Implement type safe arguments and demote sway_container

This commit changes the meaning of sway_container so that it only refers
to layout containers and view containers. Workspaces, outputs and the
root are no longer known as containers. Instead, root, outputs,
workspaces and containers are all a type of node, and containers come in
two types: layout containers and view containers.

In addition to the above, this implements type safe variables. This
means we use specific types such as sway_output and sway_workspace
instead of generic containers or nodes. However, it's worth noting that
in a few places places (eg. seat focus and transactions) referring to
them in a generic way is unavoidable which is why we still use nodes in
some places.

If you want a TL;DR, look at node.h, as well as the struct definitions
for root, output, workspace and container. Note that sway_output now
contains a workspaces list, and workspaces now contain a tiling and
floating list, and containers now contain a pointer back to the
workspace.

There are now functions for seat_get_focused_workspace and
seat_get_focused_container. The latter will return NULL if a workspace
itself is focused. Most other seat functions like seat_get_focus and
seat_set_focus now accept and return nodes.

In the config->handler_context struct, current_container has been
replaced with three pointers: node, container and workspace. node is the
same as what current_container was, while workspace is the workspace
that the node resides on and container is the actual container, which
may be NULL if a workspace itself is focused.

The global root_container variable has been replaced with one simply
called root, which is a pointer to the sway_root instance.

The way outputs are created, enabled, disabled and destroyed has
changed. Previously we'd wrap the sway_output in a container when it is
enabled, but as we don't have containers any more it needs a different
approach. The output_create and output_destroy functions previously
created/destroyed the container, but now they create/destroy the
sway_output. There is a new function output_disable to disable an output
without destroying it.

Containers have a new view property. If this is populated then the
container is a view container, otherwise it's a layout container. Like
before, this property is immutable for the life of the container.

Containers have both a `sway_container *parent` and
`sway_workspace *workspace`. As we use specific types now, parent cannot
point to a workspace so it'll be NULL for containers which are direct
children of the workspace. The workspace property is set for all
containers, except those which are hidden in the scratchpad as they have
no workspace.

In some cases we need to refer to workspaces in a container-like way.
For example, workspaces have layout and children, but when using
specific types this makes it difficult. Likewise, it's difficult for a
container to get its parent's layout when the parent could be another
container or a workspace. To make it easier, some helper functions have
been created: container_parent_layout and container_get_siblings.

container_remove_child has been renamed to container_detach and
container_replace_child has been renamed to container_replace.

`container_handle_fullscreen_reparent(con, old_parent)` has had the
old_parent removed. We now unfullscreen the workspace when detaching the
container, so this function is simplified and only needs one argument
now.

container_notify_subtree_changed has been renamed to
container_update_representation. This is more descriptive of its
purpose. I also wanted to be able to call it with whatever container was
changed rather than the container's parent, which makes bubbling up to
the workspace easier.

There are now state structs per node thing. ie. sway_output_state,
sway_workspace_state and sway_container_state.

The focus, move and layout commands have been completely refactored to
work with the specific types. I considered making these a separate PR,
but I'd be backporting my changes only to replace them again, and it's
easier just to test everything at once.

8 files changed, 547 insertions, 463 deletions

diff --git a/sway/desktop/desktop.c b/sway/desktop/desktop.c
index 72650397..771b58fe 100644
--- a/sway/desktop/desktop.c
+++ b/sway/desktop/desktop.c
@@ -4,37 +4,32 @@
 
 void desktop_damage_surface(struct wlr_surface *surface, double lx, double ly,
 		bool whole) {
-	for (int i = 0; i < root_container.children->length; ++i) {
-		struct sway_container *cont = root_container.children->items[i];
-		if (cont->type == C_OUTPUT) {
-			output_damage_surface(cont->sway_output,
-				lx - cont->current.swayc_x, ly - cont->current.swayc_y,
-				surface, whole);
-		}
+	for (int i = 0; i < root->outputs->length; ++i) {
+		struct sway_output *output = root->outputs->items[i];
+		output_damage_surface(output, lx - output->wlr_output->lx,
+				ly - output->wlr_output->ly, surface, whole);
 	}
 }
 
 void desktop_damage_whole_container(struct sway_container *con) {
-	for (int i = 0; i < root_container.children->length; ++i) {
-		struct sway_container *cont = root_container.children->items[i];
-		if (cont->type == C_OUTPUT) {
-			output_damage_whole_container(cont->sway_output, con);
-		}
+	for (int i = 0; i < root->outputs->length; ++i) {
+		struct sway_output *output = root->outputs->items[i];
+		output_damage_whole_container(output, con);
 	}
 }
 
 void desktop_damage_box(struct wlr_box *box) {
-	for (int i = 0; i < root_container.children->length; ++i) {
-		struct sway_container *cont = root_container.children->items[i];
-		output_damage_box(cont->sway_output, box);
+	for (int i = 0; i < root->outputs->length; ++i) {
+		struct sway_output *output = root->outputs->items[i];
+		output_damage_box(output, box);
 	}
 }
 
 void desktop_damage_view(struct sway_view *view) {
-	desktop_damage_whole_container(view->swayc);
+	desktop_damage_whole_container(view->container);
 	struct wlr_box box = {
-		.x = view->swayc->current.view_x - view->geometry.x,
-		.y = view->swayc->current.view_y - view->geometry.y,
+		.x = view->container->current.view_x - view->geometry.x,
+		.y = view->container->current.view_y - view->geometry.y,
 		.width = view->surface->current.width,
 		.height = view->surface->current.height,
 	};
diff --git a/sway/desktop/layer_shell.c b/sway/desktop/layer_shell.c
index a4f7f928..7d254173 100644
--- a/sway/desktop/layer_shell.c
+++ b/sway/desktop/layer_shell.c
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "sway/output.h"
 #include "sway/server.h"
 #include "sway/tree/arrange.h"
+#include "sway/tree/workspace.h"
 #include "log.h"
 
 static void apply_exclusive(struct wlr_box *usable_area,
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ void arrange_layers(struct sway_output *output) {
 				sizeof(struct wlr_box)) != 0) {
 		wlr_log(WLR_DEBUG, "Usable area changed, rearranging output");
 		memcpy(&output->usable_area, &usable_area, sizeof(struct wlr_box));
-		arrange_output(output->swayc);
+		arrange_output(output);
 	}
 
 	// Arrange non-exlusive surfaces from top->bottom
@@ -256,7 +257,7 @@ static void unmap(struct sway_layer_surface *sway_layer) {
 		return;
 	}
 	struct sway_output *output = wlr_output->data;
-	if (output == NULL || output->swayc == NULL) {
+	if (output == NULL) {
 		return;
 	}
 	output_damage_surface(output, sway_layer->geo.x, sway_layer->geo.y,
@@ -283,9 +284,9 @@ static void handle_destroy(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	wl_list_remove(&sway_layer->surface_commit.link);
 	if (sway_layer->layer_surface->output != NULL) {
 		struct sway_output *output = sway_layer->layer_surface->output->data;
-		if (output != NULL && output->swayc != NULL) {
+		if (output != NULL) {
 			arrange_layers(output);
-			arrange_windows(output->swayc);
+			arrange_output(output);
 			transaction_commit_dirty();
 		}
 		wl_list_remove(&sway_layer->output_destroy.link);
@@ -332,23 +333,21 @@ void handle_layer_shell_surface(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 
 	if (!layer_surface->output) {
 		// Assign last active output
-		struct sway_container *output = NULL;
+		struct sway_output *output = NULL;
 		struct sway_seat *seat = input_manager_get_default_seat(input_manager);
 		if (seat) {
-			output = seat_get_focus_inactive(seat, &root_container);
+			struct sway_workspace *ws = seat_get_focused_workspace(seat);
+			output = ws->output;
 		}
 		if (!output) {
-			if (!sway_assert(root_container.children->length,
+			if (!sway_assert(root->outputs->length,
 						"cannot auto-assign output for layer")) {
 				wlr_layer_surface_close(layer_surface);
 				return;
 			}
-			output = root_container.children->items[0];
+			output = root->outputs->items[0];
 		}
-		if (output->type != C_OUTPUT) {
-			output = container_parent(output, C_OUTPUT);
-		}
-		layer_surface->output = output->sway_output->wlr_output;
+		layer_surface->output = output->wlr_output;
 	}
 
 	struct sway_layer_surface *sway_layer =
diff --git a/sway/desktop/output.c b/sway/desktop/output.c
index c30e52a1..c182bad6 100644
--- a/sway/desktop/output.c
+++ b/sway/desktop/output.c
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@
 #include "sway/tree/view.h"
 #include "sway/tree/workspace.h"
 
-struct sway_container *output_by_name(const char *name) {
-	for (int i = 0; i < root_container.children->length; ++i) {
-		struct sway_container *output = root_container.children->items[i];
-		if (strcasecmp(output->name, name) == 0) {
+struct sway_output *output_by_name(const char *name) {
+	for (int i = 0; i < root->outputs->length; ++i) {
+		struct sway_output *output = root->outputs->items[i];
+		if (strcasecmp(output->wlr_output->name, name) == 0) {
 			return output;
 		}
 	}
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ static bool get_surface_box(struct surface_iterator_data *data,
 	wlr_box_rotated_bounds(&box, data->rotation, &rotated_box);
 
 	struct wlr_box output_box = {
-		.width = output->swayc->current.swayc_width,
-		.height = output->swayc->current.swayc_height,
+		.width = output->wlr_output->width,
+		.height = output->wlr_output->height,
 	};
 
 	struct wlr_box intersection;
@@ -145,12 +145,12 @@ void output_view_for_each_surface(struct sway_output *output,
 		.user_iterator = iterator,
 		.user_data = user_data,
 		.output = output,
-		.ox = view->swayc->current.view_x - output->swayc->current.swayc_x
+		.ox = view->container->current.view_x - output->wlr_output->lx
 			- view->geometry.x,
-		.oy = view->swayc->current.view_y - output->swayc->current.swayc_y
+		.oy = view->container->current.view_y - output->wlr_output->ly
 			- view->geometry.y,
-		.width = view->swayc->current.view_width,
-		.height = view->swayc->current.view_height,
+		.width = view->container->current.view_width,
+		.height = view->container->current.view_height,
 		.rotation = 0, // TODO
 	};
 
