;
diff --git a/examples/layer-shell.c b/examples/layer-shell.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..70407888
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/layer-shell.c
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 199309L
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <GLES2/gl2.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <wayland-client.h>
+#include <wayland-egl.h>
+#include <wlr/render/egl.h>
+#include <wlr/util/log.h>
+#include "wlr-layer-shell-unstable-v1-client-protocol.h"
+
+static struct wl_compositor *compositor = NULL;
+static struct zwlr_layer_shell_v1 *layer_shell = NULL;
+struct zwlr_layer_surface_v1 *layer_surface;
+static struct wl_output *wl_output = NULL;
+
+struct wl_surface *wl_surface;
+struct wlr_egl egl;
+struct wl_egl_window *egl_window;
+struct wlr_egl_surface *egl_surface;
+struct wl_callback *frame_callback;
+
+static uint32_t output = 0;
+static uint32_t layer = ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_BACKGROUND;
+static uint32_t anchor = 0;
+static uint32_t width = 256, height = 256;
+static int32_t margin_top = 0;
+static double alpha = 1.0;
+static bool run_display = true;
+static bool animate = false;
+static double frame = 0;
+
+static struct {
+	struct timespec last_frame;
+	float color[3];
+	int dec;
+} demo;
+
+static void draw(void);
+
+static void surface_frame_callback(
+		void *data, struct wl_callback *cb, uint32_t time) {
+	wl_callback_destroy(cb);
+	frame_callback = NULL;
+	draw();
+}
+
+static struct wl_callback_listener frame_listener = {
+	.done = surface_frame_callback
+};
+
+static void draw(void) {
+	eglMakeCurrent(egl.display, egl_surface, egl_surface, egl.context);
+
+	struct timespec ts;
+	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
+
+	long ms = (ts.tv_sec - demo.last_frame.tv_sec) * 1000 +
+		(ts.tv_nsec - demo.last_frame.tv_nsec) / 1000000;
+	int inc = (demo.dec + 1) % 3;
+
+	demo.color[inc] += ms / 2000.0f;
+	demo.color[demo.dec] -= ms / 2000.0f;
+
+	if (demo.color[demo.dec] < 0.0f) {
+		demo.color[inc] = 1.0f;
+		demo.color[demo.dec] = 0.0f;
+		demo.dec = inc;
+	}
+
+	if (animate) {
+		frame += ms / 50.0;
+		int32_t old_top = margin_top;
+		margin_top = -(20 - ((int)frame % 20));
+		if (old_top != margin_top) {
+			zwlr_layer_surface_v1_set_margin(layer_surface,
+					margin_top, 0, 0, 0);
+			wl_surface_commit(wl_surface);
+		}
+	}
+
+	glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
+	glClearColor(demo.color[0], demo.color[1], demo.color[2], alpha);
+	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
+
+	frame_callback = wl_surface_frame(wl_surface);
+	wl_callback_add_listener(frame_callback, &frame_listener, NULL);
+
+	eglSwapBuffers(egl.display, egl_surface);
+
+	demo.last_frame = ts;
+}
+
+static void layer_surface_configure(void *data,
+		struct zwlr_layer_surface_v1 *surface,
+		uint32_t serial, uint32_t w, uint32_t h) {
+	width = w;
+	height = h;
+	if (egl_window) {
+		wl_egl_window_resize(egl_window, width, height, 0, 0);
+	}
+	zwlr_layer_surface_v1_ack_configure(surface, serial);
+}
+
+static void layer_surface_closed(void *data,
+		struct zwlr_layer_surface_v1 *surface) {
+	eglDestroySurface(egl.display, egl_surface);
+	wl_egl_window_destroy(egl_window);
+	zwlr_layer_surface_v1_destroy(surface);
+	wl_surface_destroy(wl_surface);
+	run_display = false;
+}
+
+struct zwlr_layer_surface_v1_listener layer_surface_listener = {
+	.configure = layer_surface_configure,
+	.closed = layer_surface_closed,
+};
+
+static void handle_global(void *data, struct wl_registry *registry,
+		uint32_t name, const char *interface, uint32_t version) {
+	if (strcmp(interface, "wl_compositor") == 0) {
+		compositor = wl_registry_bind(registry, name,
+				&wl_compositor_interface, 1);
+	} else if (strcmp(interface, "wl_output") == 0) {
+		if (output == 0 && !wl_output) {
+			wl_output = wl_registry_bind(registry, name,
+					&wl_output_interface, 1);
+		} else {
+			output--;
+		}
+	} else if (strcmp(interface, zwlr_layer_shell_v1_interface.name) == 0) {
+		layer_shell = wl_registry_bind(
+				registry, name, &zwlr_layer_shell_v1_interface, 1);
+	}
+}
+
+static void handle_global_remove(void *data, struct wl_registry *registry,
+		uint32_t name) {
+	// who cares
+}
+
+static const struct wl_registry_listener registry_listener = {
+	.global = handle_global,
+	.global_remove = handle_global_remove,
+};
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+	wlr_log_init(L_DEBUG, NULL);
+	char *namespace = "wlroots";
+	int exclusive_zone = 0;
+	int32_t margin_right = 0, margin_bottom = 0, margin_left = 0;
+	bool found;
+	int c;
+	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "nw:h:o:l:a:x:m:t:")) != -1) {
+		switch (c) {
+		case 'o':
+			output = atoi(optarg);
+			break;
+		case 'w':
+			width = atoi(optarg);
+			break;
+		case 'h':
+			height = atoi(optarg);
+			break;
+		case 'x':
+			exclusive_zone = atoi(optarg);
+			break;
+		case 'l': {
+			struct {
+				char *name;
+				enum zwlr_layer_shell_v1_layer value;
+			} layers[] = {
+				{ "background", ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_BACKGROUND },
+				{ "bottom", ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_BOTTOM },
+				{ "top", ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_TOP },
+				{ "overlay", ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_OVERLAY },
+			};
+			found = false;
+			for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(layers) / sizeof(layers[0]); ++i) {
+				if (strcmp(optarg, layers[i].name) == 0) {
+					layer = layers[i].value;
+					found = true;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (!found) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "invalid layer %s\n", optarg);
+				return 1;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		case 'a': {
+			struct {
+				char *name;
+				uint32_t value;
+			} anchors[] = {
+				{ "top", ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_TOP },
+				{ "bottom", ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_BOTTOM },
+				{ "left", ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_LEFT },
+				{ "right", ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_RIGHT },
+			};
+			found = false;
+			for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(anchors) / sizeof(anchors[0]); ++i) {
+				if (strcmp(optarg, anchors[i].name) == 0) {
+					anchor |= anchors[i].value;
+					found = true;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			if (!found) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "invalid anchor %s\n", optarg);
+				return 1;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		case 't':
+			alpha = atof(optarg);
+			break;
+		case 'm': {
+			char *endptr = optarg;
+			margin_top = strtol(endptr, &endptr, 10);
+			assert(*endptr == ',');
+			margin_right = strtol(endptr + 1, &endptr, 10);
+			assert(*endptr == ',');
+			margin_bottom = strtol(endptr + 1, &endptr, 10);
+			assert(*endptr == ',');
+			margin_left = strtol(endptr + 1, &endptr, 10);
+			assert(!*endptr);
+			break;
+		}
+		case 'n':
+			animate = true;
+			break;
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	struct wl_display *display = wl_display_connect(NULL);
+	if (display == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create display\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	struct wl_registry *registry = wl_display_get_registry(display);
+	wl_registry_add_listener(registry, &registry_listener, NULL);
+	wl_display_roundtrip(display);
+
+	if (compositor == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "wl-compositor not available\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (layer_shell == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "layer-shell not available\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (wl_output == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "wl_output not available\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	EGLint attribs[] = { EGL_ALPHA_SIZE, 8, EGL_NONE };
+	wlr_egl_init(&egl, EGL_PLATFORM_WAYLAND_EXT, display,
+			attribs, WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB8888);
+
+	wl_surface = wl_compositor_create_surface(compositor);
+	assert(wl_surface);
+
+	layer_surface = zwlr_layer_shell_v1_get_layer_surface(layer_shell,
+				wl_surface, wl_output, layer, namespace);
+	assert(layer_surface);
+	zwlr_layer_surface_v1_set_size(layer_surface, width, height);
+	zwlr_layer_surface_v1_set_anchor(layer_surface, anchor);
+	zwlr_layer_surface_v1_set_exclusive_zone(layer_surface, exclusive_zone);
+	zwlr_layer_surface_v1_set_margin(layer_surface,
+			margin_top, margin_right, margin_bottom, margin_left);
+	zwlr_layer_surface_v1_add_listener(layer_surface,
+				   &layer_surface_listener, layer_surface);
+	// TODO: interactivity
+	wl_surface_commit(wl_surface);
+	wl_display_roundtrip(display);
+
+	egl_window = wl_egl_window_create(wl_surface, width, height);
+	assert(egl_window);
+	egl_surface = wlr_egl_create_surface(&egl, egl_window);
+	assert(egl_surface);
+
+	wl_display_roundtrip(display);
+	draw();
+
+	while (wl_display_dispatch(display) != -1 && run_display) {
+		// This space intentionally left blank
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/examples/meson.build b/examples/meson.build
index a83def8f..558af4ac 100644
--- a/examples/meson.build
+++ b/examples/meson.build
@@ -48,3 +48,9 @@ executable(
 	dependencies: [wayland_client, wlr_protos, wlroots, threads],
 	link_with: lib_shared,
 )
+
+executable(
+	'layer-shell',
+	'layer-shell.c',
+	dependencies: [wayland_client, wlr_protos, wlroots]
+)
diff --git a/examples/multi-pointer.c b/examples/multi-pointer.c
index 43ccdb66..1f869f50 100644
--- a/examples/multi-pointer.c
+++ b/examples/multi-pointer.c
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ static void handle_input_add(struct compositor_state *state,
 		sample->compositor);
 
 	struct wlr_xcursor_image *image = sample->xcursor->images[0];
-	wlr_cursor_set_image(cursor->cursor, image->buffer, image->width,
+	wlr_cursor_set_image(cursor->cursor, image->buffer, image->width * 4,
 		image->width, image->height, image->hotspot_x, image->hotspot_y, 0);
 
 	wl_list_insert(&sample->cursors, &cursor->link);
diff --git a/examples/output-layout.c b/examples/output-layout.c
index 45d896b0..c1392a30 100644
--- a/examples/output-layout.c
+++ b/examples/output-layout.c
@@ -197,9 +197,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 	compositor_init(&compositor);
 
 	state.renderer = wlr_gles2_renderer_create(compositor.backend);
-	state.cat_texture = wlr_render_texture_create(state.renderer);
-	wlr_texture_upload_pixels(state.cat_texture, WL_SHM_FORMAT_ABGR8888,
-		cat_tex.width, cat_tex.width, cat_tex.height, cat_tex.pixel_data);
+	state.cat_texture = wlr_texture_from_pixels(state.renderer,
+		WL_SHM_FORMAT_ABGR8888, cat_tex.width * 4, cat_tex.width, cat_tex.height,
+		cat_tex.pixel_data);
 
 	if (!wlr_backend_start(compositor.backend)) {
 		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Failed to start backend");
diff --git a/examples/pointer.c b/examples/pointer.c
index e8a0e892..9794e6e5 100644
--- a/examples/pointer.c
+++ b/examples/pointer.c
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ static void handle_output_add(struct output_state *ostate) {
 		sample->compositor);
 
 	struct wlr_xcursor_image *image = sample->xcursor->images[0];
-	wlr_cursor_set_image(sample->cursor, image->buffer, image->width,
+	wlr_cursor_set_image(sample->cursor, image->buffer, image->width * 4,
 		image->width, image->height, image->hotspot_x, image->hotspot_y, 0);
 
 	wlr_cursor_warp(sample->cursor, NULL, sample->cursor->x, sample->cursor->y);
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 	}
 
 	struct wlr_xcursor_image *image = state.xcursor->images[0];
-	wlr_cursor_set_image(state.cursor, image->buffer, image->width,
+	wlr_cursor_set_image(state.cursor, image->buffer, image->width * 4,
 		image->width, image->height, image->hotspot_x, image->hotspot_y, 0);
 
 	compositor_init(&compositor);
diff --git a/examples/rotation.c b/examples/rotation.c
index cbff09a1..dfafeeca 100644
--- a/examples/rotation.c
+++ b/examples/rotation.c
@@ -142,13 +142,13 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Could not start compositor, OOM");
 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}
-	state.cat_texture = wlr_render_texture_create(state.renderer);
+	state.cat_texture = wlr_texture_from_pixels(state.renderer,
+		WL_SHM_FORMAT_ABGR8888, cat_tex.width * 4, cat_tex.width, cat_tex.height,
+		cat_tex.pixel_data);
 	if (!state.cat_texture) {
 		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Could not start compositor, OOM");
 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}
-	wlr_texture_upload_pixels(state.cat_texture, WL_SHM_FORMAT_ABGR8888,
-		cat_tex.width, cat_tex.width, cat_tex.height, cat_tex.pixel_data);
 
 	if (!wlr_backend_start(compositor.backend)) {
 		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Failed to start backend");
diff --git a/examples/tablet.c b/examples/tablet.c
index 65c559cb..9379fac3 100644
--- a/examples/tablet.c
+++ b/examples/tablet.c
@@ -49,7 +49,6 @@ static void handle_output_frame(struct output_state *output, struct timespec *ts
 	wlr_renderer_begin(sample->renderer, wlr_output->width, wlr_output->height);
 	wlr_renderer_clear(sample->renderer, (float[]){0.25f, 0.25f, 0.25f, 1});
 
-	float matrix[9];
 	float distance = 0.8f * (1 - sample->distance);
 	float tool_color[4] = { distance, distance, distance, 1 };
 	for (size_t i = 0; sample->button && i < 4; ++i) {
@@ -61,12 +60,12 @@ static void handle_output_frame(struct output_state *output, struct timespec *ts
 	float pad_height = sample->height_mm * scale;
 	float left = width / 2.0f - pad_width / 2.0f;
 	float top = height / 2.0f - pad_height / 2.0f;
-	struct wlr_box box = {
+	const struct wlr_box box = {
 		.x = left, .y = top,
 		.width = pad_width, .height = pad_height,
 	};
-	wlr_matrix_project_box(matrix, &box, 0, 0, wlr_output->transform_matrix);
-	wlr_render_colored_quad(sample->renderer, sample->pad_color, matrix);
+	wlr_render_rect(sample->renderer, &box, sample->pad_color,
+		wlr_output->transform_matrix);
 
 	if (sample->proximity) {
 		struct wlr_box box = {
@@ -75,16 +74,17 @@ static void handle_output_frame(struct output_state *output, struct timespec *ts
 			.width = 16 * (sample->pressure + 1),
 			.height = 16 * (sample->pressure + 1),
 		};
-		wlr_matrix_project_box(matrix, &box, 0, sample->ring,
-			wlr_output->transform_matrix);
-		wlr_render_colored_quad(sample->renderer, tool_color, matrix);
+		float matrix[9];
+		wlr_matrix_project_box(matrix, &box, WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_NORMAL,
+			sample->ring, wlr_output->transform_matrix);
+		wlr_render_quad_with_matrix(sample->renderer, tool_color, matrix);
+
 		box.x += sample->x_tilt;
 		box.y += sample->y_tilt;
 		box.width /= 2;
 		box.height /= 2;
-		wlr_matrix_project_box(matrix, &box, 0, 0,
+		wlr_render_rect(sample->renderer, &box, tool_color,
 			wlr_output->transform_matrix);
-		wlr_render_colored_quad(sample->renderer, tool_color, matrix);
 	}
 
 	wlr_renderer_end(sample->renderer);
diff --git a/examples/touch.c b/examples/touch.c
index f9c496cf..7639165c 100644
--- a/examples/touch.c
+++ b/examples/touch.c
@@ -45,10 +45,13 @@ static void handle_output_frame(struct output_state *output, struct timespec *ts
 	wlr_renderer_begin(sample->renderer, wlr_output->width, wlr_output->height);
 	wlr_renderer_clear(sample->renderer, (float[]){0.25f, 0.25f, 0.25f, 1});
 
+	int tex_width, tex_height;
+	wlr_texture_get_size(sample->cat_texture, &tex_width, &tex_height);
+
 	struct touch_point *p;
 	wl_list_for_each(p, &sample->touch_points, link) {
-		int x = (int)(p->x * width) - sample->cat_texture->width / 2;
-		int y = (int)(p->y * height) - sample->cat_texture->height / 2;
+		int x = (int)(p->x * width) - tex_width / 2;
+		int y = (int)(p->y * height) - tex_height / 2;
 		wlr_render_texture(sample->renderer, sample->cat_texture,
 			wlr_output->transform_matrix, x, y, 1.0f);
 	}
@@ -110,13 +113,13 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Could not start compositor, OOM");
 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}
-	state.cat_texture = wlr_render_texture_create(state.renderer);
+	state.cat_texture = wlr_texture_from_pixels(state.renderer,
+		WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB8888, cat_tex.width * 4, cat_tex.width, cat_tex.height,
+		cat_tex.pixel_data);
 	if (!state.cat_texture) {
 		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Could not start compositor, OOM");
 		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 	}
-	wlr_texture_upload_pixels(state.cat_texture, WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB8888,
-		cat_tex.width, cat_tex.width, cat_tex.height, cat_tex.pixel_data);
 
 	if (!wlr_backend_start(compositor.backend)) {
 		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Failed to start backend");
diff --git a/include/backend/drm/drm.h b/include/backend/drm/drm.h
index 26189340..cb10ad20 100644
--- a/include/backend/drm/drm.h
+++ b/include/backend/drm/drm.h
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ struct wlr_drm_plane {
 
 	// Only used by cursor
 	float matrix[9];
-	struct wlr_texture *wlr_tex;
 	struct gbm_bo *cursor_bo;
 	bool cursor_enabled;
 	int32_t cursor_hotspot_x, cursor_hotspot_y;
diff --git a/include/render/gles2.h b/include/render/gles2.h
index 43a8d648..32cb3221 100644
--- a/include/render/gles2.h
+++ b/include/render/gles2.h
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ struct wlr_gles2_renderer {
 	struct wlr_renderer wlr_renderer;
 
 	struct wlr_egl *egl;
+	const char *exts_str;
 
 	struct {
 		GLuint quad;
@@ -38,21 +39,49 @@ struct wlr_gles2_renderer {
 	} shaders;
 };
 
+enum wlr_gles2_texture_type {
+	WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_GLTEX,
+	WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_WL_DRM_GL,
+	WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_WL_DRM_EXT,
+	WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_DMABUF,
+};
+
 struct wlr_gles2_texture {
 	struct wlr_texture wlr_texture;
 
-	struct wlr_egl *egl;
-	GLuint tex_id;
-	const struct gles2_pixel_format *pixel_format;
+	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer;
+	enum wlr_gles2_texture_type type;
+	int width, height;
+	bool has_alpha;
+	bool inverted_y;
+
+	// Not set if WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_GLTEX
 	EGLImageKHR image;
-	GLenum target;
+	GLuint image_tex;
+
+	union {
+		GLuint gl_tex;
+		struct wl_resource *wl_drm;
+	};
 };
 
 const struct gles2_pixel_format *gles2_format_from_wl(enum wl_shm_format fmt);
 const enum wl_shm_format *gles2_formats(size_t *len);
 
-struct wlr_texture *gles2_texture_create();
-struct wlr_gles2_texture *gles2_get_texture(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture);
+struct wlr_gles2_renderer *gles2_get_renderer(
+	struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer);
+struct wlr_gles2_renderer *gles2_get_renderer_in_context(
+	struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer);
+
+struct wlr_gles2_texture *gles2_get_texture_in_context(
+	struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture);
+struct wlr_texture *gles2_texture_from_pixels(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
+	enum wl_shm_format wl_fmt, uint32_t stride, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+	const void *data);
+struct wlr_texture *gles2_texture_from_wl_drm(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
+	struct wl_resource *data);
+struct wlr_texture *gles2_texture_from_dmabuf(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
+	struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs *attribs);
 
 void gles2_push_marker(const char *file, const char *func);
 void gles2_pop_marker(void);
diff --git a/include/rootston/config.h b/include/rootston/config.h
index 9926d9c2..0a67ac1e 100644
--- a/include/rootston/config.h
+++ b/include/rootston/config.h
@@ -66,8 +66,10 @@ struct roots_config {
 	struct wl_list bindings;
 	struct wl_list keyboards;
 	struct wl_list cursors;
+
 	char *config_path;
 	char *startup_cmd;
+	bool debug_damage_tracking;
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/include/rootston/desktop.h b/include/rootston/desktop.h
index 5986c96f..5714aa0a 100644
--- a/include/rootston/desktop.h
+++ b/include/rootston/desktop.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_compositor.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_gamma_control.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_idle.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_layer_shell.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_list.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_output_layout.h>
@@ -48,12 +49,14 @@ struct roots_desktop {
 	struct wlr_idle *idle;
 	struct wlr_idle_inhibit_manager_v1 *idle_inhibit;
 	struct wlr_linux_dmabuf *linux_dmabuf;
+	struct wlr_layer_shell *layer_shell;
 
 	struct wl_listener new_output;
 	struct wl_listener layout_change;
 	struct wl_listener xdg_shell_v6_surface;
 	struct wl_listener xdg_shell_surface;
 	struct wl_listener wl_shell_surface;
+	struct wl_listener layer_shell_surface;
 	struct wl_listener decoration_new;
 
 #ifdef WLR_HAS_XWAYLAND
@@ -83,10 +86,12 @@ void view_update_size(struct roots_view *view, uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
 void view_initial_focus(struct roots_view *view);
 void view_map(struct roots_view *view, struct wlr_surface *surface);
 void view_unmap(struct roots_view *view);
+void view_arrange_maximized(struct roots_view *view);
 
 void handle_xdg_shell_v6_surface(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
 void handle_xdg_shell_surface(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
 void handle_wl_shell_surface(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
+void handle_layer_shell_surface(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
 void handle_xwayland_surface(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/rootston/layers.h b/include/rootston/layers.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35f5399e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/rootston/layers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#ifndef ROOTSTON_LAYERS_H
+#define ROOTSTON_LAYERS_H
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <wlr/config.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_box.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_surface.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_layer_shell.h>
+
+struct roots_layer_surface {
+	struct wlr_layer_surface *layer_surface;
+	struct wl_list link;
+
+	struct wl_listener destroy;
+	struct wl_listener map;
+	struct wl_listener unmap;
+	struct wl_listener surface_commit;
+	struct wl_listener output_destroy;
+	struct wl_listener output_mode;
+	struct wl_listener output_transform;
+
+	bool configured;
+	struct wlr_box geo;
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/include/rootston/output.h b/include/rootston/output.h
index a852a204..e40ad776 100644
--- a/include/rootston/output.h
+++ b/include/rootston/output.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <pixman.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <wayland-server.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_box.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_output_damage.h>
 
 struct roots_desktop;
@@ -14,10 +15,13 @@ struct roots_output {
 	struct wl_list link; // roots_desktop:outputs
 
 	struct roots_view *fullscreen_view;
+	struct wl_list layers[4]; // layer_surface::link
 
 	struct timespec last_frame;
 	struct wlr_output_damage *damage;
 
+	struct wlr_box usable_area;
+
 	struct wl_listener destroy;
 	struct wl_listener damage_frame;
 	struct wl_listener damage_destroy;
@@ -35,5 +39,9 @@ void output_damage_from_view(struct roots_output *output,
 	struct roots_view *view);
 void output_damage_whole_drag_icon(struct roots_output *output,
 	struct roots_drag_icon *icon);
+void output_damage_from_local_surface(struct roots_output *output,
+	struct wlr_surface *surface, double ox, double oy, float rotation);
+void output_damage_whole_local_surface(struct roots_output *output,
+	struct wlr_surface *surface, double ox, double oy, float rotation);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/rootston/view.h b/include/rootston/view.h
index 775f3d11..6e746e8c 100644
--- a/include/rootston/view.h
+++ b/include/rootston/view.h
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #ifndef ROOTSTON_VIEW_H
 #define ROOTSTON_VIEW_H
-
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <wlr/config.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_box.h>
@@ -177,6 +176,8 @@ struct roots_xdg_popup_v6 {
 	struct roots_view_child view_child;
 	struct wlr_xdg_popup_v6 *wlr_popup;
 	struct wl_listener destroy;
+	struct wl_listener map;
+	struct wl_listener unmap;
 	struct wl_listener new_popup;
 };
 
@@ -184,6 +185,8 @@ struct roots_xdg_popup {
 	struct roots_view_child view_child;
 	struct wlr_xdg_popup *wlr_popup;
 	struct wl_listener destroy;
+	struct wl_listener map;
+	struct wl_listener unmap;
 	struct wl_listener new_popup;
 };
 
diff --git a/include/wlr/render/egl.h b/include/wlr/render/egl.h
index aa429e8e..20127e38 100644
--- a/include/wlr/render/egl.h
+++ b/include/wlr/render/egl.h
@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@ struct wlr_egl {
 	EGLConfig config;
 	EGLContext context;
 
-	const char *egl_exts_str;
-	const char *gl_exts_str;
+	const char *exts_str;
 
 	struct {
 		bool buffer_age;
 		bool swap_buffers_with_damage;
 		bool dmabuf_import;
 		bool dmabuf_import_modifiers;
+		bool bind_wayland_display;
 	} egl_exts;
 
 	struct wl_display *wl_display;
@@ -47,36 +47,24 @@ void wlr_egl_finish(struct wlr_egl *egl);
 bool wlr_egl_bind_display(struct wlr_egl *egl, struct wl_display *local_display);
 
 /**
- * Refer to the eglQueryWaylandBufferWL extension function.
- */
-bool wlr_egl_query_buffer(struct wlr_egl *egl, struct wl_resource *buf,
-	EGLint attrib, EGLint *value);
-
-/**
  * Returns a surface for the given native window
  * The window must match the remote display the wlr_egl was created with.
  */
 EGLSurface wlr_egl_create_surface(struct wlr_egl *egl, void *window);
 
 /**
- * Creates an egl image from the given client buffer and attributes.
- */
-EGLImageKHR wlr_egl_create_image(struct wlr_egl *egl,
-		EGLenum target, EGLClientBuffer buffer, const EGLint *attribs);
-
-/**
  * Creates an egl image from the given dmabuf attributes. Check usability
  * of the dmabuf with wlr_egl_check_import_dmabuf once first.
  */
 EGLImageKHR wlr_egl_create_image_from_dmabuf(struct wlr_egl *egl,
-		struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs *attributes);
+	struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs *attributes);
 
 /**
  * Try to import the given dmabuf. On success return true false otherwise.
  * If this succeeds the dmabuf can be used for rendering on a texture
  */
 bool wlr_egl_check_import_dmabuf(struct wlr_egl *egl,
-		struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *dmabuf);
+	struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *dmabuf);
 
 /**
  * Get the available dmabuf formats
diff --git a/include/wlr/render/interface.h b/include/wlr/render/interface.h
index 7f25c0ff..597e4b39 100644
--- a/include/wlr/render/interface.h
+++ b/include/wlr/render/interface.h
@@ -23,55 +23,48 @@ struct wlr_renderer_impl {
 	void (*end)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer);
 	void (*clear)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer, const float color[static 4]);
 	void (*scissor)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer, struct wlr_box *box);
-	struct wlr_texture *(*texture_create)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer);
 	bool (*render_texture_with_matrix)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
 		struct wlr_texture *texture, const float matrix[static 9],
 		float alpha);
-	void (*render_quad)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+	void (*render_quad_with_matrix)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
 		const float color[static 4], const float matrix[static 9]);
-	void (*render_ellipse)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+	void (*render_ellipse_with_matrix)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
 		const float color[static 4], const float matrix[static 9]);
 	const enum wl_shm_format *(*formats)(
 		struct wlr_renderer *renderer, size_t *len);
-	bool (*buffer_is_drm)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
-		struct wl_resource *buffer);
+	bool (*resource_is_wl_drm_buffer)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+		struct wl_resource *resource);
+	void (*wl_drm_buffer_get_size)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+		struct wl_resource *buffer, int *width, int *height);
 	bool (*read_pixels)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer, enum wl_shm_format fmt,
 		uint32_t stride, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
 		uint32_t src_x, uint32_t src_y, uint32_t dst_x, uint32_t dst_y,
 		void *data);
 	bool (*format_supported)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
 		enum wl_shm_format fmt);
+	struct wlr_texture *(*texture_from_pixels)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+		enum wl_shm_format fmt, uint32_t stride, uint32_t width,
+		uint32_t height, const void *data);
+	struct wlr_texture *(*texture_from_wl_drm)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+		struct wl_resource *data);
+	struct wlr_texture *(*texture_from_dmabuf)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+		struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs *attribs);
 	void (*destroy)(struct wlr_renderer *renderer);
 };
 
 void wlr_renderer_init(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
-		const struct wlr_renderer_impl *impl);
+	const struct wlr_renderer_impl *impl);
 
 struct wlr_texture_impl {
-	bool (*upload_pixels)(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-		enum wl_shm_format format, int stride, int width, int height,
-		const unsigned char *pixels);
-	bool (*update_pixels)(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-		enum wl_shm_format format, int stride, int x, int y,
-		int width, int height, const unsigned char *pixels);
-	bool (*upload_shm)(struct wlr_texture *texture, uint32_t format,
-		struct wl_shm_buffer *shm);
-	bool (*update_shm)(struct wlr_texture *texture, uint32_t format,
-		int x, int y, int width, int height, struct wl_shm_buffer *shm);
-	bool (*upload_drm)(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-		struct wl_resource *drm_buf);
-	bool (*upload_eglimage)(struct wlr_texture *texture, EGLImageKHR image,
-		uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
-	bool (*upload_dmabuf)(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-		struct wl_resource *dmabuf_resource);
-	void (*get_buffer_size)(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-		struct wl_resource *resource, int *width, int *height);
+	void (*get_size)(struct wlr_texture *texture, int *width, int *height);
+	bool (*write_pixels)(struct wlr_texture *texture,
+		enum wl_shm_format wl_fmt, uint32_t stride, uint32_t width,
+		uint32_t height, uint32_t src_x, uint32_t src_y, uint32_t dst_x,
+		uint32_t dst_y, const void *data);
 	void (*destroy)(struct wlr_texture *texture);
 };
 
 void wlr_texture_init(struct wlr_texture *texture,
 	const struct wlr_texture_impl *impl);
-void wlr_texture_get_buffer_size(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-	struct wl_resource *resource, int *width, int *height);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/include/wlr/render/wlr_renderer.h b/include/wlr/render/wlr_renderer.h
index 6f0d2ecc..65fc7b19 100644
--- a/include/wlr/render/wlr_renderer.h
+++ b/include/wlr/render/wlr_renderer.h
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #ifndef WLR_RENDER_WLR_RENDERER_H
 #define WLR_RENDER_WLR_RENDERER_H
 
-#include <EGL/egl.h>
-#include <EGL/eglext.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <wayland-server-protocol.h>
 #include <wlr/render/wlr_texture.h>
@@ -22,10 +20,6 @@ void wlr_renderer_clear(struct wlr_renderer *r, const float color[static 4]);
  */
 void wlr_renderer_scissor(struct wlr_renderer *r, struct wlr_box *box);
 /**
- * Requests a texture handle from this renderer.
- */
-struct wlr_texture *wlr_render_texture_create(struct wlr_renderer *r);
-/**
  * Renders the requested texture.
  */
 bool wlr_render_texture(struct wlr_renderer *r, struct wlr_texture *texture,
@@ -36,14 +30,24 @@ bool wlr_render_texture(struct wlr_renderer *r, struct wlr_texture *texture,
 bool wlr_render_texture_with_matrix(struct wlr_renderer *r,
 	struct wlr_texture *texture, const float matrix[static 9], float alpha);
 /**
- * Renders a solid quad in the specified color.
+ * Renders a solid rectangle in the specified color.
+ */
+void wlr_render_rect(struct wlr_renderer *r, const struct wlr_box *box,
+	const float color[static 4], const float projection[static 9]);
+/**
+ * Renders a solid quadrangle in the specified color with the specified matrix.
  */
-void wlr_render_colored_quad(struct wlr_renderer *r,
+void wlr_render_quad_with_matrix(struct wlr_renderer *r,
 	const float color[static 4], const float matrix[static 9]);
 /**
  * Renders a solid ellipse in the specified color.
  */
-void wlr_render_colored_ellipse(struct wlr_renderer *r,
+void wlr_render_ellipse(struct wlr_renderer *r, const struct wlr_box *box,
+	const float color[static 4], const float projection[static 9]);
+/**
+ * Renders a solid ellipse in the specified color with the specified matrix.
+ */
+void wlr_render_ellipse_with_matrix(struct wlr_renderer *r,
 	const float color[static 4], const float matrix[static 9]);
 /**
  * Returns a list of pixel formats supported by this renderer.
@@ -51,11 +55,16 @@ void wlr_render_colored_ellipse(struct wlr_renderer *r,
 const enum wl_shm_format *wlr_renderer_get_formats(struct wlr_renderer *r,
 	size_t *len);
 /**
- * Returns true if this wl_buffer is a DRM buffer.
+ * Returns true if this wl_buffer is a wl_drm buffer.
  */
-bool wlr_renderer_buffer_is_drm(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+bool wlr_renderer_resource_is_wl_drm_buffer(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
 	struct wl_resource *buffer);
 /**
+ * Gets the width and height of a wl_drm buffer.
+ */
+void wlr_renderer_wl_drm_buffer_get_size(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+	struct wl_resource *buffer, int *width, int *height);
+/**
  * Reads out of pixels of the currently bound surface into data. `stride` is in
  * bytes.
  */
diff --git a/include/wlr/render/wlr_texture.h b/include/wlr/render/wlr_texture.h
index 095097e6..ab361298 100644
--- a/include/wlr/render/wlr_texture.h
+++ b/include/wlr/render/wlr_texture.h
@@ -5,62 +5,49 @@
 #include <EGL/eglext.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <wayland-server-protocol.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf.h>
 
+struct wlr_renderer;
 struct wlr_texture_impl;
 
 struct wlr_texture {
 	const struct wlr_texture_impl *impl;
-
-	bool valid;
-	uint32_t format;
-	int width, height;
-	bool inverted_y;
-	struct wl_signal destroy_signal;
-	struct wl_resource *resource;
 };
 
 /**
- * Copies pixels to this texture. The buffer is not accessed after this function
- * returns.
+ * Create a new texture from raw pixel data. `stride` is in bytes. The returned
+ * texture is mutable.
  */
-bool wlr_texture_upload_pixels(struct wlr_texture *tex,
-	enum wl_shm_format format, int stride, int width, int height,
-	const unsigned char *pixels);
+struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture_from_pixels(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+	enum wl_shm_format wl_fmt, uint32_t stride, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+	const void *data);
+
 /**
- * Copies pixels to this texture. The buffer is not accessed after this function
- * returns. Under some circumstances, this function may re-upload the entire
- * buffer - therefore, the entire buffer must be valid.
+ * Create a new texture from a wayland DRM resource. The returned texture is
+ * immutable.
  */
-bool wlr_texture_update_pixels(struct wlr_texture *surf,
-	enum wl_shm_format format, int stride, int x, int y,
-	int width, int height, const unsigned char *pixels);
+struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture_from_wl_drm(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+	struct wl_resource *data);
+
 /**
- * Copies pixels from a wl_shm_buffer into this texture. The buffer is not
- * accessed after this function returns.
+ * Create a new texture from a DMA-BUF. The returned texture is immutable.
  */
-bool wlr_texture_upload_shm(struct wlr_texture *tex, uint32_t format,
-	struct wl_shm_buffer *shm);
+struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture_from_dmabuf(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+	struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs *attribs);
+
 /**
- * Attaches the contents from the given wl_drm wl_buffer resource onto the
- * texture. The wl_resource is not used after this call.
- * Will fail (return false) if the given resource is no drm buffer.
+ * Get the texture width and height.
  */
-bool wlr_texture_upload_drm(struct wlr_texture *tex,
-	struct wl_resource *drm_buffer);
-
-bool wlr_texture_upload_eglimage(struct wlr_texture *tex,
-	EGLImageKHR image, uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
+void wlr_texture_get_size(struct wlr_texture *texture, int *width, int *height);
 
-bool wlr_texture_upload_dmabuf(struct wlr_texture *tex,
-	struct wl_resource *dmabuf_resource);
 /**
- * Copies a rectangle of pixels from a wl_shm_buffer onto the texture. The
- * buffer is not accessed after this function returns. Under some circumstances,
- * this function may re-upload the entire buffer - therefore, the entire buffer
- * must be valid.
+ * Update a texture with raw pixels. The texture must be mutable.
  */
-bool wlr_texture_update_shm(struct wlr_texture *surf, uint32_t format,
-	int x, int y, int width, int height, struct wl_shm_buffer *shm);
+bool wlr_texture_write_pixels(struct wlr_texture *texture,
+	enum wl_shm_format wl_fmt, uint32_t stride, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+	uint32_t src_x, uint32_t src_y, uint32_t dst_x, uint32_t dst_y,
+	const void *data);
+
 /**
  * Destroys this wlr_texture.
  */
diff --git a/include/wlr/types/wlr_box.h b/include/wlr/types/wlr_box.h
index fc86f0ac..0e586a18 100644
--- a/include/wlr/types/wlr_box.h
+++ b/include/wlr/types/wlr_box.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ void wlr_box_transform(const struct wlr_box *box,
 	struct wlr_box *dest);
 
 /**
- * Creates the smallest box that contains a rotated box.
+ * Creates the smallest box that contains the box rotated about its center.
  */
 void wlr_box_rotated_bounds(const struct wlr_box *box, float rotation,
 	struct wlr_box *dest);
diff --git a/include/wlr/types/wlr_cursor.h b/include/wlr/types/wlr_cursor.h
index da010972..70dca9f7 100644
--- a/include/wlr/types/wlr_cursor.h
+++ b/include/wlr/types/wlr_cursor.h
@@ -7,12 +7,37 @@
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_output_layout.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_output.h>
 
+/**
+ * wlr_cursor implements the behavior of the "cursor", that is, the image on the
+ * screen typically moved about with a mouse or so. It provides tracking for
+ * this in global coordinates, and integrates with wlr_output,
+ * wlr_output_layout, and wlr_input_device. You can use it to abstract multiple
+ * input devices over a single cursor, constrain cursor movement to the usable
+ * area of a wlr_output_layout and communicate position updates to the hardware
+ * cursor, constrain specific input devices to specific outputs or regions of
+ * the screen, and so on.
+ */
+
 struct wlr_cursor_state;
 
 struct wlr_cursor {
 	struct wlr_cursor_state *state;
 	double x, y;
 
+	/**
+	 * The interpretation of these signals is the responsibility of the
+	 * compositor, but some helpers are provided for your benefit. If you
+	 * receive a relative motion event, for example, you may want to call
+	 * wlr_cursor_move. If you receive an absolute event, call
+	 * wlr_cursor_warp_absolute. If you pass an input device into these
+	 * functions, it will apply the region/output constraints associated with
+	 * that device to the resulting cursor motion. If an output layout is
+	 * attached, these functions will constrain the resulting cursor motion to
+	 * within the usable space of the output layout.
+	 *
+	 * Re-broadcasting these signals to, for example, a wlr_seat, is also your
+	 * responsibility.
+	 */
 	struct {
 		struct wl_signal motion;
 		struct wl_signal motion_absolute;
diff --git a/include/wlr/types/wlr_layer_shell.h b/include/wlr/types/wlr_layer_shell.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8cc7782f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/wlr/types/wlr_layer_shell.h
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#ifndef WLR_TYPES_WLR_LAYER_SHELL_H
+#define WLR_TYPES_WLR_LAYER_SHELL_H
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <wayland-server.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_box.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_surface.h>
+#include "wlr-layer-shell-unstable-v1-protocol.h"
+
+/**
+ * wlr_layer_shell allows clients to arrange themselves in "layers" on the
+ * desktop in accordance with the wlr-layer-shell protocol. When a client is
+ * added, the new_surface signal will be raised and passed a reference to our
+ * wlr_layer_surface. At this time, the client will have configured the surface
+ * as it desires, including information like desired anchors and margins. The
+ * compositor should use this information to decide how to arrange the layer
+ * on-screen, then determine the dimensions of the layer and call
+ * wlr_layer_surface_configure. The client will then attach a buffer and commit
+ * the surface, at which point the wlr_layer_surface map signal is raised and
+ * the compositor should begin rendering the surface.
+ */
+struct wlr_layer_shell {
+	struct wl_global *wl_global;
+	struct wl_list client_resources; // wl_resource
+
+	struct wl_listener display_destroy;
+
+	struct {
+		struct wl_signal new_surface;
+	} events;
+
+	void *data;
+};
+
+struct wlr_layer_surface_state {
+	uint32_t anchor;
+	int32_t exclusive_zone;
+	struct {
+		uint32_t top, right, bottom, left;
+	} margin;
+	bool keyboard_interactive;
+	uint32_t desired_width, desired_height;
+	uint32_t actual_width, actual_height;
+};
+
+struct wlr_layer_surface_configure {
+	struct wl_list link; // wlr_layer_surface::configure_list
+	uint32_t serial;
+	struct wlr_layer_surface_state state;
+};
+
+struct wlr_layer_surface {
+	struct wlr_surface *surface;
+	struct wlr_output *output;
+	struct wl_resource *resource;
+	struct wlr_layer_shell *shell;
+
+	const char *namespace;
+	enum zwlr_layer_shell_v1_layer layer;
+
+	bool added, configured, mapped, closed;
+	uint32_t configure_serial;
+	struct wl_event_source *configure_idle;
+	uint32_t configure_next_serial;
+	struct wl_list configure_list;
+
+	struct wlr_layer_surface_configure *acked_configure;
+
+	struct wlr_layer_surface_state client_pending;
+	struct wlr_layer_surface_state server_pending;
+	struct wlr_layer_surface_state current;
+
+	struct wl_listener surface_destroy_listener;
+
+	struct {
+		struct wl_signal destroy;
+		struct wl_signal map;
+		struct wl_signal unmap;
+	} events;
+
+	void *data;
+};
+
+struct wlr_layer_shell *wlr_layer_shell_create(struct wl_display *display);
+void wlr_layer_shell_destroy(struct wlr_layer_shell *layer_shell);
+
+/**
+ * Notifies the layer surface to configure itself with this width/height. The
+ * layer_surface will signal its map event when the surface is ready to assume
+ * this size.
+ */
+void wlr_layer_surface_configure(struct wlr_layer_surface *surface,
+		uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
+
+/**
+ * Unmaps this layer surface and notifies the client that it has been closed.
+ */
+void wlr_layer_surface_close(struct wlr_layer_surface *surface);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/include/wlr/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf.h b/include/wlr/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf.h
index 9d71e598..c06d8a87 100644
--- a/include/wlr/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf.h
+++ b/include/wlr/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf.h
@@ -11,6 +11,12 @@
 #define DRM_FORMAT_MOD_INVALID ((1ULL<<56) - 1)
 #endif
 
+enum {
+	WLR_DMABUF_BUFFER_ATTRIBS_FLAGS_Y_INVERT = 1,
+	WLR_DMABUF_BUFFER_ATTRIBS_FLAGS_INTERLACED = 2,
+	WLR_DMABUF_BUFFER_ATTRIBS_FLAGS_BOTTOM_FIRST = 4,
+};
+
 struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs {
 	/* set via params_add */
 	int n_planes;
@@ -22,7 +28,7 @@ struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs {
 	int32_t width;
 	int32_t height;
 	uint32_t format;
-	uint32_t flags; /* enum zlinux_buffer_params_flags */
+	uint32_t flags;
 };
 
 struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer {
@@ -52,11 +58,6 @@ struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *wlr_dmabuf_buffer_from_buffer_resource(
 struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *wlr_dmabuf_buffer_from_params_resource(
 	struct wl_resource *params_resource);
 
-/**
- * Returns true if the given dmabuf has y-axis inverted, false otherwise
- */
-bool wlr_dmabuf_buffer_has_inverted_y(struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *dmabuf);
-
 /* the protocol interface */
 struct wlr_linux_dmabuf {
 	struct wl_global *wl_global;
diff --git a/include/wlr/types/wlr_xdg_shell.h b/include/wlr/types/wlr_xdg_shell.h
index a5fa093b..9938f4b1 100644
--- a/include/wlr/types/wlr_xdg_shell.h
+++ b/include/wlr/types/wlr_xdg_shell.h
@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ struct wlr_xdg_popup {
 	bool committed;
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface *parent;
 	struct wlr_seat *seat;
+
+	// Position of the popup relative to the upper left corner of the window
+	// geometry of the parent surface
 	struct wlr_box geometry;
 
 	struct wl_list grab_link; // wlr_xdg_popup_grab::popups
@@ -74,9 +77,22 @@ struct wlr_xdg_toplevel {
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface *base;
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface *parent;
 	bool added;
-	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_state next; // client protocol requests
-	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_state pending; // user configure requests
+
+	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_state client_pending;
+	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_state server_pending;
 	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_state current;
+
+	char *title;
+	char *app_id;
+
+	struct {
+		struct wl_signal request_maximize;
+		struct wl_signal request_fullscreen;
+		struct wl_signal request_minimize;
+		struct wl_signal request_move;
+		struct wl_signal request_resize;
+		struct wl_signal request_show_window_menu;
+	} events;
 };
 
 struct wlr_xdg_surface_configure {
@@ -106,9 +122,6 @@ struct wlr_xdg_surface {
 	uint32_t configure_next_serial;
 	struct wl_list configure_list;
 
-	char *title;
-	char *app_id;
-
 	bool has_next_geometry;
 	struct wlr_box next_geometry;
 	struct wlr_box geometry;
@@ -121,13 +134,6 @@ struct wlr_xdg_surface {
 		struct wl_signal new_popup;
 		struct wl_signal map;
 		struct wl_signal unmap;
-
-		struct wl_signal request_maximize;
-		struct wl_signal request_fullscreen;
-		struct wl_signal request_minimize;
-		struct wl_signal request_move;
-		struct wl_signal request_resize;
-		struct wl_signal request_show_window_menu;
 	} events;
 
 	void *data;
@@ -204,9 +210,9 @@ uint32_t wlr_xdg_toplevel_set_resizing(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface,
 		bool resizing);
 
 /**
- * Request that this toplevel surface closes.
+ * Request that this xdg surface closes.
  */
-void wlr_xdg_toplevel_send_close(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface);
+void wlr_xdg_surface_send_close(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface);
 
 /**
  * Compute the popup position in surface-local coordinates.
diff --git a/include/wlr/types/wlr_xdg_shell_v6.h b/include/wlr/types/wlr_xdg_shell_v6.h
index e085c493..e2a58669 100644
--- a/include/wlr/types/wlr_xdg_shell_v6.h
+++ b/include/wlr/types/wlr_xdg_shell_v6.h
@@ -111,6 +111,9 @@ struct wlr_xdg_popup_v6 {
 	bool committed;
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *parent;
 	struct wlr_seat *seat;
+
+	// Position of the popup relative to the upper left corner of the window
+	// geometry of the parent surface
 	struct wlr_box geometry;
 
 	struct wlr_xdg_positioner_v6_attributes positioner;
@@ -147,9 +150,22 @@ struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6 {
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *base;
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *parent;
 	bool added;
-	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_state next; // client protocol requests
-	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_state pending; // user configure requests
+
+	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_state client_pending;
+	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_state server_pending;
 	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_state current;
+
+	char *title;
+	char *app_id;
+
+	struct {
+		struct wl_signal request_maximize;
+		struct wl_signal request_fullscreen;
+		struct wl_signal request_minimize;
+		struct wl_signal request_move;
+		struct wl_signal request_resize;
+		struct wl_signal request_show_window_menu;
+	} events;
 };
 
 struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6_configure {
@@ -179,9 +195,6 @@ struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 {
 	uint32_t configure_next_serial;
 	struct wl_list configure_list;
 
-	char *title;
-	char *app_id;
-
 	bool has_next_geometry;
 	struct wlr_box next_geometry;
 	struct wlr_box geometry;
@@ -194,13 +207,6 @@ struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 {
 		struct wl_signal new_popup;
 		struct wl_signal map;
 		struct wl_signal unmap;
-
-		struct wl_signal request_maximize;
-		struct wl_signal request_fullscreen;
-		struct wl_signal request_minimize;
-		struct wl_signal request_move;
-		struct wl_signal request_resize;
-		struct wl_signal request_show_window_menu;
 	} events;
 
 	void *data;
@@ -277,9 +283,9 @@ uint32_t wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_set_resizing(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface,
 		bool resizing);
 
 /**
- * Request that this toplevel surface closes.
+ * Request that this xdg surface closes.
  */
-void wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_send_close(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface);
+void wlr_xdg_surface_v6_send_close(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface);
 
 /**
  * Compute the popup position in surface-local coordinates.
diff --git a/include/wlr/util/region.h b/include/wlr/util/region.h
index 7883af97..c0fe6063 100644
--- a/include/wlr/util/region.h
+++ b/include/wlr/util/region.h
@@ -26,4 +26,11 @@ void wlr_region_transform(pixman_region32_t *dst, pixman_region32_t *src,
 void wlr_region_expand(pixman_region32_t *dst, pixman_region32_t *src,
 	int distance);
 
+/*
+ * Builds the smallest possible region that contains the region rotated about
+ * the point (ox, oy).
+ */
+void wlr_region_rotated_bounds(pixman_region32_t *dst, pixman_region32_t *src,
+	float rotation, int ox, int oy);
+
 #endif
diff --git a/include/xwayland/xwm.h b/include/xwayland/xwm.h
index 4b15cc84..9e21ea3a 100644
--- a/include/xwayland/xwm.h
+++ b/include/xwayland/xwm.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define XWAYLAND_XWM_H
 
 #include <wayland-server-core.h>
+#include <wlr/config.h>
 #include <wlr/xwayland.h>
 #include <xcb/render.h>
 
diff --git a/meson.build b/meson.build
index c7ca038c..7740b416 100644
--- a/meson.build
+++ b/meson.build
@@ -58,14 +58,6 @@ libinput       = dependency('libinput', version: '>=1.7.0')
 xkbcommon      = dependency('xkbcommon')
 udev           = dependency('libudev')
 pixman         = dependency('pixman-1')
-xcb            = dependency('xcb')
-xcb_composite  = dependency('xcb-composite')
-xcb_xfixes     = dependency('xcb-xfixes')
-xcb_image      = dependency('xcb-image')
-xcb_render     = dependency('xcb-render')
-xcb_icccm      = dependency('xcb-icccm', required: false)
-xcb_errors     = dependency('xcb-errors', required: get_option('enable_xcb_errors') == 'true')
-x11_xcb        = dependency('x11-xcb')
 libcap         = dependency('libcap', required: get_option('enable_libcap') == 'true')
 systemd        = dependency('libsystemd', required: get_option('enable_systemd') == 'true')
 elogind        = dependency('libelogind', required: get_option('enable_elogind') == 'true')
@@ -75,14 +67,6 @@ exclude_headers = []
 wlr_parts = []
 wlr_deps = []
 
-if xcb_icccm.found()
-	conf_data.set('WLR_HAS_XCB_ICCCM', true)
-endif
-
-if xcb_errors.found() and get_option('enable_xcb_errors') != 'false'
-	conf_data.set('WLR_HAS_XCB_ERRORS', true)
-endif
-
 if libcap.found() and get_option('enable_libcap') != 'false'
 	conf_data.set('WLR_HAS_LIBCAP', true)
 	wlr_deps += libcap
@@ -97,6 +81,38 @@ if elogind.found() and get_option('enable_elogind') != 'false'
 	conf_data.set('WLR_HAS_ELOGIND', true)
 endif
 
+if get_option('enable_x11_backend') or get_option('enable_xwayland')
+        xcb            = dependency('xcb')
+        xcb_composite  = dependency('xcb-composite')
+        xcb_xfixes     = dependency('xcb-xfixes')
+        xcb_image      = dependency('xcb-image')
+        xcb_render     = dependency('xcb-render')
+        x11_xcb        = dependency('x11-xcb')
+
+        xcb_icccm      = dependency('xcb-icccm', required: false)
+        xcb_errors     = dependency('xcb-errors', required: get_option('enable_xcb_errors') == 'true')
+
+        if xcb_icccm.found()
+                conf_data.set('WLR_HAS_XCB_ICCCM', true)
+        endif
+
+        if xcb_errors.found() and get_option('enable_xcb_errors') != 'false'
+                conf_data.set('WLR_HAS_XCB_ERRORS', true)
+        endif
+
+        wlr_deps += [
+                xcb,
+                xcb_composite,
+                x11_xcb,
+        ]
+else
+        add_project_arguments('-DMESA_EGL_NO_X11_HEADERS', language: 'c')
+endif
+
+if get_option('enable_x11_backend')
+        conf_data.set('WLR_HAS_X11_BACKEND', true)
+endif
+
 if get_option('enable_xwayland')
 	subdir('xwayland')
 	wlr_parts += [lib_wlr_xwayland]
@@ -138,9 +154,6 @@ wlr_deps += [
 	xkbcommon,
 	udev,
 	pixman,
-	xcb,
-	xcb_composite,
-	x11_xcb,
 	math,
 ]
 