@@ -164,12 +164,12 @@ void output_view_for_each_popup(struct sway_output *output,
 		.user_iterator = iterator,
 		.user_data = user_data,
 		.output = output,
-		.ox = view->swayc->current.view_x - output->swayc->current.swayc_x
+		.ox = view->container->current.view_x - output->wlr_output->lx
 			- view->geometry.x,
-		.oy = view->swayc->current.view_y - output->swayc->current.swayc_y
+		.oy = view->container->current.view_y - output->wlr_output->ly
 			- view->geometry.y,
-		.width = view->swayc->current.view_width,
-		.height = view->swayc->current.view_height,
+		.width = view->container->current.view_width,
+		.height = view->container->current.view_height,
 		.rotation = 0, // TODO
 	};
 
@@ -197,8 +197,8 @@ void output_unmanaged_for_each_surface(struct sway_output *output,
 	wl_list_for_each(unmanaged_surface, unmanaged, link) {
 		struct wlr_xwayland_surface *xsurface =
 			unmanaged_surface->wlr_xwayland_surface;
-		double ox = unmanaged_surface->lx - output->swayc->current.swayc_x;
-		double oy = unmanaged_surface->ly - output->swayc->current.swayc_y;
+		double ox = unmanaged_surface->lx - output->wlr_output->lx;
+		double oy = unmanaged_surface->ly - output->wlr_output->ly;
 
 		output_surface_for_each_surface(output, xsurface->surface, ox, oy,
 			iterator, user_data);
@@ -211,8 +211,8 @@ void output_drag_icons_for_each_surface(struct sway_output *output,
 		void *user_data) {
 	struct sway_drag_icon *drag_icon;
 	wl_list_for_each(drag_icon, drag_icons, link) {
-		double ox = drag_icon->x - output->swayc->x;
-		double oy = drag_icon->y - output->swayc->y;
+		double ox = drag_icon->x - output->wlr_output->lx;
+		double oy = drag_icon->y - output->wlr_output->ly;
 
 		if (drag_icon->wlr_drag_icon->mapped) {
 			output_surface_for_each_surface(output,
@@ -229,19 +229,13 @@ static void scale_box(struct wlr_box *box, float scale) {
 	box->height *= scale;
 }
 
-struct sway_container *output_get_active_workspace(struct sway_output *output) {
+struct sway_workspace *output_get_active_workspace(struct sway_output *output) {
 	struct sway_seat *seat = input_manager_current_seat(input_manager);
-	struct sway_container *focus =
-		seat_get_focus_inactive(seat, output->swayc);
+	struct sway_node *focus = seat_get_active_child(seat, &output->node);
 	if (!focus) {
-		// We've never been to this output before
-		focus = output->swayc->current.children->items[0];
+		return output->workspaces->items[0];
 	}
-	struct sway_container *workspace = focus;
-	if (workspace->type != C_WORKSPACE) {
-		workspace = container_parent(workspace, C_WORKSPACE);
-	}
-	return workspace;
+	return focus->sway_workspace;
 }
 
 bool output_has_opaque_overlay_layer_surface(struct sway_output *output) {
@@ -255,8 +249,8 @@ bool output_has_opaque_overlay_layer_surface(struct sway_output *output) {
 		struct sway_layer_surface *sway_layer_surface =
 			layer_from_wlr_layer_surface(wlr_layer_surface);
 		pixman_box32_t output_box = {
-			.x2 = output->swayc->current.swayc_width,
-			.y2 = output->swayc->current.swayc_height,
+			.x2 = output->wlr_output->width,
+			.y2 = output->wlr_output->height,
 		};
 		pixman_region32_t surface_opaque_box;
 		pixman_region32_init(&surface_opaque_box);
@@ -307,15 +301,15 @@ struct send_frame_done_data {
 
 static void send_frame_done_container_iterator(struct sway_container *con,
 		void *_data) {
-	if (con->type != C_VIEW) {
+	if (!con->view) {
 		return;
 	}
-	if (!view_is_visible(con->sway_view)) {
+	if (!view_is_visible(con->view)) {
 		return;
 	}
 
 	struct send_frame_done_data *data = _data;
-	output_view_for_each_surface(data->output, con->sway_view,
+	output_view_for_each_surface(data->output, con->view,
 		send_frame_done_iterator, data->when);
 }
 
@@ -328,15 +322,14 @@ static void send_frame_done(struct sway_output *output, struct timespec *when) {
 		.output = output,
 		.when = when,
 	};
-	struct sway_container *workspace = output_get_active_workspace(output);
-	if (workspace->current.ws_fullscreen) {
+	struct sway_workspace *workspace = output_get_active_workspace(output);
+	if (workspace->current.fullscreen) {
 		send_frame_done_container_iterator(
-				workspace->current.ws_fullscreen, &data);
-		container_for_each_child(workspace->current.ws_fullscreen,
+				workspace->current.fullscreen, &data);
+		container_for_each_child(workspace->current.fullscreen,
 				send_frame_done_container_iterator, &data);
 #ifdef HAVE_XWAYLAND
-		send_frame_done_unmanaged(output,
-			&root_container.sway_root->xwayland_unmanaged, when);
+		send_frame_done_unmanaged(output, &root->xwayland_unmanaged, when);
 #endif
 	} else {
 		send_frame_done_layer(output,
@@ -348,8 +341,7 @@ static void send_frame_done(struct sway_output *output, struct timespec *when) {
 				send_frame_done_container_iterator, &data);
 
 #ifdef HAVE_XWAYLAND
-		send_frame_done_unmanaged(output,
-			&root_container.sway_root->xwayland_unmanaged, when);
+		send_frame_done_unmanaged(output, &root->xwayland_unmanaged, when);
 #endif
 		send_frame_done_layer(output,
 			&output->layers[ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_TOP], when);
@@ -358,8 +350,7 @@ static void send_frame_done(struct sway_output *output, struct timespec *when) {
 send_frame_overlay:
 	send_frame_done_layer(output,
 		&output->layers[ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_OVERLAY], when);
-	send_frame_done_drag_icons(output, &root_container.sway_root->drag_icons,
-		when);
+	send_frame_done_drag_icons(output, &root->drag_icons, when);
 }
 
 static void damage_handle_frame(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
@@ -391,7 +382,11 @@ static void damage_handle_frame(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 }
 
 void output_damage_whole(struct sway_output *output) {
-	wlr_output_damage_add_whole(output->damage);
+	// The output can exist with no wlr_output if it's just been disconnected
+	// and the transaction to evacuate it has't completed yet.
+	if (output && output->wlr_output) {
+		wlr_output_damage_add_whole(output->damage);
+	}
 }
 
 static void damage_surface_iterator(struct sway_output *output,
@@ -446,14 +441,9 @@ void output_damage_surface(struct sway_output *output, double ox, double oy,
 
 static void output_damage_view(struct sway_output *output,
 		struct sway_view *view, bool whole) {
-	if (!sway_assert(view->swayc != NULL, "expected a view in the tree")) {
-		return;
-	}
-
 	if (!view_is_visible(view)) {
 		return;
 	}
-
 	output_view_for_each_surface(output, view, damage_surface_iterator, &whole);
 }
 
@@ -466,31 +456,29 @@ void output_damage_from_view(struct sway_output *output,
 void output_damage_box(struct sway_output *output, struct wlr_box *_box) {
 	struct wlr_box box;
 	memcpy(&box, _box, sizeof(struct wlr_box));
-	box.x -= output->swayc->current.swayc_x;
-	box.y -= output->swayc->current.swayc_y;
+	box.x -= output->wlr_output->lx;
+	box.y -= output->wlr_output->ly;
 	scale_box(&box, output->wlr_output->scale);
 	wlr_output_damage_add_box(output->damage, &box);
 }
 
 static void output_damage_whole_container_iterator(struct sway_container *con,
 		void *data) {
-	struct sway_output *output = data;
-
-	if (!sway_assert(con->type == C_VIEW, "expected a view")) {
+	if (!sway_assert(con->view, "expected a view")) {
 		return;
 	}
-
-	output_damage_view(output, con->sway_view, true);
+	struct sway_output *output = data;
+	output_damage_view(output, con->view, true);
 }
 
 void output_damage_whole_container(struct sway_output *output,
 		struct sway_container *con) {
 	// Pad the box by 1px, because the width is a double and might be a fraction
 	struct wlr_box box = {
-		.x = con->current.swayc_x - output->wlr_output->lx - 1,
-		.y = con->current.swayc_y - output->wlr_output->ly - 1,
-		.width = con->current.swayc_width + 2,
-		.height = con->current.swayc_height + 2,
+		.x = con->current.con_x - output->wlr_output->lx - 1,
+		.y = con->current.con_y - output->wlr_output->ly - 1,
+		.width = con->current.con_width + 2,
+		.height = con->current.con_height + 2,
 	};
 	scale_box(&box, output->wlr_output->scale);
 	wlr_output_damage_add_box(output->damage, &box);
@@ -499,44 +487,48 @@ void output_damage_whole_container(struct sway_output *output,
 static void damage_handle_destroy(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	struct sway_output *output =
 		wl_container_of(listener, output, damage_destroy);
-	output_begin_destroy(output->swayc);
+	output_disable(output);
+	transaction_commit_dirty();
 }
 
 static void handle_destroy(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	struct sway_output *output = wl_container_of(listener, output, destroy);
 	wl_signal_emit(&output->events.destroy, output);
 
-	if (output->swayc) {
-		output_begin_destroy(output->swayc);
+	if (output->enabled) {
+		output_disable(output);
 	}
+	output_begin_destroy(output);
 
-	wl_list_remove(&output->link);
-	wl_list_remove(&output->destroy.link);
-	output->wlr_output->data = NULL;
-	free(output);
-
-	arrange_windows(&root_container);
+	transaction_commit_dirty();
 }
 
 static void handle_mode(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	struct sway_output *output = wl_container_of(listener, output, mode);
 	arrange_layers(output);
-	arrange_windows(output->swayc);
+	arrange_output(output);
 	transaction_commit_dirty();
 }
 
 static void handle_transform(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	struct sway_output *output = wl_container_of(listener, output, transform);
 	arrange_layers(output);
-	arrange_windows(output->swayc);
+	arrange_output(output);
 	transaction_commit_dirty();
 }
 