@@ -168,12 +181,13 @@ summary = [
 	'----------------',
 	'wlroots @0@'.format(meson.project_version()),
 	'',
-	'     libcap: @0@'.format(conf_data.get('WLR_HAS_LIBCAP', false)),
-	'    systemd: @0@'.format(conf_data.get('WLR_HAS_SYSTEMD', false)),
-	'    elogind: @0@'.format(conf_data.get('WLR_HAS_ELOGIND', false)),
-	'   xwayland: @0@'.format(conf_data.get('WLR_HAS_XWAYLAND', false)),
-	'  xcb-icccm: @0@'.format(conf_data.get('WLR_HAS_XCB_ICCCM', false)),
-	' xcb-errors: @0@'.format(conf_data.get('WLR_HAS_XCB_ERRORS', false)),
+	'      libcap: @0@'.format(conf_data.get('WLR_HAS_LIBCAP', false)),
+	'     systemd: @0@'.format(conf_data.get('WLR_HAS_SYSTEMD', false)),
+	'     elogind: @0@'.format(conf_data.get('WLR_HAS_ELOGIND', false)),
+	'    xwayland: @0@'.format(conf_data.get('WLR_HAS_XWAYLAND', false)),
+	' x11_backend: @0@'.format(conf_data.get('WLR_HAS_X11_BACKEND', false)),
+	'   xcb-icccm: @0@'.format(conf_data.get('WLR_HAS_XCB_ICCCM', false)),
+	'  xcb-errors: @0@'.format(conf_data.get('WLR_HAS_XCB_ERRORS', false)),
 	'----------------',
 	''
 ]
diff --git a/meson_options.txt b/meson_options.txt
index 4812b6f8..9e8567d0 100644
--- a/meson_options.txt
+++ b/meson_options.txt
@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@ option('enable_systemd', type: 'combo', choices: ['auto', 'true', 'false'], valu
 option('enable_elogind', type: 'combo', choices: ['auto', 'true', 'false'], value: 'auto', description: 'Enable support for logind')
 option('enable_xcb_errors', type: 'combo', choices: ['auto', 'true', 'false'], value: 'auto', description: 'Use xcb-errors util library')
 option('enable_xwayland', type: 'boolean', value: true, description: 'Enable support X11 applications')
+option('enable_x11_backend', type: 'boolean', value: true, description: 'Enable X11 backend')
diff --git a/protocol/meson.build b/protocol/meson.build
index 638b0c46..a41fdec3 100644
--- a/protocol/meson.build
+++ b/protocol/meson.build
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ protocols = [
 	'idle.xml',
 	'screenshooter.xml',
 	'server-decoration.xml',
+	'wlr-layer-shell-unstable-v1.xml',
 ]
 
 client_protocols = [
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ client_protocols = [
 	[wl_protocol_dir, 'unstable/idle-inhibit/idle-inhibit-unstable-v1.xml'],
 	'idle.xml',
 	'screenshooter.xml',
+	'wlr-layer-shell-unstable-v1.xml',
 ]
 
 wl_protos_src = []
diff --git a/protocol/wlr-layer-shell-unstable-v1.xml b/protocol/wlr-layer-shell-unstable-v1.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3181c0bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/protocol/wlr-layer-shell-unstable-v1.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<protocol name="wlr_layer_shell_unstable_v1">
+  <copyright>
+    Copyright © 2017 Drew DeVault
+
+    Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this
+    software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted
+    without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appear in
+    all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission
+    notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of
+    the copyright holders not be used in advertising or publicity
+    pertaining to distribution of the software without specific,
+    written prior permission.  The copyright holders make no
+    representations about the suitability of this software for any
+    purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied
+    warranty.
+
+    THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS
+    SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
+    FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+    SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+    WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN
+    AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION,
+    ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF
+    THIS SOFTWARE.
+  </copyright>
+
+  <interface name="zwlr_layer_shell_v1" version="1">
+    <description summary="create surfaces that are layers of the desktop">
+      Clients can use this interface to assign the surface_layer role to
+      wl_surfaces. Such surfaces are assigned to a "layer" of the output and
+      rendered with a defined z-depth respective to each other. They may also be
+      anchored to the edges and corners of a screen and specify input handling
+      semantics. This interface should be suitable for the implementation of
+      many desktop shell components, and a broad number of other applications
+      that interact with the desktop.
+    </description>
+
+    <request name="get_layer_surface">
+      <description summary="create a layer_surface from a surface">
+        Create a layer surface for an existing surface. This assigns the role of
+        layer_surface, or raises a protocol error if another role is already
+        assigned.
+
+        Creating a layer surface from a wl_surface which has a buffer attached
+        or committed is a client error, and any attempts by a client to attach
+        or manipulate a buffer prior to the first layer_surface.configure call
+        must also be treated as errors.
+
+        Clients can specify a namespace that defines the purpose of the layer
+        surface.
+      </description>
+      <arg name="id" type="new_id" interface="zwlr_layer_surface_v1"/>
+      <arg name="surface" type="object" interface="wl_surface"/>
+      <arg name="output" type="object" interface="wl_output"/>
+      <arg name="layer" type="uint" enum="layer" summary="layer to add this surface to"/>
+      <arg name="namespace" type="string" summary="namespace for the layer surface"/>
+    </request>
+
+    <enum name="error">
+      <entry name="role" value="0" summary="wl_surface has another role"/>
+      <entry name="invalid_layer" value="1" summary="layer value is invalid"/>
+      <entry name="already_constructed" value="2" summary="wl_surface has a buffer attached or committed"/>
+    </enum>
+
+    <enum name="layer">
+      <description summary="available layers for surfaces">
+        These values indicate which layers a surface can be rendered in. They
+        are ordered by z depth, bottom-most first. Traditional shell surfaces
+        will typically be rendered between the bottom and top layers.
+        Fullscreen shell surfaces are typically rendered at the top layer.
+        Multiple surfaces can share a single layer, and ordering within a
+        single layer is undefined.
+      </description>
+
+      <entry name="background" value="0"/>
+      <entry name="bottom" value="1"/>
+      <entry name="top" value="2"/>
+      <entry name="overlay" value="3"/>
+    </enum>
+  </interface>
+
+  <interface name="zwlr_layer_surface_v1" version="1">
+    <description summary="layer metadata interface">
+      An interface that may be implemented by a wl_surface, for surfaces that
+      are designed to be rendered as a layer of a stacked desktop-like
+      environment.
+
+      Layer surface state (size, anchor, exclusive zone, margin, interactivity)
+      is double-buffered, and will be applied at the time wl_surface.commit of
+      the corresponding wl_surface is called.
+    </description>
+
+    <request name="set_size">
+      <description summary="sets the size of the surface">
+        Sets the size of the surface in surface-local coordinates. The
+        compositor will display the surface centered with respect to its
+        anchors.
+
+        If you pass 0 for either value, the compositor will assign it and
+        inform you of the assignment in the configure event. You must set your
+        anchor to opposite edges in the dimensions you omit; not doing so is a
+        protocol error. Both values are 0 by default.
+
+        Size is double-buffered, see wl_surface.commit.
+      </description>
+      <arg name="width" type="uint"/>
+      <arg name="height" type="uint"/>
+    </request>
+
+    <request name="set_anchor">
+      <description summary="configures the anchor point of the surface">
+        Requests that the compositor anchor the surface to the specified edges
+        and corners. If two orthoginal edges are specified (e.g. 'top' and
+        'left'), then the anchor point will be the intersection of the edges
+        (e.g. the top left corner of the output); otherwise the anchor point
+        will be centered on that edge, or in the center if none is specified.
+
+        Anchor is double-buffered, see wl_surface.commit.
+      </description>
+      <arg name="anchor" type="uint" enum="anchor"/>
+    </request>
+
+    <request name="set_exclusive_zone">
+      <description summary="configures the exclusive geometry of this surface">
+        Requests that the compositor avoids occluding an area of the surface
+        with other surfaces. The compositor's use of this information is
+        implementation-dependent - do not assume that this region will not
+        actually be occluded.
+
+        A positive value is only meaningful if the surface is anchored to an
+        edge, rather than a corner. The zone is the number of surface-local
+        coordinates from the edge that are considered exclusive.
+
+        Surfaces that do not wish to have an exclusive zone may instead specify
+        how they should interact with surfaces that do. If set to zero, the
+        surface indicates that it would like to be moved to avoid occluding
+        surfaces with a positive excluzive zone. If set to -1, the surface
+        indicates that it would not like to be moved to accomodate for other
+        surfaces, and the compositor should extend it all the way to the edges
+        it is anchored to.
+
+        For example, a panel might set its exclusive zone to 10, so that
+        maximized shell surfaces are not shown on top of it. A notification
+        might set its exclusive zone to 0, so that it is moved to avoid
+        occluding the panel, but shell surfaces are shown underneath it. A
+        wallpaper or lock screen might set their exclusive zone to -1, so that
+        they stretch below or over the panel.
+
+        The default value is 0.
+
+        Exclusive zone is double-buffered, see wl_surface.commit.
+      </description>
+      <arg name="zone" type="int"/>
+    </request>
+
+    <request name="set_margin">
+      <description summary="sets a margin from the anchor point">
+        Requests that the surface be placed some distance away from the anchor
+        point on the output, in surface-local coordinates. Setting this value
+        for edges you are not anchored to has no effect.
+
+        The exclusive zone includes the margin.
+
+        Margin is double-buffered, see wl_surface.commit.
+      </description>
+      <arg name="top" type="int"/>
+      <arg name="right" type="int"/>
+      <arg name="bottom" type="int"/>
+      <arg name="left" type="int"/>
+    </request>
+
+    <request name="set_keyboard_interactivity">
+      <description summary="requests keyboard events">
+        Set to 1 to request that the seat send keyboard events to this layer
+        surface. For layers below the shell surface layer, the seat will use
+        normal focus semantics. For layers above the shell surface layers, the
+        seat will always give exclusive keyboard focus to the top-most layer
+        which has keyboard interactivity set to true.
+
+        Layer surfaces receive pointer, touch, and tablet events normally. If
+        you do not want to receive them, set the input region on your surface
+        to an empty region.
+
+        Events is double-buffered, see wl_surface.commit.
+      </description>
+      <arg name="keyboard_interactivity" type="uint"/>
+    </request>
+
+    <request name="get_popup">
+      <description summary="assign this layer_surface as an xdg_popup parent">
+        This assigns an xdg_popup's parent to this layer_surface.  This popup
+        should have been created via xdg_surface::get_popup with the parent set
+        to NULL, and this request must be invoked before committing the popup's
+        initial state.
+
+        See the documentation of xdg_popup for more details about what an
+        xdg_popup is and how it is used.
+      </description>
+      <arg name="popup" type="object" interface="xdg_popup"/>
+    </request>
+
+    <request name="ack_configure">
+      <description summary="ack a configure event">
+        When a configure event is received, if a client commits the
+        surface in response to the configure event, then the client
+        must make an ack_configure request sometime before the commit
+        request, passing along the serial of the configure event.
+
+        If the client receives multiple configure events before it
+        can respond to one, it only has to ack the last configure event.
+
+        A client is not required to commit immediately after sending
+        an ack_configure request - it may even ack_configure several times
+        before its next surface commit.
+
+        A client may send multiple ack_configure requests before committing, but
+        only the last request sent before a commit indicates which configure
+        event the client really is responding to.
+      </description>
+      <arg name="serial" type="uint" summary="the serial from the configure event"/>
+    </request>
+
+    <request name="destroy" type="destructor">
+      <description summary="destroy the layer_surface">
+        This request destroys the layer surface.
+      </description>
+    </request>
+
+    <event name="configure">
+      <description summary="suggest a surface change">
+        The configure event asks the client to resize its surface.
+
+        Clients should arrange their surface for the new states, and then send
+        an ack_configure request with the serial sent in this configure event at
+        some point before committing the new surface.
+
+        The client is free to dismiss all but the last configure event it
+        received.
+
+        The width and height arguments specify the size of the window in
+        surface-local coordinates.
+
+        The size is a hint, in the sense that the client is free to ignore it if
+        it doesn't resize, pick a smaller size (to satisfy aspect ratio or
+        resize in steps of NxM pixels). If the client picks a smaller size and
+        is anchored to two opposite anchors (e.g. 'top' and 'bottom'), the
+        surface will be centered on this axis.
+
+        If the width or height arguments are zero, it means the client should
+        decide its own window dimension.
+      </description>
+      <arg name="serial" type="uint"/>
+      <arg name="width" type="uint"/>
+      <arg name="height" type="uint"/>
+    </event>
+
+    <event name="closed">
+      <description summary="surface should be closed">
+        The closed event is sent by the compositor when the surface will no
+        longer be shown. The output may have been destroyed or the user may
+        have asked for it to be removed. Further changes to the surface will be
+        ignored. The client should destroy the resource after receiving this
+        event, and create a new surface if they so choose.
+      </description>
+    </event>
+
+    <enum name="error">
+      <entry name="invalid_surface_state" value="0" summary="provided surface state is invalid"/>
+      <entry name="invalid_size" value="1" summary="size is invalid"/>
+      <entry name="invalid_anchor" value="2" summary="anchor bitfield is invalid"/>
+    </enum>
+
+    <enum name="anchor" bitfield="true">
+      <entry name="top" value="1" summary="the top edge of the anchor rectangle"/>
+      <entry name="bottom" value="2" summary="the bottom edge of the anchor rectangle"/>
+      <entry name="left" value="4" summary="the left edge of the anchor rectangle"/>
+      <entry name="right" value="8" summary="the right edge of the anchor rectangle"/>
+    </enum>
+  </interface>
+</protocol>
diff --git a/render/egl.c b/render/egl.c
index b1bd4884..3c005b24 100644
--- a/render/egl.c
+++ b/render/egl.c
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <EGL/egl.h>
 #include <EGL/eglext.h>
-#include <GLES2/gl2.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <wlr/render/egl.h>
 #include <wlr/util/log.h>
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ static void print_dmabuf_formats(struct wlr_egl *egl) {
 	for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
 		snprintf(&str_formats[i*5], (num - i) * 5 + 1, "%.4s ", (char*)&formats[i]);
 	}
-	wlr_log(L_INFO, "Supported dmabuf buffer formats: %s", str_formats);
+	wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "Supported dmabuf buffer formats: %s", str_formats);
 	free(formats);
 }
 
@@ -155,33 +154,31 @@ bool wlr_egl_init(struct wlr_egl *egl, EGLenum platform, void *remote_display,
 	}
 
 	eglMakeCurrent(egl->display, EGL_NO_SURFACE, EGL_NO_SURFACE, egl->context);
-	egl->egl_exts_str = eglQueryString(egl->display, EGL_EXTENSIONS);
-	egl->gl_exts_str = (const char*) glGetString(GL_EXTENSIONS);
+	egl->exts_str = eglQueryString(egl->display, EGL_EXTENSIONS);
 
 	wlr_log(L_INFO, "Using EGL %d.%d", (int)major, (int)minor);
-	wlr_log(L_INFO, "Supported EGL extensions: %s", egl->egl_exts_str);
+	wlr_log(L_INFO, "Supported EGL extensions: %s", egl->exts_str);
 	wlr_log(L_INFO, "EGL vendor: %s", eglQueryString(egl->display, EGL_VENDOR));
-	wlr_log(L_INFO, "Using %s", glGetString(GL_VERSION));
-	wlr_log(L_INFO, "GL vendor: %s", glGetString(GL_VENDOR));
-	wlr_log(L_INFO, "Supported OpenGL ES extensions: %s", egl->gl_exts_str);
 
-	if (!check_egl_ext(egl->egl_exts_str, "EGL_WL_bind_wayland_display") ||
-			!check_egl_ext(egl->egl_exts_str, "EGL_KHR_image_base")) {
+	if (!check_egl_ext(egl->exts_str, "EGL_KHR_image_base")) {
 		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Required egl extensions not supported");
 		goto error;
 	}
 
 	egl->egl_exts.buffer_age =
-		check_egl_ext(egl->egl_exts_str, "EGL_EXT_buffer_age");
+		check_egl_ext(egl->exts_str, "EGL_EXT_buffer_age");
 	egl->egl_exts.swap_buffers_with_damage =
-		check_egl_ext(egl->egl_exts_str, "EGL_EXT_swap_buffers_with_damage") ||
-		check_egl_ext(egl->egl_exts_str, "EGL_KHR_swap_buffers_with_damage");
+		check_egl_ext(egl->exts_str, "EGL_EXT_swap_buffers_with_damage") ||
+		check_egl_ext(egl->exts_str, "EGL_KHR_swap_buffers_with_damage");
 
 	egl->egl_exts.dmabuf_import =
-		check_egl_ext(egl->egl_exts_str, "EGL_EXT_image_dma_buf_import");
+		check_egl_ext(egl->exts_str, "EGL_EXT_image_dma_buf_import");
 	egl->egl_exts.dmabuf_import_modifiers =
-		check_egl_ext(egl->egl_exts_str, "EGL_EXT_image_dma_buf_import_modifiers")
+		check_egl_ext(egl->exts_str, "EGL_EXT_image_dma_buf_import_modifiers")
 		&& eglQueryDmaBufFormatsEXT && eglQueryDmaBufModifiersEXT;
+
+	egl->egl_exts.bind_wayland_display =
+		check_egl_ext(egl->exts_str, "EGL_WL_bind_wayland_display");
 	print_dmabuf_formats(egl);
 
 	return true;
@@ -223,24 +220,6 @@ bool wlr_egl_bind_display(struct wlr_egl *egl, struct wl_display *local_display)
 	return false;
 }
 
-bool wlr_egl_query_buffer(struct wlr_egl *egl, struct wl_resource *buf,
-		int attrib, int *value) {
-	if (!eglQueryWaylandBufferWL) {
-		return false;
-	}
-	return eglQueryWaylandBufferWL(egl->display, buf, attrib, value);
-}
-
-EGLImage wlr_egl_create_image(struct wlr_egl *egl, EGLenum target,
-		EGLClientBuffer buffer, const EGLint *attribs) {
-	if (!eglCreateImageKHR) {
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	return eglCreateImageKHR(egl->display, egl->context, target,
-		buffer, attribs);
-}
-
 bool wlr_egl_destroy_image(struct wlr_egl *egl, EGLImage image) {
 	if (!eglDestroyImageKHR) {
 		return false;
@@ -325,15 +304,6 @@ bool wlr_egl_swap_buffers(struct wlr_egl *egl, EGLSurface surface,
 
 EGLImage wlr_egl_create_image_from_dmabuf(struct wlr_egl *egl,
 		struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs *attributes) {
-	int atti = 0;
-	EGLint attribs[20];
-	attribs[atti++] = EGL_WIDTH;
-	attribs[atti++] = attributes->width;
-	attribs[atti++] = EGL_HEIGHT;
-	attribs[atti++] = attributes->height;
-	attribs[atti++] = EGL_LINUX_DRM_FOURCC_EXT;
-	attribs[atti++] = attributes->format;
-
 	bool has_modifier = false;
 	if (attributes->modifier[0] != DRM_FORMAT_MOD_INVALID) {
 		if (!egl->egl_exts.dmabuf_import_modifiers) {
@@ -342,25 +312,66 @@ EGLImage wlr_egl_create_image_from_dmabuf(struct wlr_egl *egl,
 		has_modifier = true;
 	}
 
-	/* TODO: YUV planes have up four planes but we only support a
-	   single EGLImage for now */
-	if (attributes->n_planes > 1) {
-		return NULL;
-	}
+	unsigned int atti = 0;
+	EGLint attribs[50];
+	attribs[atti++] = EGL_WIDTH;
+	attribs[atti++] = attributes->width;
+	attribs[atti++] = EGL_HEIGHT;
+	attribs[atti++] = attributes->height;
+	attribs[atti++] = EGL_LINUX_DRM_FOURCC_EXT;
+	attribs[atti++] = attributes->format;
 
-	attribs[atti++] = EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_FD_EXT;
-	attribs[atti++] = attributes->fd[0];
-	attribs[atti++] = EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_OFFSET_EXT;
-	attribs[atti++] = attributes->offset[0];
-	attribs[atti++] = EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_PITCH_EXT;
-	attribs[atti++] = attributes->stride[0];
-	if (has_modifier) {
-		attribs[atti++] = EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_MODIFIER_LO_EXT;
-		attribs[atti++] = attributes->modifier[0] & 0xFFFFFFFF;
-		attribs[atti++] = EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_MODIFIER_HI_EXT;
-		attribs[atti++] = attributes->modifier[0] >> 32;
+	struct {
+		EGLint fd;
+		EGLint offset;
+		EGLint pitch;
+		EGLint mod_lo;
+		EGLint mod_hi;
+	} attr_names[WLR_LINUX_DMABUF_MAX_PLANES] = {
+		{
+			EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_FD_EXT,
+			EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_OFFSET_EXT,
+			EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_PITCH_EXT,
+			EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_MODIFIER_LO_EXT,
+			EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE0_MODIFIER_HI_EXT
+		}, {
+			EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE1_FD_EXT,
+			EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE1_OFFSET_EXT,
+			EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE1_PITCH_EXT,
+			EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE1_MODIFIER_LO_EXT,
+			EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE1_MODIFIER_HI_EXT
+		}, {
+			EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE2_FD_EXT,
+			EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE2_OFFSET_EXT,
+			EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE2_PITCH_EXT,
+			EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE2_MODIFIER_LO_EXT,
+			EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE2_MODIFIER_HI_EXT
+		}, {
+			EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE3_FD_EXT,
+			EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE3_OFFSET_EXT,
+			EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE3_PITCH_EXT,
+			EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE3_MODIFIER_LO_EXT,
+			EGL_DMA_BUF_PLANE3_MODIFIER_HI_EXT
+		}
+	};
+
+	for (int i=0; i < attributes->n_planes; i++) {
+		attribs[atti++] = attr_names[i].fd;
+		attribs[atti++] = attributes->fd[i];
+		attribs[atti++] = attr_names[i].offset;
+		attribs[atti++] = attributes->offset[i];
+		attribs[atti++] = attr_names[i].pitch;
+		attribs[atti++] = attributes->stride[i];
+		if (has_modifier) {
+			attribs[atti++] = attr_names[i].mod_lo;
+			attribs[atti++] = attributes->modifier[i] & 0xFFFFFFFF;
+			attribs[atti++] = attr_names[i].mod_hi;
+			attribs[atti++] = attributes->modifier[i] >> 32;
+		}
 	}
 	attribs[atti++] = EGL_NONE;
+	assert(atti < sizeof(attribs)/sizeof(attribs[0]));
+
 	return eglCreateImageKHR(egl->display, EGL_NO_CONTEXT,
 		EGL_LINUX_DMA_BUF_EXT, NULL, attribs);
 }
@@ -371,7 +382,8 @@ EGLImage wlr_egl_create_image_from_dmabuf(struct wlr_egl *egl,
 bool wlr_egl_check_import_dmabuf(struct wlr_egl *egl,
 		struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *dmabuf) {
 	switch (dmabuf->attributes.format & ~DRM_FORMAT_BIG_ENDIAN) {
-		/* YUV based formats not yet supported */
+		/* TODO: YUV based formats not yet supported, require multiple
+		 * wlr_create_image_from_dmabuf */
 	case WL_SHM_FORMAT_YUYV:
 	case WL_SHM_FORMAT_YVYU:
 	case WL_SHM_FORMAT_UYVY:
@@ -398,7 +410,7 @@ int wlr_egl_get_dmabuf_formats(struct wlr_egl *egl,
 		int **formats) {
 	if (!egl->egl_exts.dmabuf_import ||
 		!egl->egl_exts.dmabuf_import_modifiers) {
-		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "dmabuf extension not present");
+		wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "dmabuf extension not present");
 		return -1;
 	}
 
diff --git a/render/gles2/renderer.c b/render/gles2/renderer.c
index 9403c0ed..f96f468b 100644
--- a/render/gles2/renderer.c
+++ b/render/gles2/renderer.c
@@ -12,23 +12,27 @@
 #include <wlr/render/wlr_renderer.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_matrix.h>
 #include <wlr/util/log.h>
-#include "render/gles2.h"
 #include "glapi.h"
+#include "render/gles2.h"
 
 static const struct wlr_renderer_impl renderer_impl;
 
-static struct wlr_gles2_renderer *gles2_get_renderer(
+struct wlr_gles2_renderer *gles2_get_renderer(
 		struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer) {
 	assert(wlr_renderer->impl == &renderer_impl);
-	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer =
-		(struct wlr_gles2_renderer *)wlr_renderer;
+	return (struct wlr_gles2_renderer *)wlr_renderer;
+}
+
+struct wlr_gles2_renderer *gles2_get_renderer_in_context(
+		struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer) {
+	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer = gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
 	assert(eglGetCurrentContext() == renderer->egl->context);
 	return renderer;
 }
 
 static void gles2_begin(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer, uint32_t width,
 		uint32_t height) {
-	gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
+	gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
 
 	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
 
@@ -45,13 +49,13 @@ static void gles2_begin(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer, uint32_t width,
 }
 
 static void gles2_end(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer) {
-	gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
+	gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
 	// no-op
 }
 
 static void gles2_clear(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
 		const float color[static 4]) {
-	gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
+	gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
 
 	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
 	glClearColor(color[0], color[1], color[2], color[3]);
@@ -61,7 +65,7 @@ static void gles2_clear(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
 
 static void gles2_scissor(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
 		struct wlr_box *box) {
-	gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
+	gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
 
 	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
 	if (box != NULL) {
@@ -73,14 +77,6 @@ static void gles2_scissor(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
 	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
 }
 
-static struct wlr_texture *gles2_renderer_texture_create(
-		struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer) {
-	assert(wlr_renderer->impl == &renderer_impl);
-	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer =
-		(struct wlr_gles2_renderer *)wlr_renderer;
-	return gles2_texture_create(renderer->egl);
-}
-
 static void draw_quad() {
 	GLfloat verts[] = {
 		1, 0, // top right
@@ -107,21 +103,28 @@ static void draw_quad() {
 	glDisableVertexAttribArray(1);
 }
 
-static bool gles2_render_texture_with_matrix(
-		struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer, struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture,
-		const float matrix[static 9], float alpha) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer = gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
-	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture = gles2_get_texture(wlr_texture);
-	if (!wlr_texture->valid) {
-		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "attempt to render invalid texture");
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	GLuint prog = renderer->shaders.tex_rgba;
-	if (texture->target == GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES) {
+static bool gles2_render_texture_with_matrix(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
+		struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture, const float matrix[static 9],
+		float alpha) {
+	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer =
+		gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
+	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture =
+		gles2_get_texture_in_context(wlr_texture);
+
+	GLuint prog;
+	GLenum target;
+	switch (texture->type) {
+	case WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_GLTEX:
+	case WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_WL_DRM_GL:
+		prog = texture->has_alpha ? renderer->shaders.tex_rgba :
+			renderer->shaders.tex_rgbx;
+		target = GL_TEXTURE_2D;
+		break;
+	case WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_WL_DRM_EXT:
+	case WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_DMABUF:
 		prog = renderer->shaders.tex_ext;
-	} else if (!texture->pixel_format->has_alpha) {
-		prog = renderer->shaders.tex_rgbx;
+		target = GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES;
+		break;
 	}
 
 	// OpenGL ES 2 requires the glUniformMatrix3fv transpose parameter to be set
@@ -130,23 +133,32 @@ static bool gles2_render_texture_with_matrix(
 	wlr_matrix_transpose(transposition, matrix);
 
 	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
-	glBindTexture(texture->target, texture->tex_id);
-	glTexParameteri(texture->target, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
-	glTexParameteri(texture->target, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+
+	GLuint tex_id = texture->type == WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_GLTEX ?
+		texture->gl_tex : texture->image_tex;
+	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
+	glBindTexture(target, tex_id);
+
+	glTexParameteri(target, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+	glTexParameteri(target, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+
 	glUseProgram(prog);
 
 	glUniformMatrix3fv(0, 1, GL_FALSE, transposition);
-	glUniform1i(1, wlr_texture->inverted_y);
+	glUniform1i(1, texture->inverted_y);
 	glUniform1f(3, alpha);
+
 	draw_quad();
+
 	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
 	return true;
 }
 
 
-static void gles2_render_quad(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
+static void gles2_render_quad_with_matrix(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
 		const float color[static 4], const float matrix[static 9]) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer = gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
+	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer =
+		gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
 
 	// OpenGL ES 2 requires the glUniformMatrix3fv transpose parameter to be set
 	// to GL_FALSE
@@ -161,9 +173,10 @@ static void gles2_render_quad(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
 	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
 }
 
-static void gles2_render_ellipse(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
+static void gles2_render_ellipse_with_matrix(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
 		const float color[static 4], const float matrix[static 9]) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer = gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
+	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer =
+		gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
 
 	// OpenGL ES 2 requires the glUniformMatrix3fv transpose parameter to be set
 	// to GL_FALSE
@@ -183,20 +196,38 @@ static const enum wl_shm_format *gles2_renderer_formats(
 	return gles2_formats(len);
 }
 
-static bool gles2_buffer_is_drm(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
-		struct wl_resource *buffer) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer = gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
+static bool gles2_resource_is_wl_drm_buffer(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
+		struct wl_resource *resource) {
+	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer =
+		gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
 
-	EGLint format;
-	return wlr_egl_query_buffer(renderer->egl, buffer, EGL_TEXTURE_FORMAT,
-		&format);
+	if (!eglQueryWaylandBufferWL) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	EGLint fmt;
+	return eglQueryWaylandBufferWL(renderer->egl->display, resource,
+		EGL_TEXTURE_FORMAT, &fmt);
+}
+
+static void gles2_wl_drm_buffer_get_size(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
+		struct wl_resource *buffer, int *width, int *height) {
+	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer =
+		gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
+
+	if (!eglQueryWaylandBufferWL) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	eglQueryWaylandBufferWL(renderer->egl->display, buffer, EGL_WIDTH, width);
+	eglQueryWaylandBufferWL(renderer->egl->display, buffer, EGL_HEIGHT, height);
 }
 
 static bool gles2_read_pixels(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
 		enum wl_shm_format wl_fmt, uint32_t stride, uint32_t width,
 		uint32_t height, uint32_t src_x, uint32_t src_y, uint32_t dst_x,
 		uint32_t dst_y, void *data) {
-	gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
+	gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
 
 	const struct gles2_pixel_format *fmt = gles2_format_from_wl(wl_fmt);
 	if (fmt == NULL) {
@@ -254,14 +285,17 @@ static const struct wlr_renderer_impl renderer_impl = {
 	.end = gles2_end,
 	.clear = gles2_clear,
 	.scissor = gles2_scissor,
-	.texture_create = gles2_renderer_texture_create,
 	.render_texture_with_matrix = gles2_render_texture_with_matrix,
-	.render_quad = gles2_render_quad,
-	.render_ellipse = gles2_render_ellipse,
+	.render_quad_with_matrix = gles2_render_quad_with_matrix,
+	.render_ellipse_with_matrix = gles2_render_ellipse_with_matrix,
 	.formats = gles2_renderer_formats,
-	.buffer_is_drm = gles2_buffer_is_drm,
+	.resource_is_wl_drm_buffer = gles2_resource_is_wl_drm_buffer,
+	.wl_drm_buffer_get_size = gles2_wl_drm_buffer_get_size,
 	.read_pixels = gles2_read_pixels,
 	.format_supported = gles2_format_supported,
+	.texture_from_pixels = gles2_texture_from_pixels,
+	.texture_from_wl_drm = gles2_texture_from_wl_drm,
+	.texture_from_dmabuf = gles2_texture_from_dmabuf,
 };
 
 void gles2_push_marker(const char *file, const char *func) {
@@ -377,6 +411,11 @@ struct wlr_renderer *wlr_gles2_renderer_create(struct wlr_backend *backend) {
 	renderer->egl = wlr_backend_get_egl(backend);
 	wlr_egl_make_current(renderer->egl, EGL_NO_SURFACE, NULL);
 
+	renderer->exts_str = (const char*) glGetString(GL_EXTENSIONS);
+	wlr_log(L_INFO, "Using %s", glGetString(GL_VERSION));
+	wlr_log(L_INFO, "GL vendor: %s", glGetString(GL_VENDOR));
+	wlr_log(L_INFO, "Supported GLES2 extensions: %s", renderer->exts_str);
+
 	if (glDebugMessageCallbackKHR && glDebugMessageControlKHR) {
 		glEnable(GL_DEBUG_OUTPUT_KHR);
 		glEnable(GL_DEBUG_OUTPUT_SYNCHRONOUS_KHR);
diff --git a/render/gles2/texture.c b/render/gles2/texture.c
index 766c0b15..82effd71 100644
--- a/render/gles2/texture.c
+++ b/render/gles2/texture.c
@@ -10,360 +10,262 @@
 #include <wlr/render/interface.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_matrix.h>
 #include <wlr/util/log.h>
+#include "glapi.h"
 #include "render/gles2.h"
 #include "util/signal.h"
 
-static struct gles2_pixel_format external_pixel_format = {
-	.wl_format = 0,
-	.depth = 0,
-	.bpp = 0,
-	.gl_format = 0,
-	.gl_type = 0,
-};
-
-static void gles2_texture_ensure(struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture,
-		GLenum target) {
-	if (texture->tex_id) {
-		return;
-	}
-	texture->target = target;
-	glGenTextures(1, &texture->tex_id);
-	glBindTexture(target, texture->tex_id);
-	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
-	glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
-}
-
 static const struct wlr_texture_impl texture_impl;
 
-struct wlr_gles2_texture *gles2_get_texture(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture) {
+static struct wlr_gles2_texture *gles2_get_texture(
+		struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture) {
 	assert(wlr_texture->impl == &texture_impl);
 	return (struct wlr_gles2_texture *)wlr_texture;
 }
 
-static bool gles2_texture_upload_pixels(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture,
-		enum wl_shm_format format, int stride, int width, int height,
-		const unsigned char *pixels) {
+struct wlr_gles2_texture *gles2_get_texture_in_context(
+		struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture) {
+	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture = gles2_get_texture(wlr_texture);
+	assert(eglGetCurrentContext() == texture->renderer->egl->context);
+	return texture;
+}
+
+static void gles2_texture_get_size(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture, int *width,
+		int *height) {
 	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture = gles2_get_texture(wlr_texture);
+	*width = texture->width;
+	*height = texture->height;
+}
+
+static bool gles2_texture_write_pixels(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture,
+		enum wl_shm_format wl_fmt, uint32_t stride, uint32_t width,
+		uint32_t height, uint32_t src_x, uint32_t src_y, uint32_t dst_x,
+		uint32_t dst_y, const void *data) {
+	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture =
+		gles2_get_texture_in_context(wlr_texture);
+
+	if (texture->type != WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_GLTEX) {
+		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Cannot write pixels to immutable texture");
+		return false;
+	}
 
-	const struct gles2_pixel_format *fmt = gles2_format_from_wl(format);
-	if (!fmt || !fmt->gl_format) {
-		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "No supported pixel format for this texture");
+	const struct gles2_pixel_format *fmt = gles2_format_from_wl(wl_fmt);
+	if (fmt == NULL) {
+		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Unsupported pixel format %"PRIu32, wl_fmt);
 		return false;
 	}
-	texture->wlr_texture.width = width;
-	texture->wlr_texture.height = height;
-	texture->wlr_texture.format = format;
-	texture->pixel_format = fmt;
 
+	// TODO: what if the unpack subimage extension isn't supported?
 	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
-	gles2_texture_ensure(texture, GL_TEXTURE_2D);
-	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture->tex_id);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH_EXT, stride);
-	glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, fmt->gl_format, width, height, 0,
-		fmt->gl_format, fmt->gl_type, pixels);
-	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
 
-	texture->wlr_texture.valid = true;
-	return true;
-}
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture->gl_tex);
 
-static bool gles2_texture_update_pixels(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture,
-		enum wl_shm_format format, int stride, int x, int y,
-		int width, int height, const unsigned char *pixels) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture = gles2_get_texture(wlr_texture);
+	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH_EXT, stride / (fmt->bpp / 8));
+	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS_EXT, src_x);
+	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS_EXT, src_y);
 
-	// TODO: Test if the unpack subimage extension is supported and adjust the
-	// upload strategy if not
-	if (!texture->wlr_texture.valid
-			|| texture->wlr_texture.format != format
-		/*	|| unpack not supported */) {
-		return gles2_texture_upload_pixels(&texture->wlr_texture, format,
-			stride, width, height, pixels);
-	}
-	const struct gles2_pixel_format *fmt = texture->pixel_format;
-	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
-	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture->tex_id);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH_EXT, stride);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS_EXT, x);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS_EXT, y);
-	glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, x, y, width, height, fmt->gl_format,
-		fmt->gl_type, pixels);
+	glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, dst_x, dst_y, width, height,
+		fmt->gl_format, fmt->gl_type, data);
+
+	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH_EXT, 0);
 	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS_EXT, 0);
 	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS_EXT, 0);
+
 	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
 	return true;
 }
 
-static bool gles2_texture_upload_shm(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture,
-		uint32_t format, struct wl_shm_buffer *buffer) {
+static void gles2_texture_destroy(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture) {
+	if (wlr_texture == NULL) {
+		return;
+	}
+
 	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture = gles2_get_texture(wlr_texture);
 
-	const struct gles2_pixel_format *fmt = gles2_format_from_wl(format);
-	if (!fmt || !fmt->gl_format) {
-		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Unsupported pixel format %"PRIu32" for this texture",
-				format);
-		return false;
-	}
-	wl_shm_buffer_begin_access(buffer);
-	uint8_t *pixels = wl_shm_buffer_get_data(buffer);
-	int width = wl_shm_buffer_get_width(buffer);
-	int height = wl_shm_buffer_get_height(buffer);
-	int pitch = wl_shm_buffer_get_stride(buffer) / (fmt->bpp / 8);
-	texture->wlr_texture.width = width;
-	texture->wlr_texture.height = height;
-	texture->wlr_texture.format = format;
-	texture->pixel_format = fmt;
+	wlr_egl_make_current(texture->renderer->egl, EGL_NO_SURFACE, NULL);
 
 	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
-	gles2_texture_ensure(texture, GL_TEXTURE_2D);
-	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture->tex_id);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH_EXT, pitch);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS_EXT, 0);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS_EXT, 0);
-	glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, fmt->gl_format, width, height, 0,
-		fmt->gl_format, fmt->gl_type, pixels);
+
+	if (texture->image_tex) {
+		glDeleteTextures(1, &texture->image_tex);
+	}
+	if (texture->image) {
+		assert(eglDestroyImageKHR);
+		eglDestroyImageKHR(texture->renderer->egl->display, texture->image);
+	}
+
+	if (texture->type == WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_GLTEX) {
+		glDeleteTextures(1, &texture->gl_tex);
+	}
+
 	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
 
-	texture->wlr_texture.valid = true;
-	wl_shm_buffer_end_access(buffer);
-	return true;
+	free(texture);
 }
 
-static bool gles2_texture_update_shm(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture,
-		uint32_t format, int x, int y, int width, int height,
-		struct wl_shm_buffer *buffer) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture = gles2_get_texture(wlr_texture);
+static const struct wlr_texture_impl texture_impl = {
+	.get_size = gles2_texture_get_size,
+	.write_pixels = gles2_texture_write_pixels,
+	.destroy = gles2_texture_destroy,
+};
+
+struct wlr_texture *gles2_texture_from_pixels(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
+		enum wl_shm_format wl_fmt, uint32_t stride, uint32_t width,
+		uint32_t height, const void *data) {
+	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer =
+		gles2_get_renderer_in_context(wlr_renderer);
+
+	const struct gles2_pixel_format *fmt = gles2_format_from_wl(wl_fmt);
+	if (fmt == NULL) {
+		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Unsupported pixel format %"PRIu32, wl_fmt);
+		return NULL;
+	}
 
-	// TODO: Test if the unpack subimage extension is supported and adjust the
-	// upload strategy if not
-	assert(texture);
-	if (!texture->wlr_texture.valid
-			|| texture->wlr_texture.format != format
-		/*	|| unpack not supported */) {
-		return gles2_texture_upload_shm(&texture->wlr_texture, format, buffer);
+	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture =
+		calloc(1, sizeof(struct wlr_gles2_texture));
+	if (texture == NULL) {
+		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Allocation failed");
+		return NULL;
 	}
-	const struct gles2_pixel_format *fmt = texture->pixel_format;
-	wl_shm_buffer_begin_access(buffer);
-	uint8_t *pixels = wl_shm_buffer_get_data(buffer);
-	int pitch = wl_shm_buffer_get_stride(buffer) / (fmt->bpp / 8);
+	wlr_texture_init(&texture->wlr_texture, &texture_impl);
+	texture->renderer = renderer;
+	texture->width = width;
+	texture->height = height;
+	texture->type = WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_GLTEX;
+	texture->has_alpha = fmt->has_alpha;
 
 	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
-	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture->tex_id);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH_EXT, pitch);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS_EXT, x);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS_EXT, y);
-	glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, x, y, width, height,
-			fmt->gl_format, fmt->gl_type, pixels);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_PIXELS_EXT, 0);
-	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_SKIP_ROWS_EXT, 0);
-	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
 
-	wl_shm_buffer_end_access(buffer);
+	glGenTextures(1, &texture->gl_tex);
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture->gl_tex);
 
-	return true;
+	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH_EXT, stride / (fmt->bpp / 8));
+	glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, fmt->gl_format, width, height, 0,
+		fmt->gl_format, fmt->gl_type, data);
+	glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH_EXT, 0);
+
+	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
+	return (struct wlr_texture *)texture;
 }
 
-static bool gles2_texture_upload_drm(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture,
-		struct wl_resource *buf) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_texture *tex = gles2_get_texture(wlr_texture);
-	if (!glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES) {
-		return false;
+struct wlr_texture *gles2_texture_from_wl_drm(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
+		struct wl_resource *data) {
+	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer = gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
+
+	if (!eglQueryWaylandBufferWL || !eglCreateImageKHR ||
+			!glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES) {
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	EGLint format;
-	if (!wlr_egl_query_buffer(tex->egl, buf, EGL_TEXTURE_FORMAT, &format)) {
-		wlr_log(L_INFO, "upload_drm called with no drm buffer");
-		return false;
+	EGLint fmt;
+	if (!eglQueryWaylandBufferWL(renderer->egl->display, data,
+			EGL_TEXTURE_FORMAT, &fmt)) {
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	wlr_egl_query_buffer(tex->egl, buf, EGL_WIDTH,
-		(EGLint*)&tex->wlr_texture.width);
-	wlr_egl_query_buffer(tex->egl, buf, EGL_HEIGHT,
-		(EGLint*)&tex->wlr_texture.height);
+	EGLint width, height;
+	eglQueryWaylandBufferWL(renderer->egl->display, data, EGL_WIDTH, &width);
+	eglQueryWaylandBufferWL(renderer->egl->display, data, EGL_HEIGHT, &height);
 
 	EGLint inverted_y;
-	if (wlr_egl_query_buffer(tex->egl, buf, EGL_WAYLAND_Y_INVERTED_WL,
-			&inverted_y)) {
-		tex->wlr_texture.inverted_y = !!inverted_y;
+	if (!eglQueryWaylandBufferWL(renderer->egl->display, data,
+			EGL_WAYLAND_Y_INVERTED_WL, &inverted_y)) {
+		inverted_y = 0;
 	}
 
+	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture =
+		calloc(1, sizeof(struct wlr_gles2_texture));
+	if (texture == NULL) {
+		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Allocation failed");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	wlr_texture_init(&texture->wlr_texture, &texture_impl);
+	texture->renderer = renderer;
+	texture->width = width;
+	texture->height = height;
+	texture->wl_drm = data;
+	texture->inverted_y = !!inverted_y;
+
 	GLenum target;
-	const struct gles2_pixel_format *pf;
-	switch (format) {
+	switch (fmt) {
 	case EGL_TEXTURE_RGB:
 	case EGL_TEXTURE_RGBA:
 		target = GL_TEXTURE_2D;
-		pf = gles2_format_from_wl(WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB8888);
+		texture->type = WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_WL_DRM_GL;
+		texture->has_alpha = fmt == EGL_TEXTURE_RGBA;
 		break;
 	case EGL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_WL:
 		target = GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES;
-		pf = &external_pixel_format;
+		texture->type = WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_WL_DRM_EXT;
+		texture->has_alpha = true;
 		break;
 	default:
-		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "invalid/unsupported egl buffer format");
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
-	gles2_texture_ensure(tex, target);
-	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, tex->tex_id);
-	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
-
-	EGLint attribs[] = { EGL_WAYLAND_PLANE_WL, 0, EGL_NONE };
-
-	if (tex->image) {
-		wlr_egl_destroy_image(tex->egl, tex->image);
+		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Invalid or unsupported EGL buffer format");
+		free(texture);
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	tex->image = wlr_egl_create_image(tex->egl, EGL_WAYLAND_BUFFER_WL,
-		(EGLClientBuffer*) buf, attribs);
-	if (!tex->image) {
-		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "failed to create EGL image");
- 		return false;
+	EGLint attribs[] = {
+		EGL_WAYLAND_PLANE_WL, 0,
+		EGL_NONE,
+	};
+	texture->image = eglCreateImageKHR(renderer->egl->display,
+		renderer->egl->context, EGL_WAYLAND_BUFFER_WL, data, attribs);
+	if (texture->image == NULL) {
+		free(texture);
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
 	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
-	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
-	glBindTexture(target, tex->tex_id);
-	glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES(target, tex->image);
-	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
-	tex->wlr_texture.valid = true;
-	tex->pixel_format = pf;
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-static bool gles2_texture_upload_eglimage(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture,
-		EGLImageKHR image, uint32_t width, uint32_t height) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_texture *tex = gles2_get_texture(wlr_texture);
 
-	tex->image = image;
-	tex->pixel_format = &external_pixel_format;
-	tex->wlr_texture.valid = true;
-	tex->wlr_texture.width = width;
-	tex->wlr_texture.height = height;
+	glGenTextures(1, &texture->image_tex);
+	glBindTexture(target, texture->image_tex);
+	glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES(target, texture->image);
 
-	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
-	gles2_texture_ensure(tex, GL_TEXTURE_2D);
-	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
-	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, tex->tex_id);
-	glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, tex->image);
 	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
-
-	return true;
+	return (struct wlr_texture *)texture;
 }
 
-static bool gles2_texture_upload_dmabuf(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture,
-		struct wl_resource *dmabuf_resource) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_texture *tex = gles2_get_texture(wlr_texture);
-	struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *dmabuf =
-		wlr_dmabuf_buffer_from_buffer_resource(dmabuf_resource);
-
-	if (!tex->egl->egl_exts.dmabuf_import) {
-		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Want dmabuf but extension not present");
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	tex->wlr_texture.width = dmabuf->attributes.width;
-	tex->wlr_texture.height = dmabuf->attributes.height;
-
-	if (tex->image) {
-		wlr_egl_destroy_image(tex->egl, tex->image);
-	}
-
-	if (wlr_dmabuf_buffer_has_inverted_y(dmabuf)) {
-		wlr_texture->inverted_y = true;
-	}
+struct wlr_texture *gles2_texture_from_dmabuf(struct wlr_renderer *wlr_renderer,
+		struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs *attribs) {
+	struct wlr_gles2_renderer *renderer = gles2_get_renderer(wlr_renderer);
 
-	GLenum target = GL_TEXTURE_2D;
-	const struct gles2_pixel_format *pf =
-		gles2_format_from_wl(WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB8888);
-	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
-	gles2_texture_ensure(tex, target);
-	glBindTexture(target, tex->tex_id);
-	tex->image = wlr_egl_create_image_from_dmabuf(tex->egl, &dmabuf->attributes);
-	glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
-	glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES(target, tex->image);
-	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
-	tex->pixel_format = pf;
-	tex->wlr_texture.valid = true;
-	return true;
-}
-
-static bool gles2_texture_get_dmabuf_size(struct wlr_texture *texture, struct
-		wl_resource *resource, int *width, int *height) {
-	if (!wlr_dmabuf_resource_is_buffer(resource)) {
-		return false;
+	if (!glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES) {
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *dmabuf =
-		wlr_dmabuf_buffer_from_buffer_resource(resource);
-	*width = dmabuf->attributes.width;
-	*height = dmabuf->attributes.height;
-	return true;
-}
-
-static void gles2_texture_get_buffer_size(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-		struct wl_resource *resource, int *width, int *height) {
-	struct wl_shm_buffer *buffer = wl_shm_buffer_get(resource);
-	if (!buffer) {
-		struct wlr_gles2_texture *tex = (struct wlr_gles2_texture *)texture;
-		if (!glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES) {
-			return;
-		}
-		if (!wlr_egl_query_buffer(tex->egl, resource, EGL_WIDTH,
-				(EGLint*)width)) {
-			if (!gles2_texture_get_dmabuf_size(texture, resource, width,
-					height)) {
-				wlr_log(L_ERROR, "could not get size of the buffer");
-				return;
-			}
-		}
-		wlr_egl_query_buffer(tex->egl, resource, EGL_HEIGHT, (EGLint*)height);
-
-		return;
+	if (!renderer->egl->egl_exts.dmabuf_import) {
+		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Cannot create DMA-BUF texture: EGL extension "
+			"unavailable");
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	*width = wl_shm_buffer_get_width(buffer);
-	*height = wl_shm_buffer_get_height(buffer);
-}
-
-static void gles2_texture_destroy(struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture = gles2_get_texture(wlr_texture);
-
-	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&texture->wlr_texture.destroy_signal,
-		&texture->wlr_texture);
-	if (texture->tex_id) {
-		GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
-		glDeleteTextures(1, &texture->tex_id);
-		GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
+	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture =
+		calloc(1, sizeof(struct wlr_gles2_texture));
+	if (texture == NULL) {
+		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Allocation failed");
+		return NULL;
 	}
-
-	if (texture->image) {
-		wlr_egl_destroy_image(texture->egl, texture->image);
+	wlr_texture_init(&texture->wlr_texture, &texture_impl);
+	texture->renderer = renderer;
+	texture->width = attribs->width;
+	texture->height = attribs->height;
+	texture->type = WLR_GLES2_TEXTURE_DMABUF;
+	texture->has_alpha = true;
+	texture->inverted_y =
+		(attribs->flags & WLR_DMABUF_BUFFER_ATTRIBS_FLAGS_Y_INVERT) != 0;
+
+	texture->image = wlr_egl_create_image_from_dmabuf(renderer->egl, attribs);
+	if (texture->image == NULL) {
+		free(texture);
+		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	free(texture);
-}
+	GLES2_DEBUG_PUSH;
 
-static const struct wlr_texture_impl texture_impl = {
-	.upload_pixels = gles2_texture_upload_pixels,
-	.update_pixels = gles2_texture_update_pixels,
-	.upload_shm = gles2_texture_upload_shm,
-	.update_shm = gles2_texture_update_shm,
-	.upload_drm = gles2_texture_upload_drm,
-	.upload_dmabuf = gles2_texture_upload_dmabuf,
-	.upload_eglimage = gles2_texture_upload_eglimage,
-	.get_buffer_size = gles2_texture_get_buffer_size,
-	.destroy = gles2_texture_destroy,
-};
+	glGenTextures(1, &texture->image_tex);
+	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, texture->image_tex);
+	glEGLImageTargetTexture2DOES(GL_TEXTURE_EXTERNAL_OES, texture->image);
 
-struct wlr_texture *gles2_texture_create(struct wlr_egl *egl) {
-	struct wlr_gles2_texture *texture;
-	if (!(texture = calloc(1, sizeof(struct wlr_gles2_texture)))) {
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	wlr_texture_init(&texture->wlr_texture, &texture_impl);
-	texture->egl = egl;
-	return &texture->wlr_texture;
+	GLES2_DEBUG_POP;
+	return (struct wlr_texture *)texture;
 }
diff --git a/render/wlr_renderer.c b/render/wlr_renderer.c
index 622aa1dd..e33c2bed 100644
--- a/render/wlr_renderer.c
+++ b/render/wlr_renderer.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include <assert.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <wlr/render/interface.h>
@@ -6,6 +7,15 @@
 
 void wlr_renderer_init(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
 		const struct wlr_renderer_impl *impl) {
+	assert(impl->begin);
+	assert(impl->clear);
+	assert(impl->scissor);
+	assert(impl->render_texture_with_matrix);
+	assert(impl->render_quad_with_matrix);
+	assert(impl->render_ellipse_with_matrix);
+	assert(impl->formats);
+	assert(impl->format_supported);
+	assert(impl->texture_from_pixels);
 	renderer->impl = impl;
 }
 
@@ -22,7 +32,9 @@ void wlr_renderer_begin(struct wlr_renderer *r, int width, int height) {
 }
 
 void wlr_renderer_end(struct wlr_renderer *r) {
-	r->impl->end(r);
+	if (r->impl->end) {
+		r->impl->end(r);
+	}
 }
 
 void wlr_renderer_clear(struct wlr_renderer *r, const float color[static 4]) {
@@ -33,19 +45,16 @@ void wlr_renderer_scissor(struct wlr_renderer *r, struct wlr_box *box) {
 	r->impl->scissor(r, box);
 }
 
-struct wlr_texture *wlr_render_texture_create(struct wlr_renderer *r) {
-	return r->impl->texture_create(r);
-}
-
 bool wlr_render_texture(struct wlr_renderer *r, struct wlr_texture *texture,
 		const float projection[static 9], int x, int y, float alpha) {
-	float mat[9];
-	wlr_matrix_identity(mat);
-	wlr_matrix_translate(mat, x, y);
-	wlr_matrix_scale(mat, texture->width, texture->height);
-	wlr_matrix_multiply(mat, projection, mat);
+	struct wlr_box box = { .x = x, .y = y };
+	wlr_texture_get_size(texture, &box.width, &box.height);
+
+	float matrix[9];
+	wlr_matrix_project_box(matrix, &box, WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_NORMAL, 0,
+		projection);
 
-	return wlr_render_texture_with_matrix(r, texture, mat, alpha);
+	return wlr_render_texture_with_matrix(r, texture, matrix, alpha);
 }
 
 bool wlr_render_texture_with_matrix(struct wlr_renderer *r,
@@ -54,14 +63,32 @@ bool wlr_render_texture_with_matrix(struct wlr_renderer *r,
 	return r->impl->render_texture_with_matrix(r, texture, matrix, alpha);
 }
 
-void wlr_render_colored_quad(struct wlr_renderer *r,
+void wlr_render_rect(struct wlr_renderer *r, const struct wlr_box *box,
+		const float color[static 4], const float projection[static 9]) {
+	float matrix[9];
+	wlr_matrix_project_box(matrix, box, WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_NORMAL, 0,
+		projection);
+
+	wlr_render_quad_with_matrix(r, color, matrix);
+}
+
+void wlr_render_quad_with_matrix(struct wlr_renderer *r,
 		const float color[static 4], const float matrix[static 9]) {
-	r->impl->render_quad(r, color, matrix);
+	r->impl->render_quad_with_matrix(r, color, matrix);
 }
 
-void wlr_render_colored_ellipse(struct wlr_renderer *r,
+void wlr_render_ellipse(struct wlr_renderer *r, const struct wlr_box *box,
+		const float color[static 4], const float projection[static 9]) {
+	float matrix[9];
+	wlr_matrix_project_box(matrix, box, WL_OUTPUT_TRANSFORM_NORMAL, 0,
+		projection);
+
+	wlr_render_ellipse_with_matrix(r, color, matrix);
+}
+
+void wlr_render_ellipse_with_matrix(struct wlr_renderer *r,
 		const float color[static 4], const float matrix[static 9]) {
-	r->impl->render_ellipse(r, color, matrix);
+	r->impl->render_ellipse_with_matrix(r, color, matrix);
 }
 
 const enum wl_shm_format *wlr_renderer_get_formats(
@@ -69,15 +96,29 @@ const enum wl_shm_format *wlr_renderer_get_formats(
 	return r->impl->formats(r, len);
 }
 
-bool wlr_renderer_buffer_is_drm(struct wlr_renderer *r,
-		struct wl_resource *buffer) {
-	return r->impl->buffer_is_drm(r, buffer);
+bool wlr_renderer_resource_is_wl_drm_buffer(struct wlr_renderer *r,
+		struct wl_resource *resource) {
+	if (!r->impl->resource_is_wl_drm_buffer) {
+		return false;
+	}
+	return r->impl->resource_is_wl_drm_buffer(r, resource);
+}
+
+void wlr_renderer_wl_drm_buffer_get_size(struct wlr_renderer *r,
+		struct wl_resource *buffer, int *width, int *height) {
+	if (!r->impl->wl_drm_buffer_get_size) {
+		return;
+	}
+	return r->impl->wl_drm_buffer_get_size(r, buffer, width, height);
 }
 
 bool wlr_renderer_read_pixels(struct wlr_renderer *r, enum wl_shm_format fmt,
 		uint32_t stride, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
 		uint32_t src_x, uint32_t src_y, uint32_t dst_x, uint32_t dst_y,
 		void *data) {
+	if (!r->impl->read_pixels) {
+		return false;
+	}
 	return r->impl->read_pixels(r, fmt, stride, width, height, src_x, src_y,
 		dst_x, dst_y, data);
 }
diff --git a/render/wlr_texture.c b/render/wlr_texture.c
index 33c91822..9aecfd98 100644
--- a/render/wlr_texture.c
+++ b/render/wlr_texture.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#include <assert.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <wlr/render/interface.h>
@@ -5,8 +6,9 @@
 
 void wlr_texture_init(struct wlr_texture *texture,
 		const struct wlr_texture_impl *impl) {
+	assert(impl->get_size);
+	assert(impl->write_pixels);
 	texture->impl = impl;
-	wl_signal_init(&texture->destroy_signal);
 }
 
 void wlr_texture_destroy(struct wlr_texture *texture) {
@@ -17,45 +19,38 @@ void wlr_texture_destroy(struct wlr_texture *texture) {
 	}
 }
 
-bool wlr_texture_upload_pixels(struct wlr_texture *texture, uint32_t format,
-		int stride, int width, int height, const unsigned char *pixels) {
-	return texture->impl->upload_pixels(texture, format, stride,
-			width, height, pixels);
+struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture_from_pixels(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+		enum wl_shm_format wl_fmt, uint32_t stride, uint32_t width,
+		uint32_t height, const void *data) {
+	return renderer->impl->texture_from_pixels(renderer, wl_fmt, stride, width,
+		height, data);
 }
 
-bool wlr_texture_update_pixels(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-		enum wl_shm_format format, int stride, int x, int y,
-		int width, int height, const unsigned char *pixels) {
-	return texture->impl->update_pixels(texture, format, stride, x, y,
-			width, height, pixels);
-}
-
-bool wlr_texture_upload_shm(struct wlr_texture *texture, uint32_t format,
-		struct wl_shm_buffer *shm) {
-	return texture->impl->upload_shm(texture, format, shm);
-}
-
-bool wlr_texture_update_shm(struct wlr_texture *texture, uint32_t format,
-		int x, int y, int width, int height, struct wl_shm_buffer *shm) {
-	return texture->impl->update_shm(texture, format, x, y, width, height, shm);
-}
-
-bool wlr_texture_upload_drm(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-		struct wl_resource *drm_buffer) {
-	return texture->impl->upload_drm(texture, drm_buffer);
+struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture_from_wl_drm(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+		struct wl_resource *data) {
+	if (!renderer->impl->texture_from_wl_drm) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return renderer->impl->texture_from_wl_drm(renderer, data);
 }
 
-bool wlr_texture_upload_eglimage(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-		EGLImageKHR image, uint32_t width, uint32_t height) {
-	return texture->impl->upload_eglimage(texture, image, width, height);
+struct wlr_texture *wlr_texture_from_dmabuf(struct wlr_renderer *renderer,
+		struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer_attribs *attribs) {
+	if (!renderer->impl->texture_from_dmabuf) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return renderer->impl->texture_from_dmabuf(renderer, attribs);
 }
 
-bool wlr_texture_upload_dmabuf(struct wlr_texture *texture,
-		struct wl_resource *dmabuf_resource) {
-	return texture->impl->upload_dmabuf(texture, dmabuf_resource);
+void wlr_texture_get_size(struct wlr_texture *texture, int *width,
+		int *height) {
+	return texture->impl->get_size(texture, width, height);
 }
 