+static void update_textures(struct sway_container *con, void *data) {
+	container_update_title_textures(con);
+	if (con->view) {
+		view_update_marks_textures(con->view);
+	}
+}
+
 static void handle_scale(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	struct sway_output *output = wl_container_of(listener, output, scale);
 	arrange_layers(output);
-	container_update_textures_recursive(output->swayc);
-	arrange_windows(output->swayc);
+	output_for_each_container(output, update_textures, NULL);
+	arrange_output(output);
 	transaction_commit_dirty();
 }
 
@@ -545,57 +537,27 @@ void handle_new_output(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	struct wlr_output *wlr_output = data;
 	wlr_log(WLR_DEBUG, "New output %p: %s", wlr_output, wlr_output->name);
 
-	struct sway_output *output = calloc(1, sizeof(struct sway_output));
+	struct sway_output *output = output_create(wlr_output);
 	if (!output) {
 		return;
 	}
-	output->wlr_output = wlr_output;
-	wlr_output->data = output;
 	output->server = server;
 	output->damage = wlr_output_damage_create(wlr_output);
-
-	wl_signal_add(&wlr_output->events.destroy, &output->destroy);
 	output->destroy.notify = handle_destroy;
 
-	wl_list_insert(&root_container.sway_root->all_outputs, &output->link);
-
-	output_enable(output);
-}
-
-void output_enable(struct sway_output *output) {
-	struct wlr_output *wlr_output = output->wlr_output;
-
-	if (!sway_assert(output->swayc == NULL, "output is already enabled")) {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	output->swayc = output_create(output);
-	if (!output->swayc) {
-		// Output is disabled
-		return;
-	}
+	struct output_config *oc = output_find_config(output);
 
-	size_t len = sizeof(output->layers) / sizeof(output->layers[0]);
-	for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
-		wl_list_init(&output->layers[i]);
+	if (oc && oc->enabled) {
+		output_enable(output, oc);
 	}
-	wl_signal_init(&output->events.destroy);
 
-	input_manager_configure_xcursor(input_manager);
+	transaction_commit_dirty();
+}
 
-	wl_signal_add(&wlr_output->events.mode, &output->mode);
+void output_add_listeners(struct sway_output *output) {
 	output->mode.notify = handle_mode;
-	wl_signal_add(&wlr_output->events.transform, &output->transform);
 	output->transform.notify = handle_transform;
-	wl_signal_add(&wlr_output->events.scale, &output->scale);
 	output->scale.notify = handle_scale;
-
-	wl_signal_add(&output->damage->events.frame, &output->damage_frame);
 	output->damage_frame.notify = damage_handle_frame;
-	wl_signal_add(&output->damage->events.destroy, &output->damage_destroy);
 	output->damage_destroy.notify = damage_handle_destroy;
-
-	arrange_layers(output);
-	arrange_windows(&root_container);
-	transaction_commit_dirty();
 }
diff --git a/sway/desktop/render.c b/sway/desktop/render.c
index 695213eb..99b2cf3d 100644
--- a/sway/desktop/render.c
+++ b/sway/desktop/render.c
@@ -193,10 +193,10 @@ static void render_view_toplevels(struct sway_view *view,
 		.alpha = alpha,
 	};
 	// Render all toplevels without descending into popups
-	double ox =
-		view->swayc->current.view_x - output->wlr_output->lx - view->geometry.x;
-	double oy =
-		view->swayc->current.view_y - output->wlr_output->ly - view->geometry.y;
+	double ox = view->container->current.view_x -
+		output->wlr_output->lx - view->geometry.x;
+	double oy = view->container->current.view_y -
+		output->wlr_output->ly - view->geometry.y;
 	output_surface_for_each_surface(output, view->surface, ox, oy,
 			render_surface_iterator, &data);
 }
@@ -229,17 +229,17 @@ static void render_saved_view(struct sway_view *view,
 		return;
 	}
 	struct wlr_box box = {
-		.x = view->swayc->current.view_x - output->swayc->current.swayc_x -
+		.x = view->container->current.view_x - output->wlr_output->lx -
 			view->saved_geometry.x,
-		.y = view->swayc->current.view_y - output->swayc->current.swayc_y -
+		.y = view->container->current.view_y - output->wlr_output->ly -
 			view->saved_geometry.y,
 		.width = view->saved_buffer_width,
 		.height = view->saved_buffer_height,
 	};
 
 	struct wlr_box output_box = {
-		.width = output->swayc->current.swayc_width,
-		.height = output->swayc->current.swayc_height,
+		.width = output->wlr_output->width,
+		.height = output->wlr_output->height,
 	};
 
 	struct wlr_box intersection;
@@ -263,14 +263,14 @@ static void render_saved_view(struct sway_view *view,
  */
 static void render_view(struct sway_output *output, pixman_region32_t *damage,
 		struct sway_container *con, struct border_colors *colors) {
-	struct sway_view *view = con->sway_view;
+	struct sway_view *view = con->view;
 	if (view->saved_buffer) {
-		render_saved_view(view, output, damage, view->swayc->alpha);
+		render_saved_view(view, output, damage, view->container->alpha);
 	} else {
-		render_view_toplevels(view, output, damage, view->swayc->alpha);
+		render_view_toplevels(view, output, damage, view->container->alpha);
 	}
 
-	if (view->swayc->current.using_csd) {
+	if (view->container->current.using_csd) {
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ static void render_view(struct sway_output *output, pixman_region32_t *damage,
 		if (state->border_left) {
 			memcpy(&color, colors->child_border, sizeof(float) * 4);
 			premultiply_alpha(color, con->alpha);
-			box.x = state->swayc_x;
+			box.x = state->con_x;
 			box.y = state->view_y;
 			box.width = state->border_thickness;
 			box.height = state->view_height;
@@ -291,9 +291,12 @@ static void render_view(struct sway_output *output, pixman_region32_t *damage,
 			render_rect(output->wlr_output, damage, &box, color);
 		}
 
+		list_t *siblings = container_get_current_siblings(con);
+		enum sway_container_layout layout =
+			container_current_parent_layout(con);
+
 		if (state->border_right) {
-			if (state->parent->current.children->length == 1
-					&& state->parent->current.layout == L_HORIZ) {
+			if (siblings->length == 1 && layout == L_HORIZ) {
 				memcpy(&color, colors->indicator, sizeof(float) * 4);
 			} else {
 				memcpy(&color, colors->child_border, sizeof(float) * 4);
@@ -308,16 +311,15 @@ static void render_view(struct sway_output *output, pixman_region32_t *damage,
 		}
 
 		if (state->border_bottom) {
-			if (state->parent->current.children->length == 1
-					&& con->current.parent->current.layout == L_VERT) {
+			if (siblings->length == 1 && layout == L_VERT) {
 				memcpy(&color, colors->indicator, sizeof(float) * 4);
 			} else {
 				memcpy(&color, colors->child_border, sizeof(float) * 4);
 			}
 			premultiply_alpha(color, con->alpha);
-			box.x = state->swayc_x;
+			box.x = state->con_x;
 			box.y = state->view_y + state->view_height;
-			box.width = state->swayc_width;
+			box.width = state->con_width;
 			box.height = state->border_thickness;
 			scale_box(&box, output_scale);
 			render_rect(output->wlr_output, damage, &box, color);
@@ -344,12 +346,12 @@ static void render_titlebar(struct sway_output *output,
 	float color[4];
 	struct sway_container_state *state = &con->current;
 	float output_scale = output->wlr_output->scale;
-	enum sway_container_layout layout = state->parent->current.layout;
-	list_t *children = state->parent->current.children;
+	enum sway_container_layout layout = container_current_parent_layout(con);
+	list_t *children = container_get_current_siblings(con);
 	bool is_last_child = children->length == 0 ||
 		children->items[children->length - 1] == con;
-	double output_x = output->swayc->current.swayc_x;
-	double output_y = output->swayc->current.swayc_y;
+	double output_x = output->wlr_output->lx;
+	double output_y = output->wlr_output->ly;
 
 	// Single pixel bar above title
 	memcpy(&color, colors->border, sizeof(float) * 4);
@@ -366,7 +368,7 @@ static void render_titlebar(struct sway_output *output,
 	bool connects_sides = false;
 	if (layout == L_HORIZ || layout == L_VERT ||
 			(layout == L_STACKED && is_last_child)) {
-		if (con->type == C_VIEW) {
+		if (con->view) {
 			left_offset = state->border_left * state->border_thickness;
 			right_offset = state->border_right * state->border_thickness;
 			connects_sides = true;
@@ -542,14 +544,22 @@ static void render_top_border(struct sway_output *output,
 	// Child border - top edge
 	memcpy(&color, colors->child_border, sizeof(float) * 4);
 	premultiply_alpha(color, con->alpha);
-	box.x = state->swayc_x;
-	box.y = state->swayc_y;
-	box.width = state->swayc_width;
+	box.x = state->con_x;
+	box.y = state->con_y;
+	box.width = state->con_width;
 	box.height = state->border_thickness;
 	scale_box(&box, output_scale);
 	render_rect(output->wlr_output, output_damage, &box, color);
 }
 
+struct parent_data {
+	enum sway_container_layout layout;
+	struct wlr_box box;
+	list_t *children;
+	bool focused;
+	struct sway_container *active_child;
+};
+
 static void render_container(struct sway_output *output,
 	pixman_region32_t *damage, struct sway_container *con, bool parent_focused);
 