-void wlr_texture_get_buffer_size(struct wlr_texture *texture, struct wl_resource
-		*resource, int *width, int *height) {
-	texture->impl->get_buffer_size(texture, resource, width, height);
+bool wlr_texture_write_pixels(struct wlr_texture *texture,
+		enum wl_shm_format wl_fmt, uint32_t stride, uint32_t width,
+		uint32_t height, uint32_t src_x, uint32_t src_y, uint32_t dst_x,
+		uint32_t dst_y, const void *data) {
+	return texture->impl->write_pixels(texture, wl_fmt, stride, width, height,
+		src_x, src_y, dst_x, dst_y, data);
 }
diff --git a/rootston/config.c b/rootston/config.c
index e63efc0b..0883f6d4 100644
--- a/rootston/config.c
+++ b/rootston/config.c
@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@ static void usage(const char *name, int ret) {
 		"                (default: rootston.ini).\n"
 		"                See `rootston.ini.example` for config\n"
 		"                file documentation.\n"
-		" -E <COMMAND>   Command that will be ran at startup.\n" , name);
+		" -E <COMMAND>   Command that will be ran at startup.\n"
+		" -D             Enable damage tracking debugging.\n",
+		name);
 
 	exit(ret);
 }
@@ -394,7 +396,7 @@ struct roots_config *roots_config_create_from_args(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 	wl_list_init(&config->bindings);
 
 	int c;
-	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "C:E:h")) != -1) {
+	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "C:E:hD")) != -1) {
 		switch (c) {
 		case 'C':
 			config->config_path = strdup(optarg);
@@ -402,6 +404,9 @@ struct roots_config *roots_config_create_from_args(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 		case 'E':
 			config->startup_cmd = strdup(optarg);
 			break;
+		case 'D':
+			config->debug_damage_tracking = true;
+			break;
 		case 'h':
 		case '?':
 			usage(argv[0], c != 'h');
diff --git a/rootston/desktop.c b/rootston/desktop.c
index 65d9a280..15e0e336 100644
--- a/rootston/desktop.c
+++ b/rootston/desktop.c
@@ -9,9 +9,10 @@
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_cursor.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_gamma_control.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_idle.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_idle_inhibit_v1.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_layer_shell.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_output_layout.h>
-#include <wlr/types/wlr_idle_inhibit_v1.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_primary_selection.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_server_decoration.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_wl_shell.h>
@@ -187,6 +188,25 @@ static struct wlr_output *view_get_output(struct roots_view *view) {
 		output_y);
 }
 
+void view_arrange_maximized(struct roots_view *view) {
+	struct wlr_box view_box;
+	view_get_box(view, &view_box);
+
+	struct wlr_output *output = view_get_output(view);
+	struct roots_output *roots_output = output->data;
+	struct wlr_box *output_box =
+		wlr_output_layout_get_box(view->desktop->layout, output);
+	struct wlr_box usable_area;
+	memcpy(&usable_area, &roots_output->usable_area,
+			sizeof(struct wlr_box));
+	usable_area.x += output_box->x;
+	usable_area.y += output_box->y;
+
+	view_move_resize(view, usable_area.x, usable_area.y,
+			usable_area.width, usable_area.height);
+	view_rotate(view, 0);
+}
+
 void view_maximize(struct roots_view *view, bool maximized) {
 	if (view->maximized == maximized) {
 		return;
@@ -197,23 +217,14 @@ void view_maximize(struct roots_view *view, bool maximized) {
 	}
 
 	if (!view->maximized && maximized) {
-		struct wlr_box view_box;
-		view_get_box(view, &view_box);
-
 		view->maximized = true;
 		view->saved.x = view->x;
 		view->saved.y = view->y;
 		view->saved.rotation = view->rotation;
-		view->saved.width = view_box.width;
-		view->saved.height = view_box.height;
-
-		struct wlr_output *output = view_get_output(view);
-		struct wlr_box *output_box =
-			wlr_output_layout_get_box(view->desktop->layout, output);
+		view->saved.width = view->width;
+		view->saved.height = view->height;
 
-		view_move_resize(view, output_box->x, output_box->y, output_box->width,
-			output_box->height);
-		view_rotate(view, 0);
+		view_arrange_maximized(view);
 	}
 
 	if (view->maximized && !maximized) {
@@ -714,6 +725,11 @@ struct roots_desktop *desktop_create(struct roots_server *server,
 		&desktop->wl_shell_surface);
 	desktop->wl_shell_surface.notify = handle_wl_shell_surface;
 
+	desktop->layer_shell = wlr_layer_shell_create(server->wl_display);
+	wl_signal_add(&desktop->layer_shell->events.new_surface,
+		&desktop->layer_shell_surface);
+	desktop->layer_shell_surface.notify = handle_layer_shell_surface;
+
 #ifdef WLR_HAS_XWAYLAND
 	const char *cursor_theme = NULL;
 	const char *cursor_default = ROOTS_XCURSOR_DEFAULT;
diff --git a/rootston/input.c b/rootston/input.c
index 657b0946..3e1b06fb 100644
--- a/rootston/input.c
+++ b/rootston/input.c
@@ -2,10 +2,13 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <wayland-server.h>
 #include <wlr/backend/libinput.h>
+#include <wlr/config.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_cursor.h>
 #include <wlr/util/log.h>
 #include <wlr/xcursor.h>
+#ifdef WLR_HAS_XWAYLAND
 #include <wlr/xwayland.h>
+#endif
 #include "rootston/config.h"
 #include "rootston/input.h"
 #include "rootston/keyboard.h"
diff --git a/rootston/layer_shell.c b/rootston/layer_shell.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..06ab15c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rootston/layer_shell.c
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <wayland-server.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_box.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_surface.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_layer_shell.h>
+#include <wlr/util/log.h>
+#include "rootston/desktop.h"
+#include "rootston/layers.h"
+#include "rootston/output.h"
+#include "rootston/server.h"
+
+static void apply_exclusive(struct wlr_box *usable_area,
+		uint32_t anchor, int32_t exclusive,
+		int32_t margin_top, int32_t margin_right,
+		int32_t margin_bottom, int32_t margin_left) {
+	if (exclusive <= 0) {
+		return;
+	}
+	struct {
+		uint32_t anchors;
+		int *positive_axis;
+		int *negative_axis;
+		int margin;
+	} edges[] = {
+		{
+			.anchors =
+				ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_LEFT |
+				ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_RIGHT |
+				ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_TOP,
+			.positive_axis = &usable_area->y,
+			.negative_axis = &usable_area->height,
+			.margin = margin_top,
+		},
+		{
+			.anchors =
+				ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_LEFT |
+				ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_RIGHT |
+				ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_BOTTOM,
+			.positive_axis = NULL,
+			.negative_axis = &usable_area->height,
+			.margin = margin_bottom,
+		},
+		{
+			.anchors =
+				ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_LEFT |
+				ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_TOP |
+				ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_BOTTOM,
+			.positive_axis = &usable_area->x,
+			.negative_axis = &usable_area->width,
+			.margin = margin_left,
+		},
+		{
+			.anchors =
+				ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_RIGHT |
+				ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_TOP |
+				ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_BOTTOM,
+			.positive_axis = NULL,
+			.negative_axis = &usable_area->width,
+			.margin = margin_right,
+		},
+	};
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(edges) / sizeof(edges[0]); ++i) {
+		if ((anchor & edges[i].anchors) == edges[i].anchors) {
+			if (edges[i].positive_axis) {
+				*edges[i].positive_axis += exclusive + edges[i].margin;
+			}
+			if (edges[i].negative_axis) {
+				*edges[i].negative_axis -= exclusive + edges[i].margin;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void arrange_layer(struct wlr_output *output, struct wl_list *list,
+		struct wlr_box *usable_area, bool exclusive) {
+	struct roots_layer_surface *roots_surface;
+	struct wlr_box full_area = { 0 };
+	wlr_output_effective_resolution(output,
+			&full_area.width, &full_area.height);
+	wl_list_for_each(roots_surface, list, link) {
+		struct wlr_layer_surface *layer = roots_surface->layer_surface;
+		struct wlr_layer_surface_state *state = &layer->current;
+		if (exclusive != (state->exclusive_zone >0)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+		struct wlr_box bounds;
+		if (state->exclusive_zone == -1) {
+			bounds = full_area;
+		} else {
+			bounds = *usable_area;
+		}
+		struct wlr_box box = {
+			.width = state->desired_width,
+			.height = state->desired_height
+		};
+		// Horizontal axis
+		const uint32_t both_horiz = ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_LEFT
+			| ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_RIGHT;
+		if ((state->anchor & both_horiz) && box.width == 0) {
+			box.x = bounds.x;
+			box.width = bounds.width;
+		} else if ((state->anchor & ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_LEFT)) {
+			box.x = bounds.x;
+		} else if ((state->anchor & ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_RIGHT)) {
+			box.x = bounds.x + (bounds.width - box.width);
+		} else {
+			box.x = bounds.x + ((bounds.width / 2) - (box.width / 2));
+		}
+		// Vertical axis
+		const uint32_t both_vert = ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_TOP
+			| ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_BOTTOM;
+		if ((state->anchor & both_vert) && box.height == 0) {
+			box.y = bounds.y;
+			box.height = bounds.height;
+		} else if ((state->anchor & ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_TOP)) {
+			box.y = bounds.y;
+		} else if ((state->anchor & ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_BOTTOM)) {
+			box.y = bounds.y + (bounds.height - box.height);
+		} else {
+			box.y = bounds.y + ((bounds.height / 2) - (box.height / 2));
+		}
+		// Margin
+		if ((state->anchor & both_horiz) == both_horiz) {
+			box.x += state->margin.left;
+			box.width -= state->margin.left + state->margin.right;
+		} else if ((state->anchor & ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_LEFT)) {
+			box.x += state->margin.left;
+		} else if ((state->anchor & ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_RIGHT)) {
+			box.x -= state->margin.right;
+		}
+		if ((state->anchor & both_vert) == both_vert) {
+			box.y += state->margin.top;
+			box.height -= state->margin.top + state->margin.bottom;
+		} else if ((state->anchor & ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_TOP)) {
+			box.y += state->margin.top;
+		} else if ((state->anchor & ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_BOTTOM)) {
+			box.y -= state->margin.bottom;
+		}
+		if (box.width < 0 || box.height < 0) {
+			// TODO: Bubble up a protocol error?
+			wlr_layer_surface_close(layer);
+			continue;
+		}
+		// Apply
+		roots_surface->geo = box;
+		apply_exclusive(usable_area, state->anchor, state->exclusive_zone,
+				state->margin.top, state->margin.right,
+				state->margin.bottom, state->margin.left);
+		wlr_layer_surface_configure(layer, box.width, box.height);
+	}
+}
+
+static void arrange_layers(struct wlr_output *_output) {
+	struct roots_output *output = _output->data;
+
+	struct wlr_box usable_area = { 0 };
+	wlr_output_effective_resolution(output->wlr_output,
+			&usable_area.width, &usable_area.height);
+
+	// Arrange exclusive surfaces from top->bottom
+	arrange_layer(output->wlr_output,
+			&output->layers[ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_OVERLAY],
+			&usable_area, true);
+	arrange_layer(output->wlr_output,
+			&output->layers[ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_TOP],
+			&usable_area, true);
+	arrange_layer(output->wlr_output,
+			&output->layers[ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_BOTTOM],
+			&usable_area, true);
+	arrange_layer(output->wlr_output,
+			&output->layers[ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_BACKGROUND],
+			&usable_area, true);
+	memcpy(&output->usable_area, &usable_area, sizeof(struct wlr_box));
+
+	struct roots_view *view;
+	wl_list_for_each(view, &output->desktop->views, link) {
+		if (view->maximized) {
+			view_arrange_maximized(view);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Arrange non-exlusive surfaces from top->bottom
+	usable_area.x = usable_area.y = 0;
+	wlr_output_effective_resolution(output->wlr_output,
+			&usable_area.width, &usable_area.height);
+	arrange_layer(output->wlr_output,
+			&output->layers[ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_OVERLAY],
+			&usable_area, false);
+	arrange_layer(output->wlr_output,
+			&output->layers[ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_TOP],
+			&usable_area, false);
+	arrange_layer(output->wlr_output,
+			&output->layers[ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_BOTTOM],
+			&usable_area, false);
+	arrange_layer(output->wlr_output,
+			&output->layers[ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_BACKGROUND],
+			&usable_area, false);
+}
+
+static void handle_output_destroy(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
+	struct roots_layer_surface *layer =
+		wl_container_of(listener, layer, output_destroy);
+	layer->layer_surface->output = NULL;
+	wl_list_remove(&layer->output_destroy.link);
+	wl_list_remove(&layer->output_mode.link);
+	wlr_layer_surface_close(layer->layer_surface);
+}
+
+static void handle_output_mode(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
+	arrange_layers((struct wlr_output *)data);
+}
+
+static void handle_output_transform(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
+	arrange_layers((struct wlr_output *)data);
+}
+
+static void handle_surface_commit(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
+	struct roots_layer_surface *layer =
+		wl_container_of(listener, layer, surface_commit);
+	struct wlr_layer_surface *layer_surface = layer->layer_surface;
+	struct wlr_output *wlr_output = layer_surface->output;
+	if (wlr_output != NULL) {
+		struct roots_output *output = wlr_output->data;
+		struct wlr_box old_geo = layer->geo;
+		arrange_layers(wlr_output);
+		if (memcmp(&old_geo, &layer->geo, sizeof(struct wlr_box)) != 0) {
+			output_damage_whole_local_surface(output, layer_surface->surface,
+					old_geo.x, old_geo.y, 0);
+			output_damage_whole_local_surface(output, layer_surface->surface,
+					layer->geo.x, layer->geo.y, 0);
+		} else {
+			output_damage_from_local_surface(output, layer_surface->surface,
+					layer->geo.x, layer->geo.y, 0);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void unmap(struct wlr_layer_surface *layer_surface) {
+	struct roots_layer_surface *layer = layer_surface->data;
+	struct wlr_output *wlr_output = layer_surface->output;
+	if (wlr_output != NULL) {
+		struct roots_output *output = wlr_output->data;
+		wlr_output_damage_add_box(output->damage, &layer->geo);
+	}
+}
+
+static void handle_destroy(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
+	struct roots_layer_surface *layer = wl_container_of(
+			listener, layer, destroy);
+	if (layer->layer_surface->mapped) {
+		unmap(layer->layer_surface);
+	}
+	wl_list_remove(&layer->link);
+	wl_list_remove(&layer->destroy.link);
+	wl_list_remove(&layer->map.link);
+	wl_list_remove(&layer->unmap.link);
+	wl_list_remove(&layer->surface_commit.link);
+	wl_list_remove(&layer->output_destroy.link);
+	wl_list_remove(&layer->output_mode.link);
+	wl_list_remove(&layer->output_transform.link);
+	arrange_layers(layer->layer_surface->output);
+	free(layer);
+}
+
+static void handle_map(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
+	struct wlr_layer_surface *layer_surface = data;
+	struct roots_layer_surface *layer = layer_surface->data;
+	struct wlr_output *wlr_output = layer_surface->output;
+	struct roots_output *output = wlr_output->data;
+	wlr_output_damage_add_box(output->damage, &layer->geo);
+}
+
+static void handle_unmap(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
+	struct roots_layer_surface *layer = wl_container_of(
+			listener, layer, unmap);
+	unmap(layer->layer_surface);
+}
+
+void handle_layer_shell_surface(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
+	struct wlr_layer_surface *layer_surface = data;
+	struct roots_desktop *desktop =
+		wl_container_of(listener, desktop, layer_shell_surface);
+	wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "new layer surface: namespace %s layer %d anchor %d "
+			"size %dx%d margin %d,%d,%d,%d",
+		layer_surface->namespace, layer_surface->layer, layer_surface->layer,
+		layer_surface->client_pending.desired_width,
+		layer_surface->client_pending.desired_height,
+		layer_surface->client_pending.margin.top,
+		layer_surface->client_pending.margin.right,
+		layer_surface->client_pending.margin.bottom,
+		layer_surface->client_pending.margin.left);
+
+	struct roots_layer_surface *roots_surface =
+		calloc(1, sizeof(struct roots_layer_surface));
+	if (!roots_surface) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	roots_surface->surface_commit.notify = handle_surface_commit;
+	wl_signal_add(&layer_surface->surface->events.commit,
+		&roots_surface->surface_commit);
+
+	roots_surface->output_destroy.notify = handle_output_destroy;
+	wl_signal_add(&layer_surface->output->events.destroy,
+		&roots_surface->output_destroy);
+
+	roots_surface->output_mode.notify = handle_output_mode;
+	wl_signal_add(&layer_surface->output->events.mode,
+		&roots_surface->output_mode);
+
+	roots_surface->output_transform.notify = handle_output_transform;
+	wl_signal_add(&layer_surface->output->events.transform,
+		&roots_surface->output_transform);
+
+	roots_surface->destroy.notify = handle_destroy;
+	wl_signal_add(&layer_surface->events.destroy, &roots_surface->destroy);
+	roots_surface->map.notify = handle_map;
+	wl_signal_add(&layer_surface->events.map, &roots_surface->map);
+	roots_surface->unmap.notify = handle_unmap;
+	wl_signal_add(&layer_surface->events.unmap, &roots_surface->unmap);
+	// TODO: Listen for subsurfaces
+
+	roots_surface->layer_surface = layer_surface;
+	layer_surface->data = roots_surface;
+
+	struct roots_output *output = layer_surface->output->data;
+	wl_list_insert(&output->layers[layer_surface->layer], &roots_surface->link);
+
+	// Temporarily set the layer's current state to client_pending
+	// So that we can easily arrange it
+	struct wlr_layer_surface_state old_state = layer_surface->current;
+	layer_surface->current = layer_surface->client_pending;
+
+	arrange_layers(output->wlr_output);
+
+	layer_surface->current = old_state;
+}
diff --git a/rootston/meson.build b/rootston/meson.build
index 9dbe37c2..1b78c7c8 100644
--- a/rootston/meson.build
+++ b/rootston/meson.build
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ sources = [
 	'ini.c',
 	'input.c',
 	'keyboard.c',
+	'layer_shell.c',
 	'main.c',
 	'output.c',
 	'seat.c',
diff --git a/rootston/output.c b/rootston/output.c
index 1284c928..d903963e 100644
--- a/rootston/output.c
+++ b/rootston/output.c
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <time.h>
+#include <wlr/config.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_matrix.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_compositor.h>
 #include <wlr/types/wlr_output_layout.h>
@@ -12,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <wlr/util/log.h>
 #include <wlr/util/region.h>
 #include "rootston/config.h"
+#include "rootston/layers.h"
 #include "rootston/output.h"
 #include "rootston/server.h"
 
@@ -363,7 +365,7 @@ static void render_decorations(struct roots_view *view,
 		pixman_region32_rectangles(&damage, &nrects);
 	for (int i = 0; i < nrects; ++i) {
 		scissor_output(output, &rects[i]);
-		wlr_render_colored_quad(renderer, color, matrix);
+		wlr_render_quad_with_matrix(renderer, color, matrix);
 	}
 
 damage_finish:
@@ -416,6 +418,33 @@ static void surface_send_frame_done(struct wlr_surface *surface, double lx,
 	wlr_surface_send_frame_done(surface, when);
 }
 
+static void render_layer(
+		struct roots_output *output,
+		const struct wlr_box *output_layout_box,
+		struct render_data *data,
+		struct wl_list *layer) {
+	struct roots_layer_surface *roots_surface;
+	wl_list_for_each(roots_surface, layer, link) {
+		struct wlr_layer_surface *layer = roots_surface->layer_surface;
+		render_surface(layer->surface,
+				roots_surface->geo.x + output_layout_box->x,
+				roots_surface->geo.y + output_layout_box->y,
+				0, data);
+	}
+}
+
+static void layers_send_done(
+		struct roots_output *output, struct timespec *when) {
+	size_t len = sizeof(output->layers) / sizeof(output->layers[0]);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+		struct roots_layer_surface *roots_surface;
+		wl_list_for_each(roots_surface, &output->layers[i], link) {
+			struct wlr_layer_surface *layer = roots_surface->layer_surface;
+			wlr_surface_send_frame_done(layer->surface, when);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 static void render_output(struct roots_output *output) {
 	struct wlr_output *wlr_output = output->wlr_output;
 	struct roots_desktop *desktop = output->desktop;
@@ -432,14 +461,15 @@ static void render_output(struct roots_output *output) {
 
 	float clear_color[] = {0.25f, 0.25f, 0.25f, 1.0f};
 
+	const struct wlr_box *output_box =
+		wlr_output_layout_get_box(desktop->layout, wlr_output);
+
 	// Check if we can delegate the fullscreen surface to the output
 	if (output->fullscreen_view != NULL &&
 			output->fullscreen_view->wlr_surface != NULL) {
 		struct roots_view *view = output->fullscreen_view;
 
 		// Make sure the view is centered on screen
-		const struct wlr_box *output_box =
-			wlr_output_layout_get_box(desktop->layout, wlr_output);
 		struct wlr_box view_box;
 		view_get_box(view, &view_box);
 		double view_x = (double)(output_box->width - view_box.width) / 2 +
@@ -486,6 +516,10 @@ static void render_output(struct roots_output *output) {
 		goto renderer_end;
 	}
 
+	if (server->config->debug_damage_tracking) {
+		wlr_renderer_clear(renderer, (float[]){1, 1, 0, 0});
+	}
+
 	int nrects;
 	pixman_box32_t *rects = pixman_region32_rectangles(&damage, &nrects);
 	for (int i = 0; i < nrects; ++i) {
@@ -493,6 +527,11 @@ static void render_output(struct roots_output *output) {
 		wlr_renderer_clear(renderer, clear_color);
 	}
 
+	render_layer(output, output_box, &data,
+			&output->layers[ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_BACKGROUND]);
+	render_layer(output, output_box, &data,
+			&output->layers[ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_BOTTOM]);
+
 	// If a view is fullscreen on this output, render it
 	if (output->fullscreen_view != NULL) {
 		struct roots_view *view = output->fullscreen_view;
@@ -515,20 +554,24 @@ static void render_output(struct roots_output *output) {
 				render_surface, &data);
 		}
 #endif
-
-		goto renderer_end;
-	}
-
-	// Render all views
-	struct roots_view *view;
-	wl_list_for_each_reverse(view, &desktop->views, link) {
-		render_view(view, &data);
+	} else {
+		// Render all views
+		struct roots_view *view;
+		wl_list_for_each_reverse(view, &desktop->views, link) {
+			render_view(view, &data);
+		}
+		// Render top layer above shell views
+		render_layer(output, output_box, &data,
+				&output->layers[ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_TOP]);
 	}
 
 	// Render drag icons
 	data.alpha = 1.0;
 	drag_icons_for_each_surface(server->input, render_surface, &data);
 
+	render_layer(output, output_box, &data,
+			&output->layers[ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_OVERLAY]);
+
 renderer_end:
 	wlr_renderer_scissor(renderer, NULL);
 	wlr_renderer_end(renderer);
@@ -565,6 +608,7 @@ damage_finish:
 		drag_icons_for_each_surface(server->input, surface_send_frame_done,
 			&data);
 	}
+	layers_send_done(output, data.when);
 }
 
 void output_damage_whole(struct roots_output *output) {
@@ -621,6 +665,15 @@ static void damage_whole_surface(struct wlr_surface *surface,
 	wlr_output_damage_add_box(output->damage, &box);
 }
 
+void output_damage_whole_local_surface(struct roots_output *output,
+		struct wlr_surface *surface, double ox, double oy, float rotation) {
+	struct wlr_output_layout_output *layout = wlr_output_layout_get(
+		output->desktop->layout, output->wlr_output);
+	damage_whole_surface(surface, ox + layout->x, oy + layout->y,
+			rotation, output);
+	// TODO: subsurfaces
+}
+
 static void damage_whole_decoration(struct roots_view *view,
 		struct roots_output *output) {
 	if (!view->decorated || view->wlr_surface == NULL) {
@@ -667,32 +720,32 @@ static void damage_from_surface(struct wlr_surface *surface,
 	surface_intersect_output(surface, output->desktop->layout,
 		wlr_output, lx, ly, rotation, &box);
 
-	if (rotation == 0) {
-		pixman_region32_t damage;
-		pixman_region32_init(&damage);
-		pixman_region32_copy(&damage, &surface->current->surface_damage);
-		wlr_region_scale(&damage, &damage, wlr_output->scale);
-		if (ceil(wlr_output->scale) > surface->current->scale) {
-			// When scaling up a surface, it'll become blurry so we need to
-			// expand the damage region
-			wlr_region_expand(&damage, &damage,
-				ceil(wlr_output->scale) - surface->current->scale);
-		}
-		pixman_region32_translate(&damage, box.x, box.y);
-		wlr_output_damage_add(output->damage, &damage);
-		pixman_region32_fini(&damage);
-	} else {
-		pixman_box32_t *extents =
-			pixman_region32_extents(&surface->current->surface_damage);
-		struct wlr_box damage_box = {
-			.x = box.x + extents->x1 * wlr_output->scale,
-			.y = box.y + extents->y1 * wlr_output->scale,
-			.width = (extents->x2 - extents->x1) * wlr_output->scale,
-			.height = (extents->y2 - extents->y1) * wlr_output->scale,
-		};
-		wlr_box_rotated_bounds(&damage_box, rotation, &damage_box);
-		wlr_output_damage_add_box(output->damage, &damage_box);
-	}
+	int center_x = box.x + box.width/2;
+	int center_y = box.y + box.height/2;
+
+	pixman_region32_t damage;
+	pixman_region32_init(&damage);
+	pixman_region32_copy(&damage, &surface->current->surface_damage);
+	wlr_region_scale(&damage, &damage, wlr_output->scale);
+	if (ceil(wlr_output->scale) > surface->current->scale) {
+		// When scaling up a surface, it'll become blurry so we need to
+		// expand the damage region
+		wlr_region_expand(&damage, &damage,
+			ceil(wlr_output->scale) - surface->current->scale);
+	}
+	pixman_region32_translate(&damage, box.x, box.y);
+	wlr_region_rotated_bounds(&damage, &damage, rotation, center_x, center_y);
+	wlr_output_damage_add(output->damage, &damage);
+	pixman_region32_fini(&damage);
+}
+
+void output_damage_from_local_surface(struct roots_output *output,
+		struct wlr_surface *surface, double ox, double oy, float rotation) {
+	struct wlr_output_layout_output *layout = wlr_output_layout_get(
+		output->desktop->layout, output->wlr_output);
+	damage_from_surface(surface, ox + layout->x, oy + layout->y,
+			rotation, output);
+	// TODO: Subsurfaces
 }
 
 void output_damage_from_view(struct roots_output *output,
@@ -785,6 +838,7 @@ void handle_new_output(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &output->last_frame);
 	output->desktop = desktop;
 	output->wlr_output = wlr_output;
+	wlr_output->data = output;
 	wl_list_insert(&desktop->outputs, &output->link);
 
 	output->damage = wlr_output_damage_create(wlr_output);
@@ -796,6 +850,11 @@ void handle_new_output(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	output->damage_destroy.notify = output_damage_handle_destroy;
 	wl_signal_add(&output->damage->events.destroy, &output->damage_destroy);
 
+	size_t len = sizeof(output->layers) / sizeof(output->layers[0]);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+		wl_list_init(&output->layers[i]);
+	}
+
 	struct roots_output_config *output_config =
 		roots_config_get_output(config, wlr_output);
 	if (output_config) {
diff --git a/rootston/seat.c b/rootston/seat.c
index d2d211ba..bdcad5c7 100644
--- a/rootston/seat.c
+++ b/rootston/seat.c
@@ -723,6 +723,33 @@ void roots_seat_set_focus(struct roots_seat *seat, struct roots_view *view) {
 		wl_list_insert(&seat->input->server->desktop->views, &view->link);
 	}
 
+
+	bool unfullscreen = true;
+
+#ifdef WLR_HAS_XWAYLAND
+	if (view && view->type == ROOTS_XWAYLAND_VIEW &&
+			view->xwayland_surface->override_redirect) {
+		unfullscreen = false;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	if (view && unfullscreen) {
+		struct roots_desktop *desktop = view->desktop;
+		struct roots_output *output;
+		struct wlr_box box;
+		view_get_box(view, &box);
+		wl_list_for_each(output, &desktop->outputs, link) {
+			if (output->fullscreen_view &&
+					output->fullscreen_view != view &&
+					wlr_output_layout_intersects(
+						desktop->layout,
+						output->wlr_output, &box)) {
+				view_set_fullscreen(output->fullscreen_view,
+						false, NULL);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	struct roots_view *prev_focus = roots_seat_get_focus(seat);
 	if (view == prev_focus) {
 		return;
diff --git a/rootston/xdg_shell.c b/rootston/xdg_shell.c
index 851c0045..927bd018 100644
--- a/rootston/xdg_shell.c
+++ b/rootston/xdg_shell.c
@@ -28,6 +28,16 @@ static void popup_handle_destroy(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	popup_destroy((struct roots_view_child *)popup);
 }
 
+static void popup_handle_map(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
+	struct roots_xdg_popup *popup = wl_container_of(listener, popup, map);
+	view_damage_whole(popup->view_child.view);
+}
+
+static void popup_handle_unmap(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
+	struct roots_xdg_popup *popup = wl_container_of(listener, popup, unmap);
+	view_damage_whole(popup->view_child.view);
+}
+
 static struct roots_xdg_popup *popup_create(struct roots_view *view,
 	struct wlr_xdg_popup *wlr_popup);
 
@@ -50,6 +60,10 @@ static struct roots_xdg_popup *popup_create(struct roots_view *view,
 	view_child_init(&popup->view_child, view, wlr_popup->base->surface);
 	popup->destroy.notify = popup_handle_destroy;
 	wl_signal_add(&wlr_popup->base->events.destroy, &popup->destroy);
+	popup->map.notify = popup_handle_map;
+	wl_signal_add(&wlr_popup->base->events.map, &popup->map);
+	popup->unmap.notify = popup_handle_unmap;
+	wl_signal_add(&wlr_popup->base->events.unmap, &popup->unmap);
 	popup->new_popup.notify = popup_handle_new_popup;
 	wl_signal_add(&wlr_popup->base->events.new_popup, &popup->new_popup);
 	return popup;
@@ -177,9 +191,11 @@ static void set_fullscreen(struct roots_view *view, bool fullscreen) {
 static void close(struct roots_view *view) {
 	assert(view->type == ROOTS_XDG_SHELL_VIEW);
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface = view->xdg_surface;
-	if (surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_TOPLEVEL) {
-		wlr_xdg_toplevel_send_close(surface);
+	struct wlr_xdg_popup *popup = NULL;
+	wl_list_for_each(popup, &surface->popups, link) {
+		wlr_xdg_surface_send_close(popup->base);
 	}
+	wlr_xdg_surface_send_close(surface);
 }
 
 static void destroy(struct roots_view *view) {
@@ -236,7 +252,7 @@ static void handle_request_maximize(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 		return;
 	}
 
-	view_maximize(view, surface->toplevel->next.maximized);
+	view_maximize(view, surface->toplevel->client_pending.maximized);
 }
 
 static void handle_request_fullscreen(struct wl_listener *listener,
@@ -337,7 +353,7 @@ void handle_xdg_shell_surface(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 		wl_container_of(listener, desktop, xdg_shell_surface);
 
 	wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "new xdg toplevel: title=%s, app_id=%s",
-		surface->title, surface->app_id);
+		surface->toplevel->title, surface->toplevel->app_id);
 	wlr_xdg_surface_ping(surface);
 
 	struct roots_xdg_surface *roots_surface =
@@ -355,15 +371,16 @@ void handle_xdg_shell_surface(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	roots_surface->unmap.notify = handle_unmap;
 	wl_signal_add(&surface->events.unmap, &roots_surface->unmap);
 	roots_surface->request_move.notify = handle_request_move;
-	wl_signal_add(&surface->events.request_move, &roots_surface->request_move);
+	wl_signal_add(&surface->toplevel->events.request_move,
+		&roots_surface->request_move);
 	roots_surface->request_resize.notify = handle_request_resize;
-	wl_signal_add(&surface->events.request_resize,
+	wl_signal_add(&surface->toplevel->events.request_resize,
 		&roots_surface->request_resize);
 	roots_surface->request_maximize.notify = handle_request_maximize;
-	wl_signal_add(&surface->events.request_maximize,
+	wl_signal_add(&surface->toplevel->events.request_maximize,
 		&roots_surface->request_maximize);
 	roots_surface->request_fullscreen.notify = handle_request_fullscreen;
-	wl_signal_add(&surface->events.request_fullscreen,
+	wl_signal_add(&surface->toplevel->events.request_fullscreen,
 		&roots_surface->request_fullscreen);
 	roots_surface->new_popup.notify = handle_new_popup;
 	wl_signal_add(&surface->events.new_popup, &roots_surface->new_popup);
@@ -386,10 +403,10 @@ void handle_xdg_shell_surface(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	view->destroy = destroy;
 	roots_surface->view = view;
 
-	if (surface->toplevel->next.maximized) {
+	if (surface->toplevel->client_pending.maximized) {
 		view_maximize(view, true);
 	}
-	if (surface->toplevel->next.fullscreen) {
+	if (surface->toplevel->client_pending.fullscreen) {
 		view_set_fullscreen(view, true, NULL);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/rootston/xdg_shell_v6.c b/rootston/xdg_shell_v6.c
index f5cb2cd7..e3c70e96 100644
--- a/rootston/xdg_shell_v6.c
+++ b/rootston/xdg_shell_v6.c
@@ -28,6 +28,18 @@ static void popup_handle_destroy(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	popup_destroy((struct roots_view_child *)popup);
 }
 
+static void popup_handle_map(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
+	struct roots_xdg_popup_v6 *popup =
+		wl_container_of(listener, popup, map);
+	view_damage_whole(popup->view_child.view);
+}
+
+static void popup_handle_unmap(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
+	struct roots_xdg_popup_v6 *popup =
+		wl_container_of(listener, popup, unmap);
+	view_damage_whole(popup->view_child.view);
+}
+
 static struct roots_xdg_popup_v6 *popup_create(struct roots_view *view,
 	struct wlr_xdg_popup_v6 *wlr_popup);
 
@@ -230,6 +242,10 @@ static struct roots_xdg_popup_v6 *popup_create(struct roots_view *view,
 	view_child_init(&popup->view_child, view, wlr_popup->base->surface);
 	popup->destroy.notify = popup_handle_destroy;
 	wl_signal_add(&wlr_popup->base->events.destroy, &popup->destroy);
+	popup->map.notify = popup_handle_map;
+	wl_signal_add(&wlr_popup->base->events.map, &popup->map);
+	popup->unmap.notify = popup_handle_unmap;
+	wl_signal_add(&wlr_popup->base->events.unmap, &popup->unmap);
 	popup->new_popup.notify = popup_handle_new_popup;
 	wl_signal_add(&wlr_popup->base->events.new_popup, &popup->new_popup);
 
@@ -360,9 +376,11 @@ static void set_fullscreen(struct roots_view *view, bool fullscreen) {
 static void close(struct roots_view *view) {
 	assert(view->type == ROOTS_XDG_SHELL_V6_VIEW);
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface = view->xdg_surface_v6;
-	if (surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_TOPLEVEL) {
-		wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_send_close(surface);
+	struct wlr_xdg_popup_v6 *popup = NULL;
+	wl_list_for_each(popup, &surface->popups, link) {
+		wlr_xdg_surface_v6_send_close(popup->base);
 	}
+	wlr_xdg_surface_v6_send_close(surface);
 }
 
 static void destroy(struct roots_view *view) {
@@ -419,7 +437,7 @@ static void handle_request_maximize(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 		return;
 	}
 
-	view_maximize(view, surface->toplevel->next.maximized);
+	view_maximize(view, surface->toplevel->client_pending.maximized);
 }
 
 static void handle_request_fullscreen(struct wl_listener *listener,
@@ -520,7 +538,7 @@ void handle_xdg_shell_v6_surface(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 		wl_container_of(listener, desktop, xdg_shell_v6_surface);
 
 	wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "new xdg toplevel: title=%s, app_id=%s",
-		surface->title, surface->app_id);
+		surface->toplevel->title, surface->toplevel->app_id);
 	wlr_xdg_surface_v6_ping(surface);
 
 	struct roots_xdg_surface_v6 *roots_surface =
@@ -538,15 +556,16 @@ void handle_xdg_shell_v6_surface(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	roots_surface->unmap.notify = handle_unmap;
 	wl_signal_add(&surface->events.unmap, &roots_surface->unmap);
 	roots_surface->request_move.notify = handle_request_move;
-	wl_signal_add(&surface->events.request_move, &roots_surface->request_move);
+	wl_signal_add(&surface->toplevel->events.request_move,
+		&roots_surface->request_move);
 	roots_surface->request_resize.notify = handle_request_resize;
-	wl_signal_add(&surface->events.request_resize,
+	wl_signal_add(&surface->toplevel->events.request_resize,
 		&roots_surface->request_resize);
 	roots_surface->request_maximize.notify = handle_request_maximize;
-	wl_signal_add(&surface->events.request_maximize,
+	wl_signal_add(&surface->toplevel->events.request_maximize,
 		&roots_surface->request_maximize);
 	roots_surface->request_fullscreen.notify = handle_request_fullscreen;
-	wl_signal_add(&surface->events.request_fullscreen,
+	wl_signal_add(&surface->toplevel->events.request_fullscreen,
 		&roots_surface->request_fullscreen);
 	roots_surface->new_popup.notify = handle_new_popup;
 	wl_signal_add(&surface->events.new_popup, &roots_surface->new_popup);
@@ -569,10 +588,10 @@ void handle_xdg_shell_v6_surface(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	view->destroy = destroy;
 	roots_surface->view = view;
 
-	if (surface->toplevel->next.maximized) {
+	if (surface->toplevel->client_pending.maximized) {
 		view_maximize(view, true);
 	}
-	if (surface->toplevel->next.fullscreen) {
+	if (surface->toplevel->client_pending.fullscreen) {
 		view_set_fullscreen(view, true, NULL);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/types/meson.build b/types/meson.build
index 94993b52..198563b1 100644
--- a/types/meson.build
+++ b/types/meson.build
@@ -8,8 +8,10 @@ lib_wlr_types = static_library(
 		'wlr_gamma_control.c',
 		'wlr_idle_inhibit_v1.c',
 		'wlr_idle.c',
+		'wlr_idle_inhibit_v1.c',
 		'wlr_input_device.c',
 		'wlr_keyboard.c',
+		'wlr_layer_shell.c',
 		'wlr_linux_dmabuf.c',
 		'wlr_list.c',
 		'wlr_matrix.c',
diff --git a/types/wlr_layer_shell.c b/types/wlr_layer_shell.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..39a3af80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/types/wlr_layer_shell.c
@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <wayland-server.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_layer_shell.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_output.h>
+#include <wlr/types/wlr_surface.h>
+#include <wlr/util/log.h>
+#include "util/signal.h"
+#include "wlr-layer-shell-unstable-v1-protocol.h"
+
+static const char *zwlr_layer_surface_role = "zwlr_layer_surface";
+
+static void resource_handle_destroy(struct wl_client *client,
+		struct wl_resource *resource) {
+	wl_resource_destroy(resource);
+}
+
+static const struct zwlr_layer_shell_v1_interface layer_shell_implementation;
+static const struct zwlr_layer_surface_v1_interface layer_surface_implementation;
+
+static struct wlr_layer_shell *layer_shell_from_resource(
+		struct wl_resource *resource) {
+	assert(wl_resource_instance_of(resource, &zwlr_layer_shell_v1_interface,
+		&layer_shell_implementation));
+	return wl_resource_get_user_data(resource);
+}
+
+static struct wlr_layer_surface *layer_surface_from_resource(
+		struct wl_resource *resource) {
+	assert(wl_resource_instance_of(resource, &zwlr_layer_surface_v1_interface,
+		&layer_surface_implementation));
+	return wl_resource_get_user_data(resource);
+}
+
+static void layer_surface_configure_destroy(
+		struct wlr_layer_surface_configure *configure) {
+	if (configure == NULL) {
+		return;
+	}
+	wl_list_remove(&configure->link);
+	free(configure);
+}
+
+static void layer_surface_handle_ack_configure(struct wl_client *client,
+		struct wl_resource *resource, uint32_t serial) {
+	struct wlr_layer_surface *surface = layer_surface_from_resource(resource);
+
+	bool found = false;
+	struct wlr_layer_surface_configure *configure, *tmp;
+	wl_list_for_each_safe(configure, tmp, &surface->configure_list, link) {
+		if (configure->serial < serial) {
+			layer_surface_configure_destroy(configure);
+		} else if (configure->serial == serial) {
+			found = true;
+			break;
+		} else {
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!found) {
+		wl_resource_post_error(resource,
+			ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ERROR_INVALID_SURFACE_STATE,
+			"wrong configure serial: %u", serial);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (surface->acked_configure) {
+		layer_surface_configure_destroy(surface->acked_configure);
+	}
+	surface->acked_configure = configure;
+	wl_list_remove(&configure->link);
+	wl_list_init(&configure->link);
+}
+
+static void layer_surface_handle_set_size(struct wl_client *client,
+		struct wl_resource *resource, uint32_t width, uint32_t height) {
+	struct wlr_layer_surface *surface = layer_surface_from_resource(resource);
+	surface->client_pending.desired_width = width;
+	surface->client_pending.desired_height = height;
+}
+
+static void layer_surface_handle_set_anchor(struct wl_client *client,
+		struct wl_resource *resource, uint32_t anchor) {
+	const uint32_t max_anchor =
+		ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_TOP |
+		ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_BOTTOM |
+		ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_LEFT |
+		ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ANCHOR_RIGHT;
+	if (anchor > max_anchor) {
+		wl_resource_post_error(resource,
+			ZWLR_LAYER_SURFACE_V1_ERROR_INVALID_ANCHOR,
+			"invalid anchor %d", anchor);
+	}
+	struct wlr_layer_surface *surface = layer_surface_from_resource(resource);
+	surface->client_pending.anchor = anchor;
+}
+
+static void layer_surface_handle_set_exclusive_zone(struct wl_client *client,
+		struct wl_resource *resource, int32_t zone) {
+	struct wlr_layer_surface *surface = layer_surface_from_resource(resource);
+	surface->client_pending.exclusive_zone = zone;
+}
+
+static void layer_surface_handle_set_margin(
+		struct wl_client *client, struct wl_resource *resource,
+		int32_t top, int32_t right, int32_t bottom, int32_t left) {
+	struct wlr_layer_surface *surface = layer_surface_from_resource(resource);
+	surface->client_pending.margin.top = top;
+	surface->client_pending.margin.right = right;
+	surface->client_pending.margin.bottom = bottom;
+	surface->client_pending.margin.left = left;
+}
+
+static void layer_surface_handle_set_keyboard_interactivity(
+		struct wl_client *client, struct wl_resource *resource,
+		uint32_t interactive) {
+	struct wlr_layer_surface *surface = layer_surface_from_resource(resource);
+	surface->client_pending.keyboard_interactive = !!interactive;
+}
+
+static void layer_surface_handle_get_popup(struct wl_client *client,
+		struct wl_resource *resource, struct wl_resource *popup) {
+	// TODO
+}
+
+static const struct zwlr_layer_surface_v1_interface layer_surface_implementation = {
+	.destroy = resource_handle_destroy,
+	.ack_configure = layer_surface_handle_ack_configure,
+	.set_size = layer_surface_handle_set_size,
+	.set_anchor = layer_surface_handle_set_anchor,
+	.set_exclusive_zone = layer_surface_handle_set_exclusive_zone,
+	.set_margin = layer_surface_handle_set_margin,
+	.set_keyboard_interactivity = layer_surface_handle_set_keyboard_interactivity,
+	.get_popup = layer_surface_handle_get_popup,
+};
+
+static void layer_surface_unmap(struct wlr_layer_surface *surface) {
+	// TODO: probably need to ungrab before this event
+	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.unmap, surface);
+
+	struct wlr_layer_surface_configure *configure, *tmp;
+	wl_list_for_each_safe(configure, tmp, &surface->configure_list, link) {
+		layer_surface_configure_destroy(configure);
+	}
+
+	surface->configured = surface->mapped = false;
+	surface->configure_serial = 0;
+	if (surface->configure_idle) {
+		wl_event_source_remove(surface->configure_idle);
+		surface->configure_idle = NULL;
+	}
+	surface->configure_next_serial = 0;
+}
+
+static void layer_surface_destroy(struct wlr_layer_surface *surface) {
+	layer_surface_unmap(surface);
+	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.destroy, surface);
+	wl_resource_set_user_data(surface->resource, NULL);
+	wl_list_remove(&surface->surface_destroy_listener.link);
+	wlr_surface_set_role_committed(surface->surface, NULL, NULL);
+	free(surface);
+}
+
+static void layer_surface_resource_destroy(struct wl_resource *resource) {
+	struct wlr_layer_surface *surface =
+		layer_surface_from_resource(resource);
+	if (surface != NULL) {
+		layer_surface_destroy(surface);
+	}
+}
+
+static bool wlr_layer_surface_state_changed(struct wlr_layer_surface *surface) {
+	struct wlr_layer_surface_state *state;
+	if (wl_list_empty(&surface->configure_list)) {
+		if (surface->acked_configure) {
+			state = &surface->acked_configure->state;
+		} else if (!surface->configured) {
+			return true;
+		} else {
+			state = &surface->current;
+		}
+	} else {
+		struct wlr_layer_surface_configure *configure =
+			wl_container_of(surface->configure_list.prev, configure, link);
+		state = &configure->state;
+	}
+
+	bool changed = state->actual_width != surface->server_pending.actual_width
+		|| state->actual_height != surface->server_pending.actual_height;
+	return changed;
+}
+
+void wlr_layer_surface_configure(struct wlr_layer_surface *surface,
+		uint32_t width, uint32_t height) {
+	surface->server_pending.actual_width = width;
+	surface->server_pending.actual_height = height;
+	if (wlr_layer_surface_state_changed(surface)) {
+		struct wl_display *display =
+			wl_client_get_display(wl_resource_get_client(surface->resource));
+		struct wlr_layer_surface_configure *configure =
+			calloc(1, sizeof(struct wlr_layer_surface_configure));
+		if (configure == NULL) {
+			wl_client_post_no_memory(wl_resource_get_client(surface->resource));
+			return;
+		}
+		surface->configure_next_serial = wl_display_next_serial(display);
+		wl_list_insert(surface->configure_list.prev, &configure->link);
+		configure->state.actual_width = width;
+		configure->state.actual_height = height;
+		configure->serial = surface->configure_next_serial;
+		zwlr_layer_surface_v1_send_configure(surface->resource,
+				configure->serial, configure->state.actual_width,
+				configure->state.actual_height);
+	}
+}
+
+void wlr_layer_surface_close(struct wlr_layer_surface *surface) {
+	if (surface->closed) {
+		return;
+	}
+	surface->closed = true;
+	layer_surface_unmap(surface);
+	zwlr_layer_surface_v1_send_closed(surface->resource);
+}
+
+static void handle_wlr_surface_committed(struct wlr_surface *wlr_surface,
+		void *role_data) {
+	struct wlr_layer_surface *surface = role_data;
+
+	if (surface->closed) {
+		// Ignore commits after the compositor has closed it
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (surface->acked_configure) {
+		struct wlr_layer_surface_configure *configure =
+			surface->acked_configure;
+		surface->configured = true;
+		surface->configure_serial = configure->serial;
+		surface->current.actual_width = configure->state.actual_width;
+		surface->current.actual_height = configure->state.actual_height;
+		layer_surface_configure_destroy(configure);
+		surface->acked_configure = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (wlr_surface_has_buffer(surface->surface) && !surface->configured) {
+		wl_resource_post_error(surface->resource,
+			ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_ERROR_ALREADY_CONSTRUCTED,
+			"layer_surface has never been configured");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	surface->current.anchor = surface->client_pending.anchor;
+	surface->current.exclusive_zone = surface->client_pending.exclusive_zone;
+	surface->current.margin = surface->client_pending.margin;
+	surface->current.keyboard_interactive =
+		surface->client_pending.keyboard_interactive;
+	surface->current.desired_width = surface->client_pending.desired_width;
+	surface->current.desired_height = surface->client_pending.desired_height;
+
+	if (!surface->added) {
+		surface->added = true;
+		wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->shell->events.new_surface,
+				surface);
+	}
+	if (surface->configured && wlr_surface_has_buffer(surface->surface) &&
+			!surface->mapped) {
+		surface->mapped = true;
+		wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.map, surface);
+	}
+	if (surface->configured && !wlr_surface_has_buffer(surface->surface) &&
+			surface->mapped) {
+		layer_surface_unmap(surface);
+	}
+}
+
+static void handle_wlr_surface_destroyed(struct wl_listener *listener,
+		void *data) {
+	struct wlr_layer_surface *layer_surface =
+		wl_container_of(listener, layer_surface, surface_destroy_listener);
+	layer_surface_destroy(layer_surface);
+}
+
+static void layer_shell_handle_get_layer_surface(struct wl_client *wl_client,
+		struct wl_resource *client_resource, uint32_t id,
+		struct wl_resource *surface_resource,
+		struct wl_resource *output_resource,
+		uint32_t layer, const char *namespace) {
+	struct wlr_layer_shell *shell =
+		layer_shell_from_resource(client_resource);
+	struct wlr_surface *wlr_surface =
+		wlr_surface_from_resource(surface_resource);
+
+	if (wlr_surface_set_role(wlr_surface, zwlr_layer_surface_role,
+			client_resource, ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_ERROR_ROLE)) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	struct wlr_layer_surface *surface =
+		calloc(1, sizeof(struct wlr_layer_surface));
+	if (surface == NULL) {
+		wl_client_post_no_memory(wl_client);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	surface->shell = shell;
+	surface->surface = wlr_surface;
+	surface->output = wlr_output_from_resource(output_resource);
+	surface->resource = wl_resource_create(wl_client,
+		&zwlr_layer_surface_v1_interface,
+		wl_resource_get_version(client_resource),
+		id);
+	surface->namespace = strdup(namespace);
+	surface->layer = layer;
+	if (surface->resource == NULL || surface->namespace == NULL) {
+		free(surface);
+		wl_client_post_no_memory(wl_client);
+		return;
+	}
+	if (layer > ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_OVERLAY) {
+		wl_resource_post_error(surface->resource,
+				ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_ERROR_INVALID_LAYER,
+				"Invalid layer %d", layer);
+		free(surface);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	wl_list_init(&surface->configure_list);
+
+	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.destroy);
+	wl_signal_add(&surface->surface->events.destroy,
+		&surface->surface_destroy_listener);
+	surface->surface_destroy_listener.notify = handle_wlr_surface_destroyed;
+	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.map);
+	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.unmap);
+
+	wlr_surface_set_role_committed(surface->surface,
+		handle_wlr_surface_committed, surface);
+
+	wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "new layer_surface %p (res %p)",
+			surface, surface->resource);
+	wl_resource_set_implementation(surface->resource,
+		&layer_surface_implementation, surface, layer_surface_resource_destroy);
+}
+
+static const struct zwlr_layer_shell_v1_interface layer_shell_implementation = {
+	.get_layer_surface = layer_shell_handle_get_layer_surface,
+};
+
+static void client_handle_destroy(struct wl_resource *resource) {
+	wl_list_remove(wl_resource_get_link(resource));
+}
+
+static void layer_shell_bind(struct wl_client *wl_client, void *data,
+		uint32_t version, uint32_t id) {
+	struct wlr_layer_shell *layer_shell = data;
+	assert(wl_client && layer_shell);
+
+	struct wl_resource *resource = wl_resource_create(
+			wl_client, &zwlr_layer_shell_v1_interface, version, id);
+	if (resource == NULL) {
+		wl_client_post_no_memory(wl_client);
+		return;
+	}
+	wl_resource_set_implementation(resource,
+			&layer_shell_implementation, layer_shell, client_handle_destroy);
+	wl_list_insert(&layer_shell->client_resources,
+			wl_resource_get_link(resource));
+}
+
+static void handle_display_destroy(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
+	struct wlr_layer_shell *layer_shell =
+		wl_container_of(listener, layer_shell, display_destroy);
+	wlr_layer_shell_destroy(layer_shell);
+}
+
+struct wlr_layer_shell *wlr_layer_shell_create(struct wl_display *display) {
+	struct wlr_layer_shell *layer_shell =
+		calloc(1, sizeof(struct wlr_layer_shell));
+	if (!layer_shell) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	wl_list_init(&layer_shell->client_resources);
+
+	struct wl_global *wl_global = wl_global_create(display,
+		&zwlr_layer_shell_v1_interface, 1, layer_shell, layer_shell_bind);
+	if (!wl_global) {
+		free(layer_shell);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	layer_shell->wl_global = wl_global;
+
+	wl_signal_init(&layer_shell->events.new_surface);
+
+	layer_shell->display_destroy.notify = handle_display_destroy;
+	wl_display_add_destroy_listener(display, &layer_shell->display_destroy);
+
+	return layer_shell;
+}
+
+void wlr_layer_shell_destroy(struct wlr_layer_shell *layer_shell) {
+	if (!layer_shell) {
+		return;
+	}
+	struct wl_resource *client, *tmp;
+	wl_resource_for_each_safe(client, tmp, &layer_shell->client_resources) {
+		wl_resource_destroy(client);
+	}
+	wl_list_remove(&layer_shell->display_destroy.link);
+	wl_global_destroy(layer_shell->wl_global);
+	free(layer_shell);
+}
diff --git a/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf.c b/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf.c
index 1883bc49..d2a8bea9 100644
--- a/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf.c
+++ b/types/wlr_linux_dmabuf.c
@@ -19,11 +19,6 @@ static const struct wl_buffer_interface wl_buffer_impl = {
 	wl_buffer_destroy,
 };
 
-bool wlr_dmabuf_buffer_has_inverted_y(struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *dmabuf) {
-	return dmabuf->attributes.flags
-		& ZWP_LINUX_BUFFER_PARAMS_V1_FLAGS_Y_INVERT;
-}
-
 bool wlr_dmabuf_resource_is_buffer(struct wl_resource *buffer_resource) {
 	if (!wl_resource_instance_of(buffer_resource, &wl_buffer_interface,
 		&wl_buffer_impl)) {
@@ -139,19 +134,18 @@ static void params_create_common(struct wl_client *client,
 		goto err_out;
 	}
 
-	/* TODO: support more planes */
-	if (buffer->attributes.n_planes != 1) {
+	if (buffer->attributes.fd[0] == -1) {
 		wl_resource_post_error(params_resource,
 			ZWP_LINUX_BUFFER_PARAMS_V1_ERROR_INCOMPLETE,
-			"only single plane buffers supported not %d",
-			buffer->attributes.n_planes);
+			"no dmabuf has been added for plane 0");
 		goto err_out;
 	}
 
-	if (buffer->attributes.fd[0] == -1) {
-		wl_resource_post_error(params_resource,
+	if ((buffer->attributes.fd[3] >= 0 || buffer->attributes.fd[2] >= 0) &&
+			(buffer->attributes.fd[2] == -1 || buffer->attributes.fd[1] == -1)) {
+		wl_resource_post_error (params_resource,
 			ZWP_LINUX_BUFFER_PARAMS_V1_ERROR_INCOMPLETE,
-			"no dmabuf has been added for plane");
+			"gap in dmabuf planes");
 		goto err_out;
 	}
 
@@ -167,43 +161,48 @@ static void params_create_common(struct wl_client *client,
 		goto err_out;
 	}
 
-	if ((uint64_t)buffer->attributes.offset[0] + buffer->attributes.stride[0] > UINT32_MAX) {
-		wl_resource_post_error(params_resource,
-			ZWP_LINUX_BUFFER_PARAMS_V1_ERROR_OUT_OF_BOUNDS,
-			"size overflow for plane");
-		goto err_out;
-	}
+	for (int i = 0; i < buffer->attributes.n_planes; i++) {
+		if ((uint64_t)buffer->attributes.offset[i]
+				+ buffer->attributes.stride[i] > UINT32_MAX) {
+			wl_resource_post_error(params_resource,
+				ZWP_LINUX_BUFFER_PARAMS_V1_ERROR_OUT_OF_BOUNDS,
+				"size overflow for plane %d", i);
+			goto err_out;
+		}
 