@@ -559,14 +569,13 @@ static void render_container(struct sway_output *output,
  * Wrap child views in borders and leave child containers borderless because
  * they'll apply their own borders to their children.
  */
-static void render_container_simple(struct sway_output *output,
-		pixman_region32_t *damage, struct sway_container *con,
-		bool parent_focused) {
-	for (int i = 0; i < con->current.children->length; ++i) {
-		struct sway_container *child = con->current.children->items[i];
-
-		if (child->type == C_VIEW) {
-			struct sway_view *view = child->sway_view;
+static void render_containers_linear(struct sway_output *output,
+		pixman_region32_t *damage, struct parent_data *parent) {
+	for (int i = 0; i < parent->children->length; ++i) {
+		struct sway_container *child = parent->children->items[i];
+
+		if (child->view) {
+			struct sway_view *view = child->view;
 			struct border_colors *colors;
 			struct wlr_texture *title_texture;
 			struct wlr_texture *marks_texture;
@@ -576,11 +585,11 @@ static void render_container_simple(struct sway_output *output,
 				colors = &config->border_colors.urgent;
 				title_texture = child->title_urgent;
 				marks_texture = view->marks_urgent;
-			} else if (state->focused || parent_focused) {
+			} else if (state->focused || parent->focused) {
 				colors = &config->border_colors.focused;
 				title_texture = child->title_focused;
 				marks_texture = view->marks_focused;
-			} else if (con->current.focused_inactive_child == child) {
+			} else if (child == parent->active_child) {
 				colors = &config->border_colors.focused_inactive;
 				title_texture = child->title_focused_inactive;
 				marks_texture = view->marks_focused_inactive;
@@ -590,10 +599,10 @@ static void render_container_simple(struct sway_output *output,
 				marks_texture = view->marks_unfocused;
 			}
 
-			if (!view->swayc->current.using_csd) {
+			if (!view->container->current.using_csd) {
 				if (state->border == B_NORMAL) {
-					render_titlebar(output, damage, child, state->swayc_x,
-							state->swayc_y, state->swayc_width, colors,
+					render_titlebar(output, damage, child, state->con_x,
+							state->con_y, state->con_width, colors,
 							title_texture, marks_texture);
 				} else {
 					render_top_border(output, damage, child, colors);
@@ -602,7 +611,7 @@ static void render_container_simple(struct sway_output *output,
 			render_view(output, damage, child, colors);
 		} else {
 			render_container(output, damage, child,
-					parent_focused || child->current.focused);
+					parent->focused || child->current.focused);
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -610,22 +619,19 @@ static void render_container_simple(struct sway_output *output,
 /**
  * Render a container's children using the L_TABBED layout.
  */
-static void render_container_tabbed(struct sway_output *output,
-		pixman_region32_t *damage, struct sway_container *con,
-		bool parent_focused) {
-	if (!con->current.children->length) {
+static void render_containers_tabbed(struct sway_output *output,
+		pixman_region32_t *damage, struct parent_data *parent) {
+	if (!parent->children->length) {
 		return;
 	}
-	struct sway_container_state *pstate = &con->current;
-	struct sway_container *current = pstate->focused_inactive_child;
+	struct sway_container *current = parent->active_child;
 	struct border_colors *current_colors = &config->border_colors.unfocused;
-
-	int tab_width = (pstate->swayc_width) / pstate->children->length;
+	int tab_width = parent->box.width / parent->children->length;
 
 	// Render tabs
-	for (int i = 0; i < pstate->children->length; ++i) {
-		struct sway_container *child = pstate->children->items[i];
-		struct sway_view *view = child->type == C_VIEW ? child->sway_view : NULL;
+	for (int i = 0; i < parent->children->length; ++i) {
+		struct sway_container *child = parent->children->items[i];
+		struct sway_view *view = child->view;
 		struct sway_container_state *cstate = &child->current;
 		struct border_colors *colors;
 		struct wlr_texture *title_texture;
@@ -637,11 +643,11 @@ static void render_container_tabbed(struct sway_output *output,
 			colors = &config->border_colors.urgent;
 			title_texture = child->title_urgent;
 			marks_texture = view ? view->marks_urgent : NULL;
-		} else if (cstate->focused || parent_focused) {
+		} else if (cstate->focused || parent->focused) {
 			colors = &config->border_colors.focused;
 			title_texture = child->title_focused;
 			marks_texture = view ? view->marks_focused : NULL;
-		} else if (child == pstate->focused_inactive_child) {
+		} else if (child == parent->active_child) {
 			colors = &config->border_colors.focused_inactive;
 			title_texture = child->title_focused_inactive;
 			marks_texture = view ? view->marks_focused_inactive : NULL;
@@ -651,14 +657,14 @@ static void render_container_tabbed(struct sway_output *output,
 			marks_texture = view ? view->marks_unfocused : NULL;
 		}
 
-		int x = cstate->swayc_x + tab_width * i;
+		int x = cstate->con_x + tab_width * i;
 
 		// Make last tab use the remaining width of the parent
-		if (i == pstate->children->length - 1) {
-			tab_width = pstate->swayc_width - tab_width * i;
+		if (i == parent->children->length - 1) {
+			tab_width = parent->box.width - tab_width * i;
 		}
 
-		render_titlebar(output, damage, child, x, pstate->swayc_y, tab_width,
+		render_titlebar(output, damage, child, x, parent->box.y, tab_width,
 				colors, title_texture, marks_texture);
 
 		if (child == current) {
@@ -667,33 +673,30 @@ static void render_container_tabbed(struct sway_output *output,
 	}
 
 	// Render surface and left/right/bottom borders
-	if (current->type == C_VIEW) {
+	if (current->view) {
 		render_view(output, damage, current, current_colors);
 	} else {
 		render_container(output, damage, current,
-				parent_focused || current->current.focused);
+				parent->focused || current->current.focused);
 	}
 }
 
 /**
  * Render a container's children using the L_STACKED layout.
  */
-static void render_container_stacked(struct sway_output *output,
-		pixman_region32_t *damage, struct sway_container *con,
-		bool parent_focused) {
-	if (!con->current.children->length) {
+static void render_containers_stacked(struct sway_output *output,
+		pixman_region32_t *damage, struct parent_data *parent) {
+	if (!parent->children->length) {
 		return;
 	}
-	struct sway_container_state *pstate = &con->current;
-	struct sway_container *current = pstate->focused_inactive_child;
+	struct sway_container *current = parent->active_child;
 	struct border_colors *current_colors = &config->border_colors.unfocused;
-
 	size_t titlebar_height = container_titlebar_height();
 
 	// Render titles
-	for (int i = 0; i < pstate->children->length; ++i) {
-		struct sway_container *child = pstate->children->items[i];
-		struct sway_view *view = child->type == C_VIEW ? child->sway_view : NULL;
+	for (int i = 0; i < parent->children->length; ++i) {
+		struct sway_container *child = parent->children->items[i];
+		struct sway_view *view = child->view;
 		struct sway_container_state *cstate = &child->current;
 		struct border_colors *colors;
 		struct wlr_texture *title_texture;
@@ -705,11 +708,11 @@ static void render_container_stacked(struct sway_output *output,
 			colors = &config->border_colors.urgent;
 			title_texture = child->title_urgent;
 			marks_texture = view ? view->marks_urgent : NULL;
-		} else if (cstate->focused || parent_focused) {
+		} else if (cstate->focused || parent->focused) {
 			colors = &config->border_colors.focused;
 			title_texture = child->title_focused;
 			marks_texture = view ? view->marks_focused : NULL;
-		} else if (child == pstate->focused_inactive_child) {
+		} else if (child == parent->active_child) {
 			colors = &config->border_colors.focused_inactive;
 			title_texture = child->title_focused_inactive;
 			marks_texture = view ? view->marks_focused_inactive : NULL;
@@ -719,9 +722,9 @@ static void render_container_stacked(struct sway_output *output,
 			marks_texture = view ? view->marks_unfocused : NULL;
 		}
 
-		int y = pstate->swayc_y + titlebar_height * i;
-		render_titlebar(output, damage, child, pstate->swayc_x, y,
-				pstate->swayc_width, colors, title_texture, marks_texture);
+		int y = parent->box.y + titlebar_height * i;
+		render_titlebar(output, damage, child, parent->box.x, y,
+				parent->box.width, colors, title_texture, marks_texture);
 
 		if (child == current) {
 			current_colors = colors;
@@ -729,36 +732,69 @@ static void render_container_stacked(struct sway_output *output,
 	}
 
 	// Render surface and left/right/bottom borders
-	if (current->type == C_VIEW) {
+	if (current->view) {
 		render_view(output, damage, current, current_colors);
 	} else {
 		render_container(output, damage, current,
-				parent_focused || current->current.focused);
+				parent->focused || current->current.focused);
 	}
 }
 
-static void render_container(struct sway_output *output,
-		pixman_region32_t *damage, struct sway_container *con,
-		bool parent_focused) {
-	switch (con->current.layout) {
+static void render_containers(struct sway_output *output,
+		pixman_region32_t *damage, struct parent_data *parent) {
+	switch (parent->layout) {
 	case L_NONE:
 	case L_HORIZ:
 	case L_VERT:
-		render_container_simple(output, damage, con, parent_focused);
+		render_containers_linear(output, damage, parent);
 		break;
 	case L_STACKED:
-		render_container_stacked(output, damage, con, parent_focused);
+		render_containers_stacked(output, damage, parent);
 		break;
 	case L_TABBED:
-		render_container_tabbed(output, damage, con, parent_focused);
+		render_containers_tabbed(output, damage, parent);
 		break;
 	}
 }
 
+static void render_container(struct sway_output *output,
+		pixman_region32_t *damage, struct sway_container *con, bool focused) {
+	struct parent_data data = {
+		.layout = con->current.layout,
+		.box = {
+			.x = con->current.con_x,
+			.y = con->current.con_y,
+			.width = con->current.con_width,
+			.height = con->current.con_height,
+		},
+		.children = con->current.children,
+		.focused = focused,
+		.active_child = con->current.focused_inactive_child,
+	};
+	render_containers(output, damage, &data);
+}
+
+static void render_workspace(struct sway_output *output,
+		pixman_region32_t *damage, struct sway_workspace *ws, bool focused) {
+	struct parent_data data = {
+		.layout = ws->current.layout,
+		.box = {
+			.x = ws->current.x,
+			.y = ws->current.y,
+			.width = ws->current.width,
+			.height = ws->current.height,
+		},
+		.children = ws->current.tiling,
+		.focused = focused,
+		.active_child = ws->current.focused_inactive_child,
+	};
+	render_containers(output, damage, &data);
+}
+
 static void render_floating_container(struct sway_output *soutput,
 		pixman_region32_t *damage, struct sway_container *con) {
-	if (con->type == C_VIEW) {
-		struct sway_view *view = con->sway_view;
+	if (con->view) {
+		struct sway_view *view = con->view;
 		struct border_colors *colors;
 		struct wlr_texture *title_texture;
 		struct wlr_texture *marks_texture;
@@ -777,10 +813,10 @@ static void render_floating_container(struct sway_output *soutput,
 			marks_texture = view->marks_unfocused;
 		}
 
-		if (!view->swayc->current.using_csd) {
+		if (!view->container->current.using_csd) {
 			if (con->current.border == B_NORMAL) {
-				render_titlebar(soutput, damage, con, con->current.swayc_x,
-						con->current.swayc_y, con->current.swayc_width, colors,
+				render_titlebar(soutput, damage, con, con->current.con_x,
+						con->current.con_y, con->current.con_width, colors,
 						title_texture, marks_texture);
 			} else if (con->current.border != B_NONE) {
 				render_top_border(soutput, damage, con, colors);
@@ -794,17 +830,15 @@ static void render_floating_container(struct sway_output *soutput,
 
 static void render_floating(struct sway_output *soutput,
 		pixman_region32_t *damage) {
-	for (int i = 0; i < root_container.current.children->length; ++i) {
-		struct sway_container *output =
-			root_container.current.children->items[i];
-		for (int j = 0; j < output->current.children->length; ++j) {
-			struct sway_container *ws = output->current.children->items[j];
+	for (int i = 0; i < root->outputs->length; ++i) {
+		struct sway_output *output = root->outputs->items[i];
+		for (int j = 0; j < output->current.workspaces->length; ++j) {
+			struct sway_workspace *ws = output->current.workspaces->items[j];
 			if (!workspace_is_visible(ws)) {
 				continue;
 			}
-			list_t *floating = ws->current.ws_floating;
-			for (int k = 0; k < floating->length; ++k) {
-				struct sway_container *floater = floating->items[k];
+			for (int k = 0; k < ws->current.floating->length; ++k) {
+				struct sway_container *floater = ws->current.floating->items[k];
 				render_floating_container(soutput, damage, floater);
 			}
 		}
@@ -837,8 +871,8 @@ void output_render(struct sway_output *output, struct timespec *when,
 		pixman_region32_union_rect(damage, damage, 0, 0, width, height);
 	}
 
-	struct sway_container *workspace = output_get_active_workspace(output);
-	struct sway_container *fullscreen_con = workspace->current.ws_fullscreen;
+	struct sway_workspace *workspace = output_get_active_workspace(output);
+	struct sway_container *fullscreen_con = workspace->current.fullscreen;
 
 	if (output_has_opaque_overlay_layer_surface(output)) {
 		goto render_overlay;
@@ -855,12 +889,11 @@ void output_render(struct sway_output *output, struct timespec *when,
 		}
 
 		// TODO: handle views smaller than the output
-		if (fullscreen_con->type == C_VIEW) {
-			if (fullscreen_con->sway_view->saved_buffer) {
-				render_saved_view(fullscreen_con->sway_view,
-						output, damage, 1.0f);
+		if (fullscreen_con->view) {
+			if (fullscreen_con->view->saved_buffer) {
+				render_saved_view(fullscreen_con->view, output, damage, 1.0f);
 			} else {
-				render_view_toplevels(fullscreen_con->sway_view,
+				render_view_toplevels(fullscreen_con->view,
 						output, damage, 1.0f);
 			}
 		} else {
@@ -868,8 +901,7 @@ void output_render(struct sway_output *output, struct timespec *when,
 					fullscreen_con->current.focused);
 		}
 #ifdef HAVE_XWAYLAND
-		render_unmanaged(output, damage,
-			&root_container.sway_root->xwayland_unmanaged);
+		render_unmanaged(output, damage, &root->xwayland_unmanaged);
 #endif
 	} else {
 		float clear_color[] = {0.25f, 0.25f, 0.25f, 1.0f};
@@ -886,31 +918,30 @@ void output_render(struct sway_output *output, struct timespec *when,
 		render_layer(output, damage,
 			&output->layers[ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_BOTTOM]);
 
-		render_container(output, damage, workspace, workspace->current.focused);
+		render_workspace(output, damage, workspace, workspace->current.focused);
 		render_floating(output, damage);
 #ifdef HAVE_XWAYLAND
-		render_unmanaged(output, damage,
-			&root_container.sway_root->xwayland_unmanaged);
+		render_unmanaged(output, damage, &root->xwayland_unmanaged);
 #endif
 		render_layer(output, damage,
 			&output->layers[ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_TOP]);
 	}
 
 	struct sway_seat *seat = input_manager_current_seat(input_manager);
-	struct sway_container *focus = seat_get_focus(seat);
-	if (focus && focus->type == C_VIEW) {
-		render_view_popups(focus->sway_view, output, damage, focus->alpha);
+	struct sway_container *focus = seat_get_focused_container(seat);
+	if (focus && focus->view) {
+		render_view_popups(focus->view, output, damage, focus->alpha);
 	}
 
 render_overlay:
 	render_layer(output, damage,
 		&output->layers[ZWLR_LAYER_SHELL_V1_LAYER_OVERLAY]);
-	render_drag_icons(output, damage, &root_container.sway_root->drag_icons);
+	render_drag_icons(output, damage, &root->drag_icons);
 
 renderer_end:
 	if (debug.render_tree) {
 		wlr_renderer_scissor(renderer, NULL);
-		wlr_render_texture(renderer, root_container.sway_root->debug_tree,
+		wlr_render_texture(renderer, root->debug_tree,
 			wlr_output->transform_matrix, 0, 40, 1);
 	}
 	if (debug.damage == DAMAGE_HIGHLIGHT) {
diff --git a/sway/desktop/transaction.c b/sway/desktop/transaction.c
index 145c5f92..b4eec933 100644
--- a/sway/desktop/transaction.c
+++ b/sway/desktop/transaction.c
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "sway/desktop/transaction.h"
 #include "sway/output.h"
 #include "sway/tree/container.h"
+#include "sway/tree/node.h"
 #include "sway/tree/view.h"
 #include "sway/tree/workspace.h"
 #include "list.h"
@@ -27,8 +28,12 @@ struct sway_transaction {
 
 struct sway_transaction_instruction {
 	struct sway_transaction *transaction;
-	struct sway_container *container;
-	struct sway_container_state state;
+	struct sway_node *node;
+	union {
+		struct sway_output_state *output_state;
+		struct sway_workspace_state *workspace_state;
+		struct sway_container_state *container_state;
+	};
 	uint32_t serial;
 };
 
@@ -47,26 +52,24 @@ static void transaction_destroy(struct sway_transaction *transaction) {
 	for (int i = 0; i < transaction->instructions->length; ++i) {
 		struct sway_transaction_instruction *instruction =
 			transaction->instructions->items[i];
-		struct sway_container *con = instruction->container;
-		con->ntxnrefs--;
-		if (con->instruction == instruction) {
-			con->instruction = NULL;
+		struct sway_node *node = instruction->node;
+		node->ntxnrefs--;
+		if (node->instruction == instruction) {
+			node->instruction = NULL;
 		}
-		if (con->destroying && con->ntxnrefs == 0) {
-			switch (con->type) {
-			case C_ROOT:
+		if (node->destroying && node->ntxnrefs == 0) {
+			switch (node->type) {
+			case N_ROOT:
+				sway_assert(false, "Never reached");
 				break;
-			case C_OUTPUT:
-				output_destroy(con);
+			case N_OUTPUT:
+				output_destroy(node->sway_output);
 				break;
-			case C_WORKSPACE:
-				workspace_destroy(con);
+			case N_WORKSPACE:
+				workspace_destroy(node->sway_workspace);
 				break;
-			case C_CONTAINER:
-			case C_VIEW:
-				container_destroy(con);
-				break;
-			case C_TYPES:
+			case N_CONTAINER:
+				container_destroy(node->sway_container);
 				break;
 			}
 		}
@@ -80,22 +83,79 @@ static void transaction_destroy(struct sway_transaction *transaction) {
 	free(transaction);
 }
 
-static void copy_pending_state(struct sway_container *container,
-		struct sway_container_state *state) {
+static void copy_output_state(struct sway_output *output,
+		struct sway_transaction_instruction *instruction) {
+	struct sway_output_state *state =
+		calloc(1, sizeof(struct sway_output_state));
+	if (!state) {
+		wlr_log(WLR_ERROR, "Could not allocate output state");
+		return;
+	}
+	instruction->output_state = state;
+
+	state->workspaces = create_list();
+	list_cat(state->workspaces, output->workspaces);
+
+	state->active_workspace = output_get_active_workspace(output);
+}
+
+static void copy_workspace_state(struct sway_workspace *ws,
+		struct sway_transaction_instruction *instruction) {
+	struct sway_workspace_state *state =
+		calloc(1, sizeof(struct sway_workspace_state));
+	if (!state) {
+		wlr_log(WLR_ERROR, "Could not allocate workspace state");
+		return;
+	}
+	instruction->workspace_state = state;
+
+	state->fullscreen = ws->fullscreen;
+	state->x = ws->x;
+	state->y = ws->y;
+	state->width = ws->width;
+	state->height = ws->height;
+	state->layout = ws->layout;
+
+	state->output = ws->output;
+	state->floating = create_list();
+	state->tiling = create_list();
+	list_cat(state->floating, ws->floating);
+	list_cat(state->tiling, ws->tiling);
+
+	struct sway_seat *seat = input_manager_current_seat(input_manager);
+	state->focused = seat_get_focus(seat) == &ws->node;
+
+	// Set focused_inactive_child to the direct tiling child
+	struct sway_container *focus = seat_get_focus_inactive_tiling(seat, ws);
+	if (focus) {
+		while (focus->parent) {
+			focus = focus->parent;
+		}
+	}
+	state->focused_inactive_child = focus;
+}
+
+static void copy_container_state(struct sway_container *container,
+		struct sway_transaction_instruction *instruction) {
+	struct sway_container_state *state =
+		calloc(1, sizeof(struct sway_container_state));
+	if (!state) {
+		wlr_log(WLR_ERROR, "Could not allocate container state");
+		return;
+	}
+	instruction->container_state = state;
+
 	state->layout = container->layout;
-	state->swayc_x = container->x;
-	state->swayc_y = container->y;
-	state->swayc_width = container->width;
-	state->swayc_height = container->height;
+	state->con_x = container->x;
+	state->con_y = container->y;
+	state->con_width = container->width;
+	state->con_height = container->height;
 	state->is_fullscreen = container->is_fullscreen;
-	state->has_gaps = container->has_gaps;
-	state->current_gaps = container->current_gaps;
-	state->gaps_inner = container->gaps_inner;
-	state->gaps_outer = container->gaps_outer;
 	state->parent = container->parent;
+	state->workspace = container->workspace;
 