-	if ((uint64_t)buffer->attributes.offset[0] +
-			(uint64_t)buffer->attributes.stride[0] * height > UINT32_MAX) {
-		wl_resource_post_error(params_resource,
-			ZWP_LINUX_BUFFER_PARAMS_V1_ERROR_OUT_OF_BOUNDS,
-			"size overflow for plane");
-		goto err_out;
-	}
+		if ((uint64_t)buffer->attributes.offset[i]
+				+ (uint64_t)buffer->attributes.stride[i] * height > UINT32_MAX) {
+			wl_resource_post_error(params_resource,
+				ZWP_LINUX_BUFFER_PARAMS_V1_ERROR_OUT_OF_BOUNDS,
+				"size overflow for plane %d", i);
+			goto err_out;
+		}
 
-	off_t size = lseek(buffer->attributes.fd[0], 0, SEEK_END);
-	if (size != -1) { /* Skip checks if kernel does no support seek on buffer */
-		if (buffer->attributes.offset[0] >= size) {
+		off_t size = lseek(buffer->attributes.fd[i], 0, SEEK_END);
+		if (size == -1) { /* Skip checks if kernel does no support seek on buffer */
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (buffer->attributes.offset[i] >= size) {
 			wl_resource_post_error(params_resource,
 				ZWP_LINUX_BUFFER_PARAMS_V1_ERROR_OUT_OF_BOUNDS,
-				"invalid offset %i for plane",
-				buffer->attributes.offset[0]);
+				"invalid offset %i for plane %d",
+				buffer->attributes.offset[i], i);
 			goto err_out;
 		}
 
-		if (buffer->attributes.offset[0] + buffer->attributes.stride[0] > size) {
+		if (buffer->attributes.offset[i] + buffer->attributes.stride[i]	> size) {
 			wl_resource_post_error(params_resource,
 				ZWP_LINUX_BUFFER_PARAMS_V1_ERROR_OUT_OF_BOUNDS,
-				"invalid stride %i for plane",
-				buffer->attributes.stride[0]);
+				"invalid stride %i for plane %d",
+				buffer->attributes.stride[i], i);
 			goto err_out;
 		}
 
-		if (buffer->attributes.offset[0] + buffer->attributes.stride[0] * height > size) {
+		if (i == 0 && /* planes > 0 might be subsampled according to fourcc format */
+			buffer->attributes.offset[i] + buffer->attributes.stride[i] * height > size) {
 			wl_resource_post_error(params_resource,
 				ZWP_LINUX_BUFFER_PARAMS_V1_ERROR_OUT_OF_BOUNDS,
-				"invalid buffer stride or height for plane");
+				"invalid buffer stride or height for plane %d", i);
 			goto err_out;
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/types/wlr_output.c b/types/wlr_output.c
index e30c3b78..f95a7ea0 100644
--- a/types/wlr_output.c
+++ b/types/wlr_output.c
@@ -731,15 +731,11 @@ bool wlr_output_cursor_set_image(struct wlr_output_cursor *cursor,
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	if (cursor->texture == NULL) {
-		cursor->texture = wlr_render_texture_create(renderer);
-		if (cursor->texture == NULL) {
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
+	wlr_texture_destroy(cursor->texture);
 
-	return wlr_texture_upload_pixels(cursor->texture, WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB8888,
+	cursor->texture = wlr_texture_from_pixels(renderer, WL_SHM_FORMAT_ARGB8888,
 		stride, width, height, pixels);
+	return cursor->texture != NULL;
 }
 
 static void output_cursor_commit(struct wlr_output_cursor *cursor) {
@@ -901,9 +897,7 @@ void wlr_output_cursor_destroy(struct wlr_output_cursor *cursor) {
 		}
 		cursor->output->hardware_cursor = NULL;
 	}
-	if (cursor->texture != NULL) {
-		wlr_texture_destroy(cursor->texture);
-	}
+	wlr_texture_destroy(cursor->texture);
 	wl_list_remove(&cursor->link);
 	free(cursor);
 }
diff --git a/types/wlr_seat.c b/types/wlr_seat.c
index 93f6d872..9793df74 100644
--- a/types/wlr_seat.c
+++ b/types/wlr_seat.c
@@ -1257,8 +1257,9 @@ bool wlr_seat_touch_has_grab(struct wlr_seat *seat) {
 }
 
 bool wlr_seat_validate_grab_serial(struct wlr_seat *seat, uint32_t serial) {
-	return serial == seat->pointer_state.grab_serial ||
-		serial == seat->touch_state.grab_serial;
+	return true;
+	//return serial == seat->pointer_state.grab_serial ||
+	//	serial == seat->touch_state.grab_serial;
 }
 
 struct wlr_seat_client *wlr_seat_client_from_resource(
diff --git a/types/wlr_surface.c b/types/wlr_surface.c
index b3e0dcd8..3be7bdfc 100644
--- a/types/wlr_surface.c
+++ b/types/wlr_surface.c
@@ -155,8 +155,24 @@ static bool wlr_surface_update_size(struct wlr_surface *surface,
 	int scale = state->scale;
 	enum wl_output_transform transform = state->transform;
 
-	wlr_texture_get_buffer_size(surface->texture, state->buffer,
-		&state->buffer_width, &state->buffer_height);
+	struct wl_shm_buffer *buf = wl_shm_buffer_get(state->buffer);
+	if (buf != NULL) {
+		state->buffer_width = wl_shm_buffer_get_width(buf);
+		state->buffer_height = wl_shm_buffer_get_height(buf);
+	} else if (wlr_renderer_resource_is_wl_drm_buffer(surface->renderer,
+			state->buffer)) {
+		wlr_renderer_wl_drm_buffer_get_size(surface->renderer, state->buffer,
+			&state->buffer_width, &state->buffer_height);
+	} else if (wlr_dmabuf_resource_is_buffer(state->buffer)) {
+		struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *dmabuf =
+			wlr_dmabuf_buffer_from_buffer_resource(state->buffer);
+		state->buffer_width = dmabuf->attributes.width;
+		state->buffer_height = dmabuf->attributes.height;
+	} else {
+		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Unknown buffer handle attached");
+		state->buffer_width = 0;
+		state->buffer_height = 0;
+	}
 
 	int width = state->buffer_width / scale;
 	int height = state->buffer_height / scale;
@@ -316,52 +332,65 @@ static void wlr_surface_damage_subsurfaces(struct wlr_subsurface *subsurface) {
 
 static void wlr_surface_apply_damage(struct wlr_surface *surface,
 		bool reupload_buffer) {
-	if (!surface->current->buffer) {
+	struct wl_resource *resource = surface->current->buffer;
+	if (resource == NULL) {
 		return;
 	}
-	struct wl_shm_buffer *buffer = wl_shm_buffer_get(surface->current->buffer);
-	if (!buffer) {
-		if (wlr_renderer_buffer_is_drm(surface->renderer,
-					surface->current->buffer)) {
-			wlr_texture_upload_drm(surface->texture, surface->current->buffer);
-			goto release;
-		} else if (wlr_dmabuf_resource_is_buffer(
-					   surface->current->buffer)) {
-			wlr_texture_upload_dmabuf(surface->texture, surface->current->buffer);
-			goto release;
-		} else {
-			wlr_log(L_INFO, "Unknown buffer handle attached");
-			return;
-		}
-	}
 
-	uint32_t format = wl_shm_buffer_get_format(buffer);
-	if (reupload_buffer) {
-		wlr_texture_upload_shm(surface->texture, format, buffer);
-	} else {
-		pixman_region32_t damage;
-		pixman_region32_init(&damage);
-		pixman_region32_copy(&damage, &surface->current->buffer_damage);
-		pixman_region32_intersect_rect(&damage, &damage, 0, 0,
-			surface->current->buffer_width, surface->current->buffer_height);
-
-		int n;
-		pixman_box32_t *rects = pixman_region32_rectangles(&damage, &n);
-		for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-			pixman_box32_t rect = rects[i];
-			if (!wlr_texture_update_shm(surface->texture, format,
-					rect.x1, rect.y1,
-					rect.x2 - rect.x1,
-					rect.y2 - rect.y1,
-					buffer)) {
-				break;
+	struct wl_shm_buffer *buf = wl_shm_buffer_get(resource);
+	if (buf != NULL) {
+		wl_shm_buffer_begin_access(buf);
+
+		enum wl_shm_format fmt = wl_shm_buffer_get_format(buf);
+		int32_t stride = wl_shm_buffer_get_stride(buf);
+		int32_t width = wl_shm_buffer_get_width(buf);
+		int32_t height = wl_shm_buffer_get_height(buf);
+		void *data = wl_shm_buffer_get_data(buf);
+
+		if (surface->texture == NULL || reupload_buffer) {
+			wlr_texture_destroy(surface->texture);
+			surface->texture = wlr_texture_from_pixels(surface->renderer, fmt,
+				stride, width, height, data);
+		} else {
+			pixman_region32_t damage;
+			pixman_region32_init(&damage);
+			pixman_region32_copy(&damage, &surface->current->buffer_damage);
+			pixman_region32_intersect_rect(&damage, &damage, 0, 0,
+				surface->current->buffer_width,
+				surface->current->buffer_height);
+
+			int n;
+			pixman_box32_t *rects = pixman_region32_rectangles(&damage, &n);
+			for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+				pixman_box32_t *r = &rects[i];
+				if (!wlr_texture_write_pixels(surface->texture, fmt, stride,
+						r->x2 - r->x1, r->y2 - r->y1, r->x1, r->y1,
+						r->x1, r->y1, data)) {
+					break;
+				}
 			}
+
+			pixman_region32_fini(&damage);
 		}
 
-		pixman_region32_fini(&damage);
+		wl_shm_buffer_end_access(buf);
+	} else if (!surface->texture || reupload_buffer) {
+		wlr_texture_destroy(surface->texture);
+
+		if (wlr_renderer_resource_is_wl_drm_buffer(surface->renderer, resource)) {
+			surface->texture =
+				wlr_texture_from_wl_drm(surface->renderer, resource);
+		} else if (wlr_dmabuf_resource_is_buffer(resource)) {
+			struct wlr_dmabuf_buffer *dmabuf =
+				wlr_dmabuf_buffer_from_buffer_resource(resource);
+			surface->texture =
+				wlr_texture_from_dmabuf(surface->renderer, &dmabuf->attributes);
+		} else {
+			surface->texture = NULL;
+			wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Unknown buffer handle attached");
+		}
 	}
 
-release:
 	wlr_surface_state_release_buffer(surface->current);
 }
 
@@ -376,7 +405,8 @@ static void wlr_surface_commit_pending(struct wlr_surface *surface) {
 	wlr_surface_move_state(surface, surface->pending, surface->current);
 
 	if (null_buffer_commit) {
-		surface->texture->valid = false;
+		wlr_texture_destroy(surface->texture);
+		surface->texture = NULL;
 	}
 
 	bool reupload_buffer = oldw != surface->current->buffer_width ||
@@ -612,7 +642,6 @@ struct wlr_surface *wlr_surface_create(struct wl_resource *res,
 	}
 	wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "New wlr_surface %p (res %p)", surface, res);
 	surface->renderer = renderer;
-	surface->texture = wlr_render_texture_create(renderer);
 	surface->resource = res;
 
 	surface->current = wlr_surface_state_create();
@@ -629,7 +658,7 @@ struct wlr_surface *wlr_surface_create(struct wl_resource *res,
 }
 
 bool wlr_surface_has_buffer(struct wlr_surface *surface) {
-	return surface->texture && surface->texture->valid;
+	return surface->texture != NULL;
 }
 
 int wlr_surface_set_role(struct wlr_surface *surface, const char *role,
diff --git a/types/wlr_xcursor_manager.c b/types/wlr_xcursor_manager.c
index d81b639d..7333a7a1 100644
--- a/types/wlr_xcursor_manager.c
+++ b/types/wlr_xcursor_manager.c
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ void wlr_xcursor_manager_set_cursor_image(struct wlr_xcursor_manager *manager,
 		}
 
 		struct wlr_xcursor_image *image = xcursor->images[0];
-		wlr_cursor_set_image(cursor, image->buffer, image->width,
+		wlr_cursor_set_image(cursor, image->buffer, image->width * 4,
 			image->width, image->height, image->hotspot_x, image->hotspot_y,
 			theme->scale);
 	}
diff --git a/types/wlr_xdg_shell.c b/types/wlr_xdg_shell.c
index f01d81a5..d3be2c4f 100644
--- a/types/wlr_xdg_shell.c
+++ b/types/wlr_xdg_shell.c
@@ -194,18 +194,19 @@ static void xdg_surface_unmap(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface) {
 	assert(surface->role != WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_NONE);
 
 	// TODO: probably need to ungrab before this event
-	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.unmap, surface);
-
-	if (surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_TOPLEVEL) {
-		wl_resource_set_user_data(surface->toplevel->resource, NULL);
-		free(surface->toplevel);
-		surface->toplevel = NULL;
+	if (surface->mapped) {
+		wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.unmap, surface);
 	}
 
-	if (surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_POPUP) {
-		wl_resource_set_user_data(surface->popup->resource, NULL);
-
-		if (surface->popup->seat) {
+	switch (surface->role) {
+	case WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_TOPLEVEL:
+		free(surface->toplevel->title);
+		surface->toplevel->title = NULL;
+		free(surface->toplevel->app_id);
+		surface->toplevel->app_id = NULL;
+		break;
+	case WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_POPUP:
+		if (surface->popup->seat != NULL) {
 			struct wlr_xdg_popup_grab *grab =
 				xdg_shell_popup_grab_from_seat(surface->client->shell,
 					surface->popup->seat);
@@ -220,11 +221,12 @@ static void xdg_surface_unmap(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface) {
 					wlr_seat_keyboard_end_grab(grab->seat);
 				}
 			}
-		}
 
-		wl_list_remove(&surface->popup->link);
-		free(surface->popup);
-		surface->popup = NULL;
+			surface->popup->seat = NULL;
+		}
+		break;
+	case WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_NONE:
+		assert(false && "not reached");
 	}
 
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface_configure *configure, *tmp;
@@ -232,13 +234,7 @@ static void xdg_surface_unmap(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface) {
 		xdg_surface_configure_destroy(configure);
 	}
 
-	surface->role = WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_NONE;
-	free(surface->title);
-	surface->title = NULL;
-	free(surface->app_id);
-	surface->app_id = NULL;
-
-	surface->added = surface->configured = surface->mapped = false;
+	surface->configured = surface->mapped = false;
 	surface->configure_serial = 0;
 	if (surface->configure_idle) {
 		wl_event_source_remove(surface->configure_idle);
@@ -251,6 +247,29 @@ static void xdg_surface_unmap(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface) {
 	memset(&surface->next_geometry, 0, sizeof(struct wlr_box));
 }
 
+static void xdg_toplevel_destroy(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface) {
+	assert(surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_TOPLEVEL);
+	xdg_surface_unmap(surface);
+
+	wl_resource_set_user_data(surface->toplevel->resource, NULL);
+	free(surface->toplevel);
+	surface->toplevel = NULL;
+
+	surface->role = WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_NONE;
+}
+
+static void xdg_popup_destroy(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface) {
+	assert(surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_POPUP);
+	xdg_surface_unmap(surface);
+
+	wl_resource_set_user_data(surface->popup->resource, NULL);
+	wl_list_remove(&surface->popup->link);
+	free(surface->popup);
+	surface->popup = NULL;
+
+	surface->role = WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_NONE;
+}
+
 static void xdg_surface_destroy(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface) {
 	if (surface->role != WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_NONE) {
 		xdg_surface_unmap(surface);
@@ -258,6 +277,18 @@ static void xdg_surface_destroy(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface) {
 
 	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.destroy, surface);
 
+	switch (surface->role) {
+	case WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_TOPLEVEL:
+		xdg_toplevel_destroy(surface);
+		break;
+	case WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_POPUP:
+		xdg_popup_destroy(surface);
+		break;
+	case WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_NONE:
+		// This space is intentionally left blank
+		break;
+	}
+
 	wl_resource_set_user_data(surface->resource, NULL);
 	wl_list_remove(&surface->link);
 	wl_list_remove(&surface->surface_destroy_listener.link);
@@ -572,7 +603,7 @@ static void xdg_popup_resource_destroy(struct wl_resource *resource) {
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface =
 		xdg_surface_from_xdg_popup_resource(resource);
 	if (surface != NULL) {
-		xdg_surface_unmap(surface);
+		xdg_popup_destroy(surface);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -671,8 +702,8 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_handle_set_title(struct wl_client *client,
 		return;
 	}
 
-	free(surface->title);
-	surface->title = tmp;
+	free(surface->toplevel->title);
+	surface->toplevel->title = tmp;
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_set_app_id(struct wl_client *client,
@@ -686,8 +717,8 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_handle_set_app_id(struct wl_client *client,
 		return;
 	}
 
-	free(surface->app_id);
-	surface->app_id = tmp;
+	free(surface->toplevel->app_id);
+	surface->toplevel->app_id = tmp;
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_show_window_menu(struct wl_client *client,
@@ -718,7 +749,7 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_handle_show_window_menu(struct wl_client *client,
 		.y = y,
 	};
 
-	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.request_show_window_menu, &event);
+	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->toplevel->events.request_show_window_menu, &event);
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_move(struct wl_client *client,
@@ -747,7 +778,7 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_handle_move(struct wl_client *client,
 		.serial = serial,
 	};
 
-	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.request_move, &event);
+	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->toplevel->events.request_move, &event);
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_resize(struct wl_client *client,
@@ -777,39 +808,39 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_handle_resize(struct wl_client *client,
 		.edges = edges,
 	};
 
-	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.request_resize, &event);
+	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->toplevel->events.request_resize, &event);
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_set_max_size(struct wl_client *client,
 		struct wl_resource *resource, int32_t width, int32_t height) {
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface =
 		xdg_surface_from_xdg_toplevel_resource(resource);
-	surface->toplevel->next.max_width = width;
-	surface->toplevel->next.max_height = height;
+	surface->toplevel->client_pending.max_width = width;
+	surface->toplevel->client_pending.max_height = height;
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_set_min_size(struct wl_client *client,
 		struct wl_resource *resource, int32_t width, int32_t height) {
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface =
 		xdg_surface_from_xdg_toplevel_resource(resource);
-	surface->toplevel->next.min_width = width;
-	surface->toplevel->next.min_height = height;
+	surface->toplevel->client_pending.min_width = width;
+	surface->toplevel->client_pending.min_height = height;
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_set_maximized(struct wl_client *client,
 		struct wl_resource *resource) {
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface =
 		xdg_surface_from_xdg_toplevel_resource(resource);
-	surface->toplevel->next.maximized = true;
-	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.request_maximize, surface);
+	surface->toplevel->client_pending.maximized = true;
+	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->toplevel->events.request_maximize, surface);
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_unset_maximized(struct wl_client *client,
 		struct wl_resource *resource) {
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface =
 		xdg_surface_from_xdg_toplevel_resource(resource);
-	surface->toplevel->next.maximized = false;
-	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.request_maximize, surface);
+	surface->toplevel->client_pending.maximized = false;
+	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->toplevel->events.request_maximize, surface);
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_set_fullscreen(struct wl_client *client,
@@ -822,7 +853,7 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_handle_set_fullscreen(struct wl_client *client,
 		output = wlr_output_from_resource(output_resource);
 	}
 
-	surface->toplevel->next.fullscreen = true;
+	surface->toplevel->client_pending.fullscreen = true;
 
 	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_set_fullscreen_event event = {
 		.surface = surface,
@@ -830,7 +861,7 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_handle_set_fullscreen(struct wl_client *client,
 		.output = output,
 	};
 
-	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.request_fullscreen, &event);
+	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->toplevel->events.request_fullscreen, &event);
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_unset_fullscreen(struct wl_client *client,
@@ -838,7 +869,7 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_handle_unset_fullscreen(struct wl_client *client,
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface =
 		xdg_surface_from_xdg_toplevel_resource(resource);
 
-	surface->toplevel->next.fullscreen = false;
+	surface->toplevel->client_pending.fullscreen = false;
 
 	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_set_fullscreen_event event = {
 		.surface = surface,
@@ -846,14 +877,14 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_handle_unset_fullscreen(struct wl_client *client,
 		.output = NULL,
 	};
 
-	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.request_fullscreen, &event);
+	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->toplevel->events.request_fullscreen, &event);
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_set_minimized(struct wl_client *client,
 		struct wl_resource *resource) {
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface =
 		xdg_surface_from_xdg_toplevel_resource(resource);
-	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.request_minimize, surface);
+	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->toplevel->events.request_minimize, surface);
 }
 
 static const struct xdg_toplevel_interface xdg_toplevel_implementation = {
@@ -885,7 +916,7 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_resource_destroy(struct wl_resource *resource) {
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface =
 		xdg_surface_from_xdg_toplevel_resource(resource);
 	if (surface != NULL) {
-		xdg_surface_unmap(surface);
+		xdg_toplevel_destroy(surface);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -903,6 +934,12 @@ static void xdg_surface_handle_get_toplevel(struct wl_client *client,
 		wl_resource_post_no_memory(resource);
 		return;
 	}
+	wl_signal_init(&surface->toplevel->events.request_maximize);
+	wl_signal_init(&surface->toplevel->events.request_fullscreen);
+	wl_signal_init(&surface->toplevel->events.request_minimize);
+	wl_signal_init(&surface->toplevel->events.request_move);
+	wl_signal_init(&surface->toplevel->events.request_resize);
+	wl_signal_init(&surface->toplevel->events.request_show_window_menu);
 
 	surface->role = WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_TOPLEVEL;
 	surface->toplevel->base = surface;
@@ -1050,25 +1087,25 @@ static bool wlr_xdg_surface_toplevel_state_compare(
 		configured.height = configure->toplevel_state->height;
 	}
 
-	if (state->pending.activated != configured.state.activated) {
+	if (state->server_pending.activated != configured.state.activated) {
 		return false;
 	}
-	if (state->pending.fullscreen != configured.state.fullscreen) {
+	if (state->server_pending.fullscreen != configured.state.fullscreen) {
 		return false;
 	}
-	if (state->pending.maximized != configured.state.maximized) {
+	if (state->server_pending.maximized != configured.state.maximized) {
 		return false;
 	}
-	if (state->pending.resizing != configured.state.resizing) {
+	if (state->server_pending.resizing != configured.state.resizing) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	if (state->pending.width == configured.width &&
-			state->pending.height == configured.height) {
+	if (state->server_pending.width == configured.width &&
+			state->server_pending.height == configured.height) {
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	if (state->pending.width == 0 && state->pending.height == 0) {
+	if (state->server_pending.width == 0 && state->server_pending.height == 0) {
 		return true;
 	}
 
@@ -1086,12 +1123,12 @@ static void wlr_xdg_toplevel_send_configure(
 		wl_resource_post_no_memory(surface->toplevel->resource);
 		return;
 	}
-	*configure->toplevel_state = surface->toplevel->pending;
+	*configure->toplevel_state = surface->toplevel->server_pending;
 
 	uint32_t *s;
 	struct wl_array states;
 	wl_array_init(&states);
-	if (surface->toplevel->pending.maximized) {
+	if (surface->toplevel->server_pending.maximized) {
 		s = wl_array_add(&states, sizeof(uint32_t));
 		if (!s) {
 			wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Could not allocate state for maximized xdg_toplevel");
@@ -1099,7 +1136,7 @@ static void wlr_xdg_toplevel_send_configure(
 		}
 		*s = XDG_TOPLEVEL_STATE_MAXIMIZED;
 	}
-	if (surface->toplevel->pending.fullscreen) {
+	if (surface->toplevel->server_pending.fullscreen) {
 		s = wl_array_add(&states, sizeof(uint32_t));
 		if (!s) {
 			wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Could not allocate state for fullscreen xdg_toplevel");
@@ -1107,7 +1144,7 @@ static void wlr_xdg_toplevel_send_configure(
 		}
 		*s = XDG_TOPLEVEL_STATE_FULLSCREEN;
 	}
-	if (surface->toplevel->pending.resizing) {
+	if (surface->toplevel->server_pending.resizing) {
 		s = wl_array_add(&states, sizeof(uint32_t));
 		if (!s) {
 			wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Could not allocate state for resizing xdg_toplevel");
@@ -1115,7 +1152,7 @@ static void wlr_xdg_toplevel_send_configure(
 		}
 		*s = XDG_TOPLEVEL_STATE_RESIZING;
 	}
-	if (surface->toplevel->pending.activated) {
+	if (surface->toplevel->server_pending.activated) {
 		s = wl_array_add(&states, sizeof(uint32_t));
 		if (!s) {
 			wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Could not allocate state for activated xdg_toplevel");
@@ -1124,8 +1161,8 @@ static void wlr_xdg_toplevel_send_configure(
 		*s = XDG_TOPLEVEL_STATE_ACTIVATED;
 	}
 
-	uint32_t width = surface->toplevel->pending.width;
-	uint32_t height = surface->toplevel->pending.height;
+	uint32_t width = surface->toplevel->server_pending.width;
+	uint32_t height = surface->toplevel->server_pending.height;
 	xdg_toplevel_send_configure(surface->toplevel->resource, width, height,
 		&states);
 
@@ -1233,13 +1270,13 @@ static void wlr_xdg_surface_toplevel_committed(
 
 	// update state that doesn't need compositor approval
 	surface->toplevel->current.max_width =
-		surface->toplevel->next.max_width;
+		surface->toplevel->client_pending.max_width;
 	surface->toplevel->current.min_width =
-		surface->toplevel->next.min_width;
+		surface->toplevel->client_pending.min_width;
 	surface->toplevel->current.max_height =
-		surface->toplevel->next.max_height;
+		surface->toplevel->client_pending.max_height;
 	surface->toplevel->current.min_height =
-		surface->toplevel->next.min_height;
+		surface->toplevel->client_pending.min_height;
 }
 
 static void wlr_xdg_surface_popup_committed(
@@ -1347,12 +1384,6 @@ static void xdg_shell_handle_get_xdg_surface(struct wl_client *wl_client,
 	wl_list_init(&surface->configure_list);
 	wl_list_init(&surface->popups);
 
-	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.request_maximize);
-	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.request_fullscreen);
-	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.request_minimize);
-	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.request_move);
-	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.request_resize);
-	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.request_show_window_menu);
 	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.destroy);
 	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.ping_timeout);
 	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.new_popup);
@@ -1530,8 +1561,8 @@ void wlr_xdg_surface_ping(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface) {
 uint32_t wlr_xdg_toplevel_set_size(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface,
 		uint32_t width, uint32_t height) {
 	assert(surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_TOPLEVEL);
-	surface->toplevel->pending.width = width;
-	surface->toplevel->pending.height = height;
+	surface->toplevel->server_pending.width = width;
+	surface->toplevel->server_pending.height = height;
 
 	return wlr_xdg_surface_schedule_configure(surface);
 }
@@ -1539,7 +1570,7 @@ uint32_t wlr_xdg_toplevel_set_size(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface,
 uint32_t wlr_xdg_toplevel_set_activated(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface,
 		bool activated) {
 	assert(surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_TOPLEVEL);
-	surface->toplevel->pending.activated = activated;
+	surface->toplevel->server_pending.activated = activated;
 
 	return wlr_xdg_surface_schedule_configure(surface);
 }
@@ -1547,7 +1578,7 @@ uint32_t wlr_xdg_toplevel_set_activated(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface,
 uint32_t wlr_xdg_toplevel_set_maximized(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface,
 		bool maximized) {
 	assert(surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_TOPLEVEL);
-	surface->toplevel->pending.maximized = maximized;
+	surface->toplevel->server_pending.maximized = maximized;
 
 	return wlr_xdg_surface_schedule_configure(surface);
 }
@@ -1555,7 +1586,7 @@ uint32_t wlr_xdg_toplevel_set_maximized(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface,
 uint32_t wlr_xdg_toplevel_set_fullscreen(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface,
 		bool fullscreen) {
 	assert(surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_TOPLEVEL);
-	surface->toplevel->pending.fullscreen = fullscreen;
+	surface->toplevel->server_pending.fullscreen = fullscreen;
 
 	return wlr_xdg_surface_schedule_configure(surface);
 }
@@ -1563,14 +1594,27 @@ uint32_t wlr_xdg_toplevel_set_fullscreen(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface,
 uint32_t wlr_xdg_toplevel_set_resizing(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface,
 		bool resizing) {
 	assert(surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_TOPLEVEL);
-	surface->toplevel->pending.resizing = resizing;
+	surface->toplevel->server_pending.resizing = resizing;
 
 	return wlr_xdg_surface_schedule_configure(surface);
 }
 
-void wlr_xdg_toplevel_send_close(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface) {
-	assert(surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_TOPLEVEL);
-	xdg_toplevel_send_close(surface->toplevel->resource);
+void wlr_xdg_surface_send_close(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface) {
+	switch (surface->role) {
+	case WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_NONE:
+		assert(0 && "not reached");
+		break;
+	case WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_TOPLEVEL:
+		if (surface->toplevel) {
+			xdg_toplevel_send_close(surface->toplevel->resource);
+		}
+		break;
+	case WLR_XDG_SURFACE_ROLE_POPUP:
+		if (surface->popup) {
+			xdg_popup_send_popup_done(surface->popup->resource);
+		}
+		break;
+	}
 }
 
 void wlr_xdg_surface_popup_get_position(struct wlr_xdg_surface *surface,
diff --git a/types/wlr_xdg_shell_v6.c b/types/wlr_xdg_shell_v6.c
index 76340a3c..0a8bbadf 100644
--- a/types/wlr_xdg_shell_v6.c
+++ b/types/wlr_xdg_shell_v6.c
@@ -181,18 +181,19 @@ static void xdg_surface_unmap(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface) {
 	assert(surface->role != WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_NONE);
 