-	if (container->type == C_VIEW) {
-		struct sway_view *view = container->sway_view;
+	if (container->view) {
+		struct sway_view *view = container->view;
 		state->view_x = view->x;
 		state->view_y = view->y;
 		state->view_width = view->width;
@@ -107,50 +167,111 @@ static void copy_pending_state(struct sway_container *container,
 		state->border_right = view->border_right;
 		state->border_bottom = view->border_bottom;
 		state->using_csd = view->using_csd;
-	} else if (container->type == C_WORKSPACE) {
-		state->ws_fullscreen = container->sway_workspace->fullscreen;
-		state->ws_floating = create_list();
-		state->children = create_list();
-		list_cat(state->ws_floating, container->sway_workspace->floating);
-		list_cat(state->children, container->children);
 	} else {
 		state->children = create_list();
 		list_cat(state->children, container->children);
 	}
 
 	struct sway_seat *seat = input_manager_current_seat(input_manager);
-	state->focused = seat_get_focus(seat) == container;
-
-	if (container->type == C_WORKSPACE) {
-		// Set focused_inactive_child to the direct tiling child
-		struct sway_container *focus =
-			seat_get_focus_inactive_tiling(seat, container);
-		if (focus && focus->type > C_WORKSPACE) {
-			while (focus->parent->type != C_WORKSPACE) {
-				focus = focus->parent;
-			}
-		}
-		state->focused_inactive_child = focus;
-	} else if (container->type != C_VIEW) {
-		state->focused_inactive_child =
-			seat_get_active_child(seat, container);
+	state->focused = seat_get_focus(seat) == &container->node;
+
+	if (!container->view) {
+		struct sway_node *focus = seat_get_active_child(seat, &container->node);
+		state->focused_inactive_child = focus ? focus->sway_container : NULL;
 	}
 }
 
-static void transaction_add_container(struct sway_transaction *transaction,
-		struct sway_container *container) {
+static void transaction_add_node(struct sway_transaction *transaction,
+		struct sway_node *node) {
 	struct sway_transaction_instruction *instruction =
 		calloc(1, sizeof(struct sway_transaction_instruction));
 	if (!sway_assert(instruction, "Unable to allocate instruction")) {
 		return;
 	}
 	instruction->transaction = transaction;
-	instruction->container = container;
-
-	copy_pending_state(container, &instruction->state);
+	instruction->node = node;
+
+	switch (node->type) {
+	case N_ROOT:
+		break;
+	case N_OUTPUT:
+		copy_output_state(node->sway_output, instruction);
+		break;
+	case N_WORKSPACE:
+		copy_workspace_state(node->sway_workspace, instruction);
+		break;
+	case N_CONTAINER:
+		copy_container_state(node->sway_container, instruction);
+		break;
+	}
 
 	list_add(transaction->instructions, instruction);
-	container->ntxnrefs++;
+	node->ntxnrefs++;
+}
+
+static void apply_output_state(struct sway_output *output,
+		struct sway_output_state *state) {
+	output_damage_whole(output);
+	list_free(output->current.workspaces);
+	memcpy(&output->current, state, sizeof(struct sway_output_state));
+	output_damage_whole(output);
+}
+
+static void apply_workspace_state(struct sway_workspace *ws,
+		struct sway_workspace_state *state) {
+	output_damage_whole(ws->current.output);
+	list_free(ws->current.floating);
+	list_free(ws->current.tiling);
+	memcpy(&ws->current, state, sizeof(struct sway_workspace_state));
+	output_damage_whole(ws->current.output);
+}
+
+static void apply_container_state(struct sway_container *container,
+		struct sway_container_state *state) {
+	struct sway_view *view = container->view;
+	// Damage the old location
+	desktop_damage_whole_container(container);
+	if (view && view->saved_buffer) {
+		struct wlr_box box = {
+			.x = container->current.view_x - view->saved_geometry.x,
+			.y = container->current.view_y - view->saved_geometry.y,
+			.width = view->saved_buffer_width,
+			.height = view->saved_buffer_height,
+		};
+		desktop_damage_box(&box);
+	}
+
+	// There are separate children lists for each instruction state, the
+	// container's current state and the container's pending state
+	// (ie. con->children). The list itself needs to be freed here.
+	// Any child containers which are being deleted will be cleaned up in
+	// transaction_destroy().
+	list_free(container->current.children);
+
+	memcpy(&container->current, state, sizeof(struct sway_container_state));
+
+	if (view && view->saved_buffer) {
+		if (!container->node.destroying || container->node.ntxnrefs == 1) {
+			view_remove_saved_buffer(view);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Damage the new location
+	desktop_damage_whole_container(container);
+	if (view && view->surface) {
+		struct wlr_surface *surface = view->surface;
+		struct wlr_box box = {
+			.x = container->current.view_x - view->geometry.x,
+			.y = container->current.view_y - view->geometry.y,
+			.width = surface->current.width,
+			.height = surface->current.height,
+		};
+		desktop_damage_box(&box);
+	}
+
+	if (!container->node.destroying) {
+		container_discover_outputs(container);
+	}
 }
 
 /**
@@ -168,67 +289,36 @@ static void transaction_apply(struct sway_transaction *transaction) {
 				"(%.1f frames if 60Hz)", transaction, ms, ms / (1000.0f / 60));
 	}
 
-	// Apply the instruction state to the container's current state
+	// Apply the instruction state to the node's current state
 	for (int i = 0; i < transaction->instructions->length; ++i) {
 		struct sway_transaction_instruction *instruction =
 			transaction->instructions->items[i];
-		struct sway_container *container = instruction->container;
-
-		// Damage the old location
-		desktop_damage_whole_container(container);
-		if (container->type == C_VIEW && container->sway_view->saved_buffer) {
-			struct sway_view *view = container->sway_view;
-			struct wlr_box box = {
-				.x = container->current.view_x - view->saved_geometry.x,
-				.y = container->current.view_y - view->saved_geometry.y,
-				.width = view->saved_buffer_width,
-				.height = view->saved_buffer_height,
-			};
-			desktop_damage_box(&box);
-		}
-
-		// There are separate children lists for each instruction state, the
-		// container's current state and the container's pending state
-		// (ie. con->children). The list itself needs to be freed here.
-		// Any child containers which are being deleted will be cleaned up in
-		// transaction_destroy().
-		list_free(container->current.children);
-		list_free(container->current.ws_floating);
-
-		memcpy(&container->current, &instruction->state,
-				sizeof(struct sway_container_state));
-
-		if (container->type == C_VIEW && container->sway_view->saved_buffer) {
-			if (!container->destroying || container->ntxnrefs == 1) {
-				view_remove_saved_buffer(container->sway_view);
-			}
-		}
+		struct sway_node *node = instruction->node;
 
-		// Damage the new location
-		desktop_damage_whole_container(container);
-		if (container->type == C_VIEW && container->sway_view->surface) {
-			struct sway_view *view = container->sway_view;
-			struct wlr_surface *surface = view->surface;
-			struct wlr_box box = {
-				.x = container->current.view_x - view->geometry.x,
-				.y = container->current.view_y - view->geometry.y,
-				.width = surface->current.width,
-				.height = surface->current.height,
-			};
-			desktop_damage_box(&box);
+		switch (node->type) {
+		case N_ROOT:
+			break;
+		case N_OUTPUT:
+			apply_output_state(node->sway_output, instruction->output_state);
+			break;
+		case N_WORKSPACE:
+			apply_workspace_state(node->sway_workspace,
+					instruction->workspace_state);
+			break;
+		case N_CONTAINER:
+			apply_container_state(node->sway_container,
+					instruction->container_state);
+			break;
 		}
 
-		container->instruction = NULL;
-		if (container->type == C_CONTAINER || container->type == C_VIEW) {
-			container_discover_outputs(container);
-		}
+		node->instruction = NULL;
 	}
 }
 
 static void transaction_commit(struct sway_transaction *transaction);
 
-// Return true if both transactions operate on the same containers
-static bool transaction_same_containers(struct sway_transaction *a,
+// Return true if both transactions operate on the same nodes
+static bool transaction_same_nodes(struct sway_transaction *a,
 		struct sway_transaction *b) {
 	if (a->instructions->length != b->instructions->length) {
 		return false;
@@ -236,7 +326,7 @@ static bool transaction_same_containers(struct sway_transaction *a,
 	for (int i = 0; i < a->instructions->length; ++i) {
 		struct sway_transaction_instruction *a_inst = a->instructions->items[i];
 		struct sway_transaction_instruction *b_inst = b->instructions->items[i];
-		if (a_inst->container != b_inst->container) {
+		if (a_inst->node != b_inst->node) {
 			return false;
 		}
 	}
@@ -267,7 +357,7 @@ static void transaction_progress_queue() {
 	while (server.transactions->length >= 2) {
 		struct sway_transaction *a = server.transactions->items[0];
 		struct sway_transaction *b = server.transactions->items[1];
-		if (transaction_same_containers(a, b)) {
+		if (transaction_same_nodes(a, b)) {
 			list_del(server.transactions, 0);
 			transaction_destroy(a);
 		} else {
@@ -289,16 +379,18 @@ static int handle_timeout(void *data) {
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static bool should_configure(struct sway_container *con,
+static bool should_configure(struct sway_node *node,
 		struct sway_transaction_instruction *instruction) {
-	if (con->type != C_VIEW) {
+	if (!node_is_view(node)) {
 		return false;
 	}
-	if (con->destroying) {
+	if (node->destroying) {
 		return false;
 	}
-	if (con->current.view_width == instruction->state.view_width &&
-			con->current.view_height == instruction->state.view_height) {
+	struct sway_container_state *cstate = &node->sway_container->current;
+	struct sway_container_state *istate = instruction->container_state;
+	if (cstate->view_width == istate->view_width &&
+			cstate->view_height == istate->view_height) {
 		return false;
 	}
 	return true;
@@ -311,13 +403,13 @@ static void transaction_commit(struct sway_transaction *transaction) {
 	for (int i = 0; i < transaction->instructions->length; ++i) {
 		struct sway_transaction_instruction *instruction =
 			transaction->instructions->items[i];
-		struct sway_container *con = instruction->container;
-		if (should_configure(con, instruction)) {
-			instruction->serial = view_configure(con->sway_view,
-					instruction->state.view_x,
-					instruction->state.view_y,
-					instruction->state.view_width,
-					instruction->state.view_height);
+		struct sway_node *node = instruction->node;
+		if (should_configure(node, instruction)) {
+			instruction->serial = view_configure(node->sway_container->view,
+					instruction->container_state->view_x,
+					instruction->container_state->view_y,
+					instruction->container_state->view_width,
+					instruction->container_state->view_height);
 			++transaction->num_waiting;
 