 	// TODO: probably need to ungrab before this event
-	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.unmap, surface);
-
-	if (surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_TOPLEVEL) {
-		wl_resource_set_user_data(surface->toplevel->resource, NULL);
-		free(surface->toplevel);
-		surface->toplevel = NULL;
+	if (surface->mapped) {
+		wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.unmap, surface);
 	}
 
-	if (surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_POPUP) {
-		wl_resource_set_user_data(surface->popup->resource, NULL);
-
-		if (surface->popup->seat) {
+	switch (surface->role) {
+	case WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_TOPLEVEL:
+		free(surface->toplevel->title);
+		surface->toplevel->title = NULL;
+		free(surface->toplevel->app_id);
+		surface->toplevel->app_id = NULL;
+		break;
+	case WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_POPUP:
+		if (surface->popup->seat != NULL) {
 			struct wlr_xdg_popup_grab_v6 *grab =
 				xdg_shell_popup_grab_from_seat(surface->client->shell,
 					surface->popup->seat);
@@ -207,11 +208,12 @@ static void xdg_surface_unmap(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface) {
 					wlr_seat_keyboard_end_grab(grab->seat);
 				}
 			}
-		}
 
-		wl_list_remove(&surface->popup->link);
-		free(surface->popup);
-		surface->popup = NULL;
+			surface->popup->seat = NULL;
+		}
+		break;
+	case WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_NONE:
+		assert(false && "not reached");
 	}
 
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6_configure *configure, *tmp;
@@ -219,13 +221,7 @@ static void xdg_surface_unmap(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface) {
 		xdg_surface_configure_destroy(configure);
 	}
 
-	surface->role = WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_NONE;
-	free(surface->title);
-	surface->title = NULL;
-	free(surface->app_id);
-	surface->app_id = NULL;
-
-	surface->added = surface->configured = surface->mapped = false;
+	surface->configured = surface->mapped = false;
 	surface->configure_serial = 0;
 	if (surface->configure_idle) {
 		wl_event_source_remove(surface->configure_idle);
@@ -238,6 +234,29 @@ static void xdg_surface_unmap(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface) {
 	memset(&surface->next_geometry, 0, sizeof(struct wlr_box));
 }
 
+static void xdg_toplevel_destroy(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface) {
+	assert(surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_TOPLEVEL);
+	xdg_surface_unmap(surface);
+
+	wl_resource_set_user_data(surface->toplevel->resource, NULL);
+	free(surface->toplevel);
+	surface->toplevel = NULL;
+
+	surface->role = WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_NONE;
+}
+
+static void xdg_popup_destroy(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface) {
+	assert(surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_POPUP);
+	xdg_surface_unmap(surface);
+
+	wl_resource_set_user_data(surface->popup->resource, NULL);
+	wl_list_remove(&surface->popup->link);
+	free(surface->popup);
+	surface->popup = NULL;
+
+	surface->role = WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_NONE;
+}
+
 static void xdg_surface_destroy(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface) {
 	if (surface->role != WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_NONE) {
 		xdg_surface_unmap(surface);
@@ -245,6 +264,18 @@ static void xdg_surface_destroy(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface) {
 
 	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.destroy, surface);
 
+	switch (surface->role) {
+	case WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_TOPLEVEL:
+		xdg_toplevel_destroy(surface);
+		break;
+	case WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_POPUP:
+		xdg_popup_destroy(surface);
+		break;
+	case WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_NONE:
+		// This space is intentionally left blank
+		break;
+	}
+
 	wl_resource_set_user_data(surface->resource, NULL);
 	wl_list_remove(&surface->link);
 	wl_list_remove(&surface->surface_destroy_listener.link);
@@ -532,7 +563,7 @@ static void xdg_popup_resource_destroy(struct wl_resource *resource) {
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface =
 		xdg_surface_from_xdg_popup_resource(resource);
 	if (surface != NULL) {
-		xdg_surface_unmap(surface);
+		xdg_popup_destroy(surface);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -634,8 +665,8 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_handle_set_title(struct wl_client *client,
 		return;
 	}
 
-	free(surface->title);
-	surface->title = tmp;
+	free(surface->toplevel->title);
+	surface->toplevel->title = tmp;
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_set_app_id(struct wl_client *client,
@@ -648,8 +679,8 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_handle_set_app_id(struct wl_client *client,
 		return;
 	}
 
-	free(surface->app_id);
-	surface->app_id = tmp;
+	free(surface->toplevel->app_id);
+	surface->toplevel->app_id = tmp;
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_show_window_menu(struct wl_client *client,
@@ -680,7 +711,8 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_handle_show_window_menu(struct wl_client *client,
 		.y = y,
 	};
 
-	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.request_show_window_menu, &event);
+	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->toplevel->events.request_show_window_menu,
+		&event);
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_move(struct wl_client *client,
@@ -709,7 +741,7 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_handle_move(struct wl_client *client,
 		.serial = serial,
 	};
 
-	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.request_move, &event);
+	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->toplevel->events.request_move, &event);
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_resize(struct wl_client *client,
@@ -739,39 +771,39 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_handle_resize(struct wl_client *client,
 		.edges = edges,
 	};
 
-	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.request_resize, &event);
+	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->toplevel->events.request_resize, &event);
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_set_max_size(struct wl_client *client,
 		struct wl_resource *resource, int32_t width, int32_t height) {
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface =
 		xdg_surface_from_xdg_toplevel_resource(resource);
-	surface->toplevel->next.max_width = width;
-	surface->toplevel->next.max_height = height;
+	surface->toplevel->client_pending.max_width = width;
+	surface->toplevel->client_pending.max_height = height;
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_set_min_size(struct wl_client *client,
 		struct wl_resource *resource, int32_t width, int32_t height) {
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface =
 		xdg_surface_from_xdg_toplevel_resource(resource);
-	surface->toplevel->next.min_width = width;
-	surface->toplevel->next.min_height = height;
+	surface->toplevel->client_pending.min_width = width;
+	surface->toplevel->client_pending.min_height = height;
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_set_maximized(struct wl_client *client,
 		struct wl_resource *resource) {
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface =
 		xdg_surface_from_xdg_toplevel_resource(resource);
-	surface->toplevel->next.maximized = true;
-	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.request_maximize, surface);
+	surface->toplevel->client_pending.maximized = true;
+	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->toplevel->events.request_maximize, surface);
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_unset_maximized(struct wl_client *client,
 		struct wl_resource *resource) {
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface =
 		xdg_surface_from_xdg_toplevel_resource(resource);
-	surface->toplevel->next.maximized = false;
-	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.request_maximize, surface);
+	surface->toplevel->client_pending.maximized = false;
+	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->toplevel->events.request_maximize, surface);
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_set_fullscreen(struct wl_client *client,
@@ -784,7 +816,7 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_handle_set_fullscreen(struct wl_client *client,
 		output = wlr_output_from_resource(output_resource);
 	}
 
-	surface->toplevel->next.fullscreen = true;
+	surface->toplevel->client_pending.fullscreen = true;
 
 	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_set_fullscreen_event event = {
 		.surface = surface,
@@ -792,7 +824,7 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_handle_set_fullscreen(struct wl_client *client,
 		.output = output,
 	};
 
-	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.request_fullscreen, &event);
+	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->toplevel->events.request_fullscreen, &event);
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_unset_fullscreen(struct wl_client *client,
@@ -800,7 +832,7 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_handle_unset_fullscreen(struct wl_client *client,
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface =
 		xdg_surface_from_xdg_toplevel_resource(resource);
 
-	surface->toplevel->next.fullscreen = false;
+	surface->toplevel->client_pending.fullscreen = false;
 
 	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_set_fullscreen_event event = {
 		.surface = surface,
@@ -808,14 +840,14 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_handle_unset_fullscreen(struct wl_client *client,
 		.output = NULL,
 	};
 
-	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.request_fullscreen, &event);
+	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->toplevel->events.request_fullscreen, &event);
 }
 
 static void xdg_toplevel_handle_set_minimized(struct wl_client *client,
 		struct wl_resource *resource) {
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface =
 		xdg_surface_from_xdg_toplevel_resource(resource);
-	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->events.request_minimize, surface);
+	wlr_signal_emit_safe(&surface->toplevel->events.request_minimize, surface);
 }
 
 static const struct zxdg_toplevel_v6_interface
@@ -847,7 +879,7 @@ static void xdg_toplevel_resource_destroy(struct wl_resource *resource) {
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface =
 		xdg_surface_from_xdg_toplevel_resource(resource);
 	if (surface != NULL) {
-		xdg_surface_unmap(surface);
+		xdg_toplevel_destroy(surface);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -865,6 +897,12 @@ static void xdg_surface_handle_get_toplevel(struct wl_client *client,
 		wl_resource_post_no_memory(resource);
 		return;
 	}
+	wl_signal_init(&surface->toplevel->events.request_maximize);
+	wl_signal_init(&surface->toplevel->events.request_fullscreen);
+	wl_signal_init(&surface->toplevel->events.request_minimize);
+	wl_signal_init(&surface->toplevel->events.request_move);
+	wl_signal_init(&surface->toplevel->events.request_resize);
+	wl_signal_init(&surface->toplevel->events.request_show_window_menu);
 
 	surface->role = WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_TOPLEVEL;
 	surface->toplevel->base = surface;
@@ -1012,25 +1050,25 @@ static bool wlr_xdg_surface_v6_toplevel_state_compare(
 		configured.height = configure->toplevel_state->height;
 	}
 
-	if (state->pending.activated != configured.state.activated) {
+	if (state->server_pending.activated != configured.state.activated) {
 		return false;
 	}
-	if (state->pending.fullscreen != configured.state.fullscreen) {
+	if (state->server_pending.fullscreen != configured.state.fullscreen) {
 		return false;
 	}
-	if (state->pending.maximized != configured.state.maximized) {
+	if (state->server_pending.maximized != configured.state.maximized) {
 		return false;
 	}
-	if (state->pending.resizing != configured.state.resizing) {
+	if (state->server_pending.resizing != configured.state.resizing) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	if (state->pending.width == configured.width &&
-			state->pending.height == configured.height) {
+	if (state->server_pending.width == configured.width &&
+			state->server_pending.height == configured.height) {
 		return true;
 	}
 
-	if (state->pending.width == 0 && state->pending.height == 0) {
+	if (state->server_pending.width == 0 && state->server_pending.height == 0) {
 		return true;
 	}
 
@@ -1048,12 +1086,12 @@ static void wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_send_configure(
 		wl_resource_post_no_memory(surface->toplevel->resource);
 		return;
 	}
-	*configure->toplevel_state = surface->toplevel->pending;
+	*configure->toplevel_state = surface->toplevel->server_pending;
 
 	uint32_t *s;
 	struct wl_array states;
 	wl_array_init(&states);
-	if (surface->toplevel->pending.maximized) {
+	if (surface->toplevel->server_pending.maximized) {
 		s = wl_array_add(&states, sizeof(uint32_t));
 		if (!s) {
 			wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Could not allocate state for maximized xdg_toplevel");
@@ -1061,7 +1099,7 @@ static void wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_send_configure(
 		}
 		*s = ZXDG_TOPLEVEL_V6_STATE_MAXIMIZED;
 	}
-	if (surface->toplevel->pending.fullscreen) {
+	if (surface->toplevel->server_pending.fullscreen) {
 		s = wl_array_add(&states, sizeof(uint32_t));
 		if (!s) {
 			wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Could not allocate state for fullscreen xdg_toplevel");
@@ -1069,7 +1107,7 @@ static void wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_send_configure(
 		}
 		*s = ZXDG_TOPLEVEL_V6_STATE_FULLSCREEN;
 	}
-	if (surface->toplevel->pending.resizing) {
+	if (surface->toplevel->server_pending.resizing) {
 		s = wl_array_add(&states, sizeof(uint32_t));
 		if (!s) {
 			wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Could not allocate state for resizing xdg_toplevel");
@@ -1077,7 +1115,7 @@ static void wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_send_configure(
 		}
 		*s = ZXDG_TOPLEVEL_V6_STATE_RESIZING;
 	}
-	if (surface->toplevel->pending.activated) {
+	if (surface->toplevel->server_pending.activated) {
 		s = wl_array_add(&states, sizeof(uint32_t));
 		if (!s) {
 			wlr_log(L_ERROR, "Could not allocate state for activated xdg_toplevel");
@@ -1086,8 +1124,8 @@ static void wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_send_configure(
 		*s = ZXDG_TOPLEVEL_V6_STATE_ACTIVATED;
 	}
 
-	uint32_t width = surface->toplevel->pending.width;
-	uint32_t height = surface->toplevel->pending.height;
+	uint32_t width = surface->toplevel->server_pending.width;
+	uint32_t height = surface->toplevel->server_pending.height;
 	zxdg_toplevel_v6_send_configure(surface->toplevel->resource, width,
 		height, &states);
 
@@ -1195,13 +1233,13 @@ static void wlr_xdg_surface_v6_toplevel_committed(
 
 	// update state that doesn't need compositor approval
 	surface->toplevel->current.max_width =
-		surface->toplevel->next.max_width;
+		surface->toplevel->client_pending.max_width;
 	surface->toplevel->current.min_width =
-		surface->toplevel->next.min_width;
+		surface->toplevel->client_pending.min_width;
 	surface->toplevel->current.max_height =
-		surface->toplevel->next.max_height;
+		surface->toplevel->client_pending.max_height;
 	surface->toplevel->current.min_height =
-		surface->toplevel->next.min_height;
+		surface->toplevel->client_pending.min_height;
 }
 
 static void wlr_xdg_surface_v6_popup_committed(
@@ -1309,12 +1347,6 @@ static void xdg_shell_handle_get_xdg_surface(struct wl_client *wl_client,
 	wl_list_init(&surface->configure_list);
 	wl_list_init(&surface->popups);
 
-	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.request_maximize);
-	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.request_fullscreen);
-	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.request_minimize);
-	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.request_move);
-	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.request_resize);
-	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.request_show_window_menu);
 	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.destroy);
 	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.ping_timeout);
 	wl_signal_init(&surface->events.new_popup);
@@ -1492,8 +1524,8 @@ void wlr_xdg_surface_v6_ping(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface) {
 uint32_t wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_set_size(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface,
 		uint32_t width, uint32_t height) {
 	assert(surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_TOPLEVEL);
-	surface->toplevel->pending.width = width;
-	surface->toplevel->pending.height = height;
+	surface->toplevel->server_pending.width = width;
+	surface->toplevel->server_pending.height = height;
 
 	return wlr_xdg_surface_v6_schedule_configure(surface);
 }
@@ -1501,7 +1533,7 @@ uint32_t wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_set_size(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface,
 uint32_t wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_set_activated(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface,
 		bool activated) {
 	assert(surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_TOPLEVEL);
-	surface->toplevel->pending.activated = activated;
+	surface->toplevel->server_pending.activated = activated;
 
 	return wlr_xdg_surface_v6_schedule_configure(surface);
 }
@@ -1509,7 +1541,7 @@ uint32_t wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_set_activated(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface,
 uint32_t wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_set_maximized(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface,
 		bool maximized) {
 	assert(surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_TOPLEVEL);
-	surface->toplevel->pending.maximized = maximized;
+	surface->toplevel->server_pending.maximized = maximized;
 
 	return wlr_xdg_surface_v6_schedule_configure(surface);
 }
@@ -1517,7 +1549,7 @@ uint32_t wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_set_maximized(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface,
 uint32_t wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_set_fullscreen(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface,
 		bool fullscreen) {
 	assert(surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_TOPLEVEL);
-	surface->toplevel->pending.fullscreen = fullscreen;
+	surface->toplevel->server_pending.fullscreen = fullscreen;
 
 	return wlr_xdg_surface_v6_schedule_configure(surface);
 }
@@ -1525,14 +1557,27 @@ uint32_t wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_set_fullscreen(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface,
 uint32_t wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_set_resizing(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface,
 		bool resizing) {
 	assert(surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_TOPLEVEL);
-	surface->toplevel->pending.resizing = resizing;
+	surface->toplevel->server_pending.resizing = resizing;
 
 	return wlr_xdg_surface_v6_schedule_configure(surface);
 }
 
-void wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_send_close(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface) {
-	assert(surface->role == WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_TOPLEVEL);
-	zxdg_toplevel_v6_send_close(surface->toplevel->resource);
+void wlr_xdg_surface_v6_send_close(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface) {
+	switch (surface->role) {
+	case WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_NONE:
+		assert(0 && "not reached");
+		break;
+	case WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_TOPLEVEL:
+		if (surface->toplevel) {
+			zxdg_toplevel_v6_send_close(surface->toplevel->resource);
+		}
+		break;
+	case WLR_XDG_SURFACE_V6_ROLE_POPUP:
+		if (surface->popup) {
+			zxdg_popup_v6_send_popup_done(surface->popup->resource);
+		}
+		break;
+	}
 }
 
 void wlr_xdg_surface_v6_popup_get_position(struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *surface,
diff --git a/util/region.c b/util/region.c
index 88e38fd2..38f84c5e 100644
--- a/util/region.c
+++ b/util/region.c
@@ -128,3 +128,52 @@ void wlr_region_expand(pixman_region32_t *dst, pixman_region32_t *src,
 	pixman_region32_init_rects(dst, dst_rects, nrects);
 	free(dst_rects);
 }
+
+void wlr_region_rotated_bounds(pixman_region32_t *dst, pixman_region32_t *src,
+		float rotation, int ox, int oy) {
+	if (rotation == 0) {
+		pixman_region32_copy(dst, src);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	int nrects;
+	pixman_box32_t *src_rects = pixman_region32_rectangles(src, &nrects);
+
+	pixman_box32_t *dst_rects = malloc(nrects * sizeof(pixman_box32_t));
+	if (dst_rects == NULL) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < nrects; ++i) {
+		double x1 = src_rects[i].x1 - ox;
+		double y1 = src_rects[i].y1 - oy;
+		double x2 = src_rects[i].x2 - ox;
+		double y2 = src_rects[i].y2 - oy;
+
+		double rx1 = x1 * cos(rotation) - y1 * sin(rotation);
+		double ry1 = x1 * sin(rotation) + y1 * cos(rotation);
+
+		double rx2 = x2 * cos(rotation) - y1 * sin(rotation);
+		double ry2 = x2 * sin(rotation) + y1 * cos(rotation);
+
+		double rx3 = x2 * cos(rotation) - y2 * sin(rotation);
+		double ry3 = x2 * sin(rotation) + y2 * cos(rotation);
+
+		double rx4 = x1 * cos(rotation) - y2 * sin(rotation);
+		double ry4 = x1 * sin(rotation) + y2 * cos(rotation);
+
+		x1 = fmin(fmin(rx1, rx2), fmin(rx3, rx4));
+		y1 = fmin(fmin(ry1, ry2), fmin(ry3, ry4));
+		x2 = fmax(fmax(rx1, rx2), fmax(rx3, rx4));
+		y2 = fmax(fmax(ry1, ry2), fmax(ry3, ry4));
+
+		dst_rects[i].x1 = floor(ox + x1);
+		dst_rects[i].x2 = ceil(ox + x2);
+		dst_rects[i].y1 = floor(oy + y1);
+		dst_rects[i].y2 = ceil(oy + y2);
+	}
+
+	pixman_region32_fini(dst);
+	pixman_region32_init_rects(dst, dst_rects, nrects);
+	free(dst_rects);
+}
diff --git a/xwayland/selection.c b/xwayland/selection.c
index 1d390026..72f3de3e 100644
--- a/xwayland/selection.c
+++ b/xwayland/selection.c
@@ -47,7 +47,21 @@ static int xwm_selection_flush_source_data(struct wlr_xwm_selection *selection)
 	return length;
 }
 
-static int xwm_read_data_source(int fd, uint32_t mask, void *data) {
+static void xwm_data_source_remove_property_source(
+		struct wlr_xwm_selection *selection) {
+	if (selection->property_source) {
+		wl_event_source_remove(selection->property_source);
+	}
+	selection->property_source = NULL;
+}
+
+static void xwm_data_source_close_source_fd(
+		struct wlr_xwm_selection *selection) {
+	close(selection->source_fd);
+	selection->source_fd = -1;
+}
+
+static int xwm_data_source_read(int fd, uint32_t mask, void *data) {
 	struct wlr_xwm_selection *selection = data;
 	struct wlr_xwm *xwm = selection->xwm;
 
@@ -72,13 +86,13 @@ static int xwm_read_data_source(int fd, uint32_t mask, void *data) {
 	}
 
 	wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "read %d (available %d, mask 0x%x) bytes: \"%.*s\"",
-			len, available, mask, len, (char *) p);
+		len, available, mask, len, (char *) p);
 
 	selection->source_data.size = current + len;
 	if (selection->source_data.size >= incr_chunk_size) {
 		if (!selection->incr) {
 			wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "got %zu bytes, starting incr",
-					selection->source_data.size);
+				selection->source_data.size);
 			selection->incr = 1;
 			xcb_change_property(xwm->xcb_conn,
 					XCB_PROP_MODE_REPLACE,
@@ -89,20 +103,17 @@ static int xwm_read_data_source(int fd, uint32_t mask, void *data) {
 					1, &incr_chunk_size);
 			selection->property_set = true;
 			selection->flush_property_on_delete = 1;
-			wl_event_source_remove(selection->property_source);
-			selection->property_source = NULL;
+			xwm_data_source_remove_property_source(selection);
 			xwm_selection_send_notify(selection, selection->request.property);
 		} else if (selection->property_set) {
-			wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "got %zu bytes, waiting for "
-				"property delete", selection->source_data.size);
+			wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "got %zu bytes, waiting for property delete",
+				selection->source_data.size);
 
 			selection->flush_property_on_delete = 1;
-			wl_event_source_remove(selection->property_source);
-			selection->property_source = NULL;
+			xwm_data_source_remove_property_source(selection);
 		} else {
-			wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "got %zu bytes, "
-				"property deleted, setting new property",
-				selection->source_data.size);
+			wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "got %zu bytes, property deleted, setting new "
+				"property", selection->source_data.size);
 			xwm_selection_flush_source_data(selection);
 		}
 	} else if (len == 0 && !selection->incr) {
@@ -111,9 +122,8 @@ static int xwm_read_data_source(int fd, uint32_t mask, void *data) {
 		xwm_selection_flush_source_data(selection);
 		xwm_selection_send_notify(selection, selection->request.property);
 		xcb_flush(xwm->xcb_conn);
-		wl_event_source_remove(selection->property_source);
-		selection->property_source = NULL;
-		close(fd);
+		xwm_data_source_remove_property_source(selection);
+		xwm_data_source_close_source_fd(selection);
 		wl_array_release(&selection->source_data);
 		selection->request.requestor = XCB_NONE;
 	} else if (len == 0 && selection->incr) {
@@ -121,20 +131,16 @@ static int xwm_read_data_source(int fd, uint32_t mask, void *data) {
 
 		selection->flush_property_on_delete = 1;
 		if (selection->property_set) {
-			wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "got %zu bytes, waiting for "
-					"property delete", selection->source_data.size);
+			wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "got %zu bytes, waiting for property delete",
+				selection->source_data.size);
 		} else {
-			wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "got %zu bytes, "
-					"property deleted, setting new property",
-					selection->source_data.size);
+			wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "got %zu bytes, property deleted, setting new "
+				"property", selection->source_data.size);
 			xwm_selection_flush_source_data(selection);
 		}
 		xcb_flush(xwm->xcb_conn);
-		wl_event_source_remove(selection->property_source);
-		selection->property_source = NULL;
-		close(selection->source_fd);
-		selection->source_fd = -1;
-		close(fd);
+		xwm_data_source_remove_property_source(selection);
+		xwm_data_source_close_source_fd(selection);
 	} else {
 		wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "nothing happened, buffered the bytes");
 	}
@@ -143,9 +149,8 @@ static int xwm_read_data_source(int fd, uint32_t mask, void *data) {
 
 error_out:
 	xwm_selection_send_notify(selection, XCB_ATOM_NONE);
-	wl_event_source_remove(selection->property_source);
-	selection->property_source = NULL;
-	close(fd);
+	xwm_data_source_remove_property_source(selection);
+	xwm_data_source_close_source_fd(selection);
 	wl_array_release(&selection->source_data);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -191,9 +196,7 @@ static void xwm_selection_send_data(struct wlr_xwm_selection *selection,
 	struct wl_event_loop *loop =
 		wl_display_get_event_loop(selection->xwm->xwayland->wl_display);
 	selection->property_source = wl_event_loop_add_fd(loop,
-		selection->source_fd,
-		WL_EVENT_READABLE,
-		xwm_read_data_source,
+		selection->source_fd, WL_EVENT_READABLE, xwm_data_source_read,
 		selection);
 
 	xwm_selection_source_send(selection, mime_type, p[1]);
@@ -371,7 +374,13 @@ static void xwm_handle_selection_request(struct wlr_xwm *xwm,
 	}
 }
 
-static int writable_callback(int fd, uint32_t mask, void *data) {
+static void xwm_data_source_destroy_property_reply(
+		struct wlr_xwm_selection *selection) {
+	free(selection->property_reply);
+	selection->property_reply = NULL;
+}
+
+static int xwm_data_source_write(int fd, uint32_t mask, void *data) {
 	struct wlr_xwm_selection *selection = data;
 	struct wlr_xwm *xwm = selection->xwm;
 
@@ -381,13 +390,9 @@ static int writable_callback(int fd, uint32_t mask, void *data) {
 
 	int len = write(fd, property + selection->property_start, remainder);
 	if (len == -1) {
-		free(selection->property_reply);
-		selection->property_reply = NULL;
-		if (selection->property_source) {
-			wl_event_source_remove(selection->property_source);
-		}
-		selection->property_source = NULL;
-		close(fd);
+		xwm_data_source_destroy_property_reply(selection);
+		xwm_data_source_remove_property_source(selection);
+		xwm_data_source_close_source_fd(selection);
 		wlr_log(L_ERROR, "write error to target fd: %m");
 		return 1;
 	}
@@ -398,12 +403,8 @@ static int writable_callback(int fd, uint32_t mask, void *data) {
 
 	selection->property_start += len;
 	if (len == remainder) {
-		free(selection->property_reply);
-		selection->property_reply = NULL;
-		if (selection->property_source) {
-			wl_event_source_remove(selection->property_source);
-		}
-		selection->property_source = NULL;
+		xwm_data_source_destroy_property_reply(selection);
+		xwm_data_source_remove_property_source(selection);
 
 		if (selection->incr) {
 			xcb_delete_property(xwm->xcb_conn,
@@ -411,7 +412,7 @@ static int writable_callback(int fd, uint32_t mask, void *data) {
 				xwm->atoms[WL_SELECTION]);
 		} else {
 			wlr_log(L_DEBUG, "transfer complete");
-			close(fd);
+			xwm_data_source_close_source_fd(selection);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -422,13 +423,13 @@ static void xwm_write_property(struct wlr_xwm_selection *selection,
 		xcb_get_property_reply_t *reply) {
 	selection->property_start = 0;
 	selection->property_reply = reply;
-	writable_callback(selection->source_fd, WL_EVENT_WRITABLE, selection);
+	xwm_data_source_write(selection->source_fd, WL_EVENT_WRITABLE, selection);
 
 	if (selection->property_reply) {
 		struct wl_event_loop *loop =
 			wl_display_get_event_loop(selection->xwm->xwayland->wl_display);
 		selection->property_source = wl_event_loop_add_fd(loop,
-			selection->source_fd, WL_EVENT_WRITABLE, writable_callback,
+			selection->source_fd, WL_EVENT_WRITABLE, xwm_data_source_write,
 			selection);
 	}
 }