 			// From here on we are rendering a saved buffer of the view, which
@@ -325,14 +417,16 @@ static void transaction_commit(struct sway_transaction *transaction) {
 			// as soon as possible. Additionally, this is required if a view is
 			// mapping and its default geometry doesn't intersect an output.
 			struct timespec when;
-			wlr_surface_send_frame_done(con->sway_view->surface, &when);
+			wlr_surface_send_frame_done(
+					node->sway_container->view->surface, &when);
 		}
-		if (con->type == C_VIEW && !con->sway_view->saved_buffer) {
-			view_save_buffer(con->sway_view);
-			memcpy(&con->sway_view->saved_geometry, &con->sway_view->geometry,
+		if (node_is_view(node) && !node->sway_container->view->saved_buffer) {
+			view_save_buffer(node->sway_container->view);
+			memcpy(&node->sway_container->view->saved_geometry,
+					&node->sway_container->view->geometry,
 					sizeof(struct wlr_box));
 		}
-		con->instruction = instruction;
+		node->instruction = instruction;
 	}
 	transaction->num_configures = transaction->num_waiting;
 	if (debug.txn_timings) {
@@ -381,7 +475,7 @@ static void set_instruction_ready(
 				transaction,
 				transaction->num_configures - transaction->num_waiting + 1,
 				transaction->num_configures, ms,
-				instruction->container->name);
+				instruction->node->sway_container->title);
 	}
 
 	// If the transaction has timed out then its num_waiting will be 0 already.
@@ -390,41 +484,43 @@ static void set_instruction_ready(
 		wl_event_source_timer_update(transaction->timer, 0);
 	}
 
-	instruction->container->instruction = NULL;
+	instruction->node->instruction = NULL;
 	transaction_progress_queue();
 }
 
 void transaction_notify_view_ready_by_serial(struct sway_view *view,
 		uint32_t serial) {
-	struct sway_transaction_instruction *instruction = view->swayc->instruction;
-	if (view->swayc->instruction->serial == serial) {
+	struct sway_transaction_instruction *instruction =
+		view->container->node.instruction;
+	if (instruction->serial == serial) {
 		set_instruction_ready(instruction);
 	}
 }
 
 void transaction_notify_view_ready_by_size(struct sway_view *view,
 		int width, int height) {
-	struct sway_transaction_instruction *instruction = view->swayc->instruction;
-	if (instruction->state.view_width == width &&
-			instruction->state.view_height == height) {
+	struct sway_transaction_instruction *instruction =
+		view->container->node.instruction;
+	if (instruction->container_state->view_width == width &&
+			instruction->container_state->view_height == height) {
 		set_instruction_ready(instruction);
 	}
 }
 
 void transaction_commit_dirty(void) {
-	if (!server.dirty_containers->length) {
+	if (!server.dirty_nodes->length) {
 		return;
 	}
 	struct sway_transaction *transaction = transaction_create();
 	if (!transaction) {
 		return;
 	}
-	for (int i = 0; i < server.dirty_containers->length; ++i) {
-		struct sway_container *container = server.dirty_containers->items[i];
-		transaction_add_container(transaction, container);
-		container->dirty = false;
+	for (int i = 0; i < server.dirty_nodes->length; ++i) {
+		struct sway_node *node = server.dirty_nodes->items[i];
+		transaction_add_node(transaction, node);
+		node->dirty = false;
 	}
-	server.dirty_containers->length = 0;
+	server.dirty_nodes->length = 0;
 
 	list_add(server.transactions, transaction);
 
diff --git a/sway/desktop/xdg_shell.c b/sway/desktop/xdg_shell.c
index 587deb0f..e19d8e18 100644
--- a/sway/desktop/xdg_shell.c
+++ b/sway/desktop/xdg_shell.c
@@ -11,10 +11,12 @@
 #include "sway/desktop/transaction.h"
 #include "sway/input/input-manager.h"
 #include "sway/input/seat.h"
+#include "sway/output.h"
 #include "sway/server.h"
 #include "sway/tree/arrange.h"
 #include "sway/tree/container.h"
 #include "sway/tree/view.h"
+#include "sway/tree/workspace.h"
 
 static const struct sway_view_child_impl popup_impl;
 
@@ -52,15 +54,15 @@ static void popup_unconstrain(struct sway_xdg_popup *popup) {
 	struct sway_view *view = popup->child.view;
 	struct wlr_xdg_popup *wlr_popup = popup->wlr_xdg_surface->popup;
 
-	struct sway_container *output = container_parent(view->swayc, C_OUTPUT);
+	struct sway_output *output = view->container->workspace->output;
 
 	// the output box expressed in the coordinate system of the toplevel parent
 	// of the popup
 	struct wlr_box output_toplevel_sx_box = {
-		.x = output->x - view->x,
-		.y = output->y - view->y,
-		.width = output->width,
-		.height = output->height,
+		.x = output->wlr_output->lx - view->x,
+		.y = output->wlr_output->ly - view->y,
+		.width = output->wlr_output->width,
+		.height = output->wlr_output->height,
 	};
 
 	wlr_xdg_popup_unconstrain_from_box(wlr_popup, &output_toplevel_sx_box);
@@ -252,11 +254,7 @@ static void handle_commit(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	struct sway_view *view = &xdg_shell_view->view;
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface *xdg_surface = view->wlr_xdg_surface;
 
-	if (!view->swayc) {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	if (view->swayc->instruction) {
+	if (view->container->node.instruction) {
 		wlr_xdg_surface_get_geometry(xdg_surface, &view->geometry);
 		transaction_notify_view_ready_by_serial(view,
 				xdg_surface->configure_serial);
@@ -265,7 +263,7 @@ static void handle_commit(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 		wlr_xdg_surface_get_geometry(xdg_surface, &new_geo);
 
 		if ((new_geo.width != view->width || new_geo.height != view->height) &&
-				container_is_floating(view->swayc)) {
+				container_is_floating(view->container)) {
 			// A floating view has unexpectedly sent a new size
 			desktop_damage_view(view);
 			view_update_size(view, new_geo.width, new_geo.height);
@@ -319,10 +317,9 @@ static void handle_request_fullscreen(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	container_set_fullscreen(view->swayc, e->fullscreen);
+	container_set_fullscreen(view->container, e->fullscreen);
 
-	struct sway_container *output = container_parent(view->swayc, C_OUTPUT);
-	arrange_windows(output);
+	arrange_workspace(view->container->workspace);
 	transaction_commit_dirty();
 }
 
@@ -330,13 +327,13 @@ static void handle_request_move(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	struct sway_xdg_shell_view *xdg_shell_view =
 		wl_container_of(listener, xdg_shell_view, request_move);
 	struct sway_view *view = &xdg_shell_view->view;
-	if (!container_is_floating(view->swayc)) {
+	if (!container_is_floating(view->container)) {
 		return;
 	}
 	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_move_event *e = data;
 	struct sway_seat *seat = e->seat->seat->data;
 	if (e->serial == seat->last_button_serial) {
-		seat_begin_move(seat, view->swayc, seat->last_button);
+		seat_begin_move(seat, view->container, seat->last_button);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -344,13 +341,13 @@ static void handle_request_resize(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	struct sway_xdg_shell_view *xdg_shell_view =
 		wl_container_of(listener, xdg_shell_view, request_resize);
 	struct sway_view *view = &xdg_shell_view->view;
-	if (!container_is_floating(view->swayc)) {
+	if (!container_is_floating(view->container)) {
 		return;
 	}
 	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_resize_event *e = data;
 	struct sway_seat *seat = e->seat->seat->data;
 	if (e->serial == seat->last_button_serial) {
-		seat_begin_resize_floating(seat, view->swayc,
+		seat_begin_resize_floating(seat, view->container,
 				seat->last_button, e->edges);
 	}
 }
@@ -399,11 +396,14 @@ static void handle_map(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	view_map(view, view->wlr_xdg_surface->surface);
 
 	if (xdg_surface->toplevel->client_pending.fullscreen) {
-		container_set_fullscreen(view->swayc, true);
-		struct sway_container *ws = container_parent(view->swayc, C_WORKSPACE);
-		arrange_windows(ws);
+		container_set_fullscreen(view->container, true);
+		arrange_workspace(view->container->workspace);
 	} else {
-		arrange_windows(view->swayc->parent);
+		if (view->container->parent) {
+			arrange_container(view->container->parent);
+		} else {
+			arrange_workspace(view->container->workspace);
+		}
 	}
 	transaction_commit_dirty();
 
@@ -440,8 +440,7 @@ static void handle_destroy(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	struct sway_xdg_shell_view *xdg_shell_view =
 		wl_container_of(listener, xdg_shell_view, destroy);
 	struct sway_view *view = &xdg_shell_view->view;
-	if (!sway_assert(view->swayc == NULL || view->swayc->destroying,
-				"Tried to destroy a mapped view")) {
+	if (!sway_assert(view->surface == NULL, "Tried to destroy a mapped view")) {
 		return;
 	}
 	wl_list_remove(&xdg_shell_view->destroy.link);
diff --git a/sway/desktop/xdg_shell_v6.c b/sway/desktop/xdg_shell_v6.c
index 175416f3..b23d4577 100644
--- a/sway/desktop/xdg_shell_v6.c
+++ b/sway/desktop/xdg_shell_v6.c
@@ -10,10 +10,12 @@
 #include "sway/desktop/transaction.h"
 #include "sway/input/input-manager.h"
 #include "sway/input/seat.h"
+#include "sway/output.h"
 #include "sway/server.h"
 #include "sway/tree/arrange.h"
 #include "sway/tree/container.h"
 #include "sway/tree/view.h"
+#include "sway/tree/workspace.h"
 
 static const struct sway_view_child_impl popup_impl;
 
@@ -51,15 +53,15 @@ static void popup_unconstrain(struct sway_xdg_popup_v6 *popup) {
 	struct sway_view *view = popup->child.view;
 	struct wlr_xdg_popup_v6 *wlr_popup = popup->wlr_xdg_surface_v6->popup;
 
-	struct sway_container *output = container_parent(view->swayc, C_OUTPUT);
+	struct sway_output *output = view->container->workspace->output;
 
 	// the output box expressed in the coordinate system of the toplevel parent
 	// of the popup
 	struct wlr_box output_toplevel_sx_box = {
-		.x = output->x - view->x,
-		.y = output->y - view->y,
-		.width = output->width,
-		.height = output->height,
+		.x = output->wlr_output->lx - view->x,
+		.y = output->wlr_output->ly - view->y,
+		.width = output->wlr_output->width,
+		.height = output->wlr_output->height,
 	};
 
 	wlr_xdg_popup_v6_unconstrain_from_box(wlr_popup, &output_toplevel_sx_box);
@@ -249,11 +251,7 @@ static void handle_commit(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	struct sway_view *view = &xdg_shell_v6_view->view;
 	struct wlr_xdg_surface_v6 *xdg_surface_v6 = view->wlr_xdg_surface_v6;
 
-	if (!view->swayc) {
-		return;
-	}
-
-	if (view->swayc->instruction) {
+	if (view->container->node.instruction) {
 		wlr_xdg_surface_v6_get_geometry(xdg_surface_v6, &view->geometry);
 		transaction_notify_view_ready_by_serial(view,
 				xdg_surface_v6->configure_serial);
@@ -262,7 +260,7 @@ static void handle_commit(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 		wlr_xdg_surface_v6_get_geometry(xdg_surface_v6, &new_geo);
 
 		if ((new_geo.width != view->width || new_geo.height != view->height) &&
-				container_is_floating(view->swayc)) {
+				container_is_floating(view->container)) {
 			// A floating view has unexpectedly sent a new size
 			desktop_damage_view(view);
 			view_update_size(view, new_geo.width, new_geo.height);
@@ -316,10 +314,9 @@ static void handle_request_fullscreen(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	container_set_fullscreen(view->swayc, e->fullscreen);
+	container_set_fullscreen(view->container, e->fullscreen);
 
-	struct sway_container *output = container_parent(view->swayc, C_OUTPUT);
-	arrange_windows(output);
+	arrange_workspace(view->container->workspace);
 	transaction_commit_dirty();
 }
 
@@ -327,13 +324,13 @@ static void handle_request_move(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	struct sway_xdg_shell_v6_view *xdg_shell_v6_view =
 		wl_container_of(listener, xdg_shell_v6_view, request_move);
 	struct sway_view *view = &xdg_shell_v6_view->view;
-	if (!container_is_floating(view->swayc)) {
+	if (!container_is_floating(view->container)) {
 		return;
 	}
 	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_move_event *e = data;
 	struct sway_seat *seat = e->seat->seat->data;
 	if (e->serial == seat->last_button_serial) {
-		seat_begin_move(seat, view->swayc, seat->last_button);
+		seat_begin_move(seat, view->container, seat->last_button);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -341,13 +338,13 @@ static void handle_request_resize(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	struct sway_xdg_shell_v6_view *xdg_shell_v6_view =
 		wl_container_of(listener, xdg_shell_v6_view, request_resize);
 	struct sway_view *view = &xdg_shell_v6_view->view;
-	if (!container_is_floating(view->swayc)) {
+	if (!container_is_floating(view->container)) {
 		return;
 	}
 	struct wlr_xdg_toplevel_v6_resize_event *e = data;
 	struct sway_seat *seat = e->seat->seat->data;
 	if (e->serial == seat->last_button_serial) {
-		seat_begin_resize_floating(seat, view->swayc,
+		seat_begin_resize_floating(seat, view->container,
 				seat->last_button, e->edges);
 	}
 }
@@ -396,11 +393,14 @@ static void handle_map(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	view_map(view, view->wlr_xdg_surface_v6->surface);
 
 	if (xdg_surface->toplevel->client_pending.fullscreen) {
-		container_set_fullscreen(view->swayc, true);
-		struct sway_container *ws = container_parent(view->swayc, C_WORKSPACE);
-		arrange_windows(ws);
+		container_set_fullscreen(view->container, true);
+		arrange_workspace(view->container->workspace);
 	} else {
-		arrange_windows(view->swayc->parent);
+		if (view->container->parent) {
+			arrange_container(view->container->parent);
+		} else {
+			arrange_workspace(view->container->workspace);
+		}
 	}
 	transaction_commit_dirty();
 
diff --git a/sway/desktop/xwayland.c b/sway/desktop/xwayland.c
index 94a30239..0d192b76 100644
--- a/sway/desktop/xwayland.c
+++ b/sway/desktop/xwayland.c
@@ -59,8 +59,7 @@ static void unmanaged_handle_map(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 		wl_container_of(listener, surface, map);
 	struct wlr_xwayland_surface *xsurface = surface->wlr_xwayland_surface;
 
-	wl_list_insert(root_container.sway_root->xwayland_unmanaged.prev,
-		&surface->link);
+	wl_list_insert(root->xwayland_unmanaged.prev, &surface->link);
 
 	wl_signal_add(&xsurface->surface->events.commit, &surface->commit);
 	surface->commit.notify = unmanaged_handle_commit;
@@ -90,11 +89,10 @@ static void unmanaged_handle_unmap(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	if (seat->wlr_seat->keyboard_state.focused_surface ==
 			xsurface->surface) {
 		// Restore focus
-		struct sway_container *previous =
-			seat_get_focus_inactive(seat, &root_container);
+		struct sway_node *previous = seat_get_focus_inactive(seat, &root->node);
 		if (previous) {
 			// Hack to get seat to re-focus the return value of get_focus
-			seat_set_focus(seat, previous->parent);
+			seat_set_focus(seat, NULL);
 			seat_set_focus(seat, previous);
 		}
 	}
@@ -299,7 +297,7 @@ static void handle_commit(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	struct wlr_xwayland_surface *xsurface = view->wlr_xwayland_surface;
 	struct wlr_surface_state *state = &xsurface->surface->current;
 
-	if (view->swayc->instruction) {
+	if (view->container->node.instruction) {
 		get_geometry(view, &view->geometry);
 		transaction_notify_view_ready_by_size(view,
 				state->width, state->height);
@@ -308,7 +306,7 @@ static void handle_commit(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 		get_geometry(view, &new_geo);
 
 		if ((new_geo.width != view->width || new_geo.height != view->height) &&
-				container_is_floating(view->swayc)) {
+				container_is_floating(view->container)) {
 			// A floating view has unexpectedly sent a new size
 			// eg. The Firefox "Save As" dialog when downloading a file
 			desktop_damage_view(view);
@@ -391,11 +389,14 @@ static void handle_map(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	view_map(view, xsurface->surface);
 
 	if (xsurface->fullscreen) {
-		container_set_fullscreen(view->swayc, true);
-		struct sway_container *ws = container_parent(view->swayc, C_WORKSPACE);
-		arrange_windows(ws);
+		container_set_fullscreen(view->container, true);
+		arrange_workspace(view->container->workspace);
 	} else {
-		arrange_windows(view->swayc->parent);
+		if (view->container->parent) {
+			arrange_container(view->container->parent);
+		} else {
+			arrange_workspace(view->container->workspace);
+		}
 	}
 	transaction_commit_dirty();
 }
@@ -411,13 +412,14 @@ static void handle_request_configure(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 			ev->width, ev->height);
 		return;
 	}
-	if (container_is_floating(view->swayc)) {
-		configure(view, view->swayc->current.view_x,
-				view->swayc->current.view_y, ev->width, ev->height);
+	if (container_is_floating(view->container)) {
+		configure(view, view->container->current.view_x,
+				view->container->current.view_y, ev->width, ev->height);
 	} else {
-		configure(view, view->swayc->current.view_x,
-				view->swayc->current.view_y, view->swayc->current.view_width,
-				view->swayc->current.view_height);
+		configure(view, view->container->current.view_x,
+				view->container->current.view_y,
+				view->container->current.view_width,
+				view->container->current.view_height);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -429,10 +431,9 @@ static void handle_request_fullscreen(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data)
 	if (!xsurface->mapped) {
 		return;
 	}
-	container_set_fullscreen(view->swayc, xsurface->fullscreen);
+	container_set_fullscreen(view->container, xsurface->fullscreen);
 
-	struct sway_container *output = container_parent(view->swayc, C_OUTPUT);
-	arrange_windows(output);
+	arrange_workspace(view->container->workspace);
 	transaction_commit_dirty();
 }
 
@@ -444,11 +445,11 @@ static void handle_request_move(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	if (!xsurface->mapped) {
 		return;
 	}
-	if (!container_is_floating(view->swayc)) {
+	if (!container_is_floating(view->container)) {
 		return;
 	}
 	struct sway_seat *seat = input_manager_current_seat(input_manager);
-	seat_begin_move(seat, view->swayc, seat->last_button);
+	seat_begin_move(seat, view->container, seat->last_button);
 }
 
 static void handle_request_resize(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
@@ -459,12 +460,13 @@ static void handle_request_resize(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
 	if (!xsurface->mapped) {
 		return;
 	}
-	if (!container_is_floating(view->swayc)) {
+	if (!container_is_floating(view->container)) {
 		return;
 	}
 	struct wlr_xwayland_resize_event *e = data;
 	struct sway_seat *seat = input_manager_current_seat(input_manager);
-	seat_begin_resize_floating(seat, view->swayc, seat->last_button, e->edges);
+	seat_begin_resize_floating(seat, view->container,
+			seat->last_button, e->edges);
 }
 
 static void handle_request_activate(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